Integral test is applicable if is positive and decreasing function on interval
where
If is convergent then the series
is also convergent.
If is divergent then the series
is also divergent.
For the series , we have
then we may let the function:
.
The graph of f(x) is:
As shown on the graph, is positive on the interval
. Based on the behavior of the graph as x increases, the function eventually decreases. We can confirm this by applying First Derivative test. To determine the derivative of the function, we may apply the Product rule for differentiation:
.
Let: then
then
Note:
Applying the Product rule for differentiation, we get:
Solve for critical values of by applying
.
Apply zero-factor property:
then
Using test point after
, we get:
.
When , then the function is decreasing for the given integral.
Then from the interval
. Since the function is ultimately decreasing on the interval
we may apply the integral test:
To determine the indefinite integral of , we may apply u-substitution by letting:
or
then
or
.
The integral becomes:
Apply the integration formula for exponential functions:
Plug-in on
, we get:
Applying definite integral formula:
Applying , we get:
or
The implies that the integral converges.
Conclusion:
The integral is convergent therefore the series
must also be convergent.
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