Monday 31 July 2017

`f(x)=1/(1+x)^4` Use the binomial series to find the Maclaurin series for the function.

Recall binomial series  that is convergent when `|x|lt1` follows: 


`(1+x)^k=sum_(n=0)^oo _(k(k-1)(k-2)...(k-n+1))/(n!)`


or`(1+x)^k= 1 + kx + (k(k-1))/(2!) x^2 + (k(k-1)(k-2))/(3!)x^3 +(k(k-1)(k-2)(k-3))/(4!)x^4-` ...


 For the given function `f(x) =1/(1+x)^4` , we may  apply Law of Exponents: `1/x^n = x^(-n)` to rewrite it as:


`f(x) = (1+x)^(-4)`


This now resembles `(1+x)^k` for binomial series.  


By comparing "`(1+x)^k` " with "`(1+x)^(-4)` ", we have the corresponding values:


`x=x` and `k = -4` .


 Plug-in the values  on...

Recall binomial series  that is convergent when `|x|lt1` follows: 


`(1+x)^k=sum_(n=0)^oo _(k(k-1)(k-2)...(k-n+1))/(n!)`


or`(1+x)^k= 1 + kx + (k(k-1))/(2!) x^2 + (k(k-1)(k-2))/(3!)x^3 +(k(k-1)(k-2)(k-3))/(4!)x^4-` ...


 For the given function `f(x) =1/(1+x)^4` , we may  apply Law of Exponents: `1/x^n = x^(-n)` to rewrite it as:


`f(x) = (1+x)^(-4)`


This now resembles `(1+x)^k` for binomial series.  


By comparing "`(1+x)^k` " with "`(1+x)^(-4)` ", we have the corresponding values:


`x=x` and `k = -4` .


 Plug-in the values  on the formula for binomial series, we get:


`(1+x)^(-4)=sum_(n=0)^oo ((-4)(-4-1)(-4-2)...(-4-n+1))/(n!)x^n`


               `= 1 + (-4)x + ((-4)(-4-1))/(2!) x^2 + ((-4)(-4-1)(-4-2))/(3!)x^3 +((-4)(-4-1)(-4-2)(-4-3))/(4!) x^4-` ...


` = 1 + (-4)x + ((-4)(-5))/(2!) x^2 + ((-4)(-5)(-6))/(3!)x^3 +((-4)(-5)(-6)(-7))/(4!) x^4-` ...


` = 1 -4x + 20/(2!) x^2 -120/(3!)x^3 +840/(4!)x^4-` ...


` = 1- 4x +10x^2 -20x^3 +35x^4-` ...


Therefore, the Maclaurin series  for  the function `f(x) =1/(1+x)^4` can be expressed as:


`1/(1+x)^4 =1- 4x +10x^2 -20x^3 +35x^4-` ...

What was Susan Glaspell trying to argue in "A Jury of Her Peers"?

Although many possible arguments emerge in interpreting "A Jury of Her Peers," the fact that Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale intuit the motive for Mrs. Wright to kill her husband while the men miss all the illustrative details in the kitchen suggests that Glaspell believes women to be more intuitive and sympathetic than men. 


The nature of the circumstances that compelled Mrs. Wright to kill her husband build sympathy for the isolation and privation of...

Although many possible arguments emerge in interpreting "A Jury of Her Peers," the fact that Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale intuit the motive for Mrs. Wright to kill her husband while the men miss all the illustrative details in the kitchen suggests that Glaspell believes women to be more intuitive and sympathetic than men. 


The nature of the circumstances that compelled Mrs. Wright to kill her husband build sympathy for the isolation and privation of poor rural women.  Her barely functional stove, rundown house, shabby clothes, and isolation are pitiable, and Mrs. Hale, and eventually Mrs. Peters, feel for Mrs. Wright. Their discovery of the murdered canary and what it must have meant to her is the tipping point as they suppress the evidence that could help to convict Mrs. Wright.


Because the story is called "A Jury of Her Peers," and Mrs. Wright's peers consider her "case" and find her homicide justifiable, it certainly can be read as a feminist story. The men are characterized as officious, oblivious, and ineffectual as "the law." 

Sunday 30 July 2017

`x=e^(-t)cost , y=e^(-t)sint , 0

The formula of arc length of a parametric equation on the interval `alt=tlt=b` is:


`L = int_a^b sqrt((dx/dt)^2+(dy/dt)^2) dt`


The given parametric equation is:


`x = e^(-t)cost`


`y=e^(-t)sint`


The derivative of x and y are with respect to t are:


`dx/dt = e^(-t) * (cost)' + (e^(-t))'*cost`


`dx/dt = e^(-t)*(-sint) + e^(-t)*(-1)cost`


`dx/dt=-e^(-t)sint-e^(-t)cost`


`dy/dt = e^(-t)*(sint)' + (e^(-t))'*sint`


`dy/dt = e^(-t)cost + e^(-t)*(-1)sint`


`dy/dt=e^(-t)cost - e^(-t)sint`


Plugging them to the formula, the integral needed to...

The formula of arc length of a parametric equation on the interval `alt=tlt=b` is:


`L = int_a^b sqrt((dx/dt)^2+(dy/dt)^2) dt`


The given parametric equation is:


`x = e^(-t)cost`


`y=e^(-t)sint`


The derivative of x and y are with respect to t are:


`dx/dt = e^(-t) * (cost)' + (e^(-t))'*cost`


`dx/dt = e^(-t)*(-sint) + e^(-t)*(-1)cost`


`dx/dt=-e^(-t)sint-e^(-t)cost`


`dy/dt = e^(-t)*(sint)' + (e^(-t))'*sint`


`dy/dt = e^(-t)cost + e^(-t)*(-1)sint`


`dy/dt=e^(-t)cost - e^(-t)sint`


Plugging them to the formula, the integral needed to compute the arc length of the given parametric equation on the interval `0lt=tlt=pi/2` is:


`L= int_0^(pi/2) sqrt( (-e^(-t)sint-e^(-t)cost)^2 + (e^(-t)cost - e^(-t)sint)^2) dt`


The simplified form of the integral is:


`L= int_0^(pi/2) sqrt( (-e^(-t)(sint + cost))^2+ (e^(-t)(cost-sint))^2)dt`


`L=int_0^(pi/2)sqrt( e^(-2t)(sint+cost)^2 + e^(-2t)(cost-sint)^2) dt`


`L=int_0^(pi/2) sqrt(e^(-2t)((sint+cost)^2 + (cost-sint)^2) )dt`


`L= int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t) sqrt((sint+cost)^2+(cost-sint)^2)dt`


`L=int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t) sqrt(sin^2t +2sintcost +cos^2t+cos^2t -2sintcost +sin^2t)dt`


`L= int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t) sqrt(2sin^2t + 2cos^2t)`


`L= int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t)sqrt(2(sin^2t+cos^2t))`


`L= int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t) sqrt(2*(1))dt`


`L= int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t) sqrt(2)dt`


`L= sqrt2 int_0^(pi/2) e^(-t)dt`


`L= -sqrt2 e^(-t) |_0^(pi/2)`


`L =-sqrt2 (e^(-pi/2) - e^0)`


`L=-sqrt2(e^(-pi/2)-1)`


`L=sqrt2 - sqrt2e^(-pi/2)`


Therefore, the arc length of the curve is  `sqrt2 - sqrt2e^(-pi/2)` units.

Saturday 29 July 2017

What type of victimization occurs in Enrique's Journey?

In Enrique's Journey, immigrants from Mexico and Central America brave extreme dangers to ride the trains to the United States. The story centers on Enrique, a Honduran boy who hopes to find his mother in America. He is seventeen years old when he finally manages to reach Chiapas; there, he finds that his suffering has only just begun. Young, illegal immigrants such as Enrique, many searching for their mothers, endure untold dangers and great suffering to reach their intended destination. They are victimized by bandits, violent gangsters, and el migra (the Mexican immigration authorities). Since many stops on the way North advertise similar dangers, I will concentrate on Enrique's experience in Chiapas.

1)Bandits


Bandits often patrol migrant areas to terrorize helpless immigrants. Since many citizens in Chiapas often view Central American immigrants in a negative light, bandits seize upon this prejudice to further their own aims. Groups of bandits wait in hiding to ambush unsuspecting migrants. If the migrants refuse to part with their money, they are hacked to death by machetes, shot execution-style, or, in the case of young women, gang-raped, tortured, and brutally murdered.


Meanwhile, citizens in Chiapas see migrants as opportunists who come to take job opportunities away from the local populace. They assert that Central American migrants bring disease, crime, and prostitution to their towns. It doesn't help the migrants' case that good Samaritans who have housed these migrants have been brutalized and murdered by them. So, on one hand, the migrants have to face suspicion from the citizens of Chiapas, and on the other hand, they have to face the threat of a violent death from fearsome bandit gangs.



2)Gangsters


Young men from dangerous gangs 'own' sections of freight trains traveling from Central America to the United States. What this means is that any migrant who wishes to ride the top of any freight train to America will find himself/herself at the mercy of violent gangsters. The most feared gangs are the Mara Salvatrucha and its rival, the Barrio 18 (18th Streeters). According to the author, many of these gang members, deported from America for violent crime, have settled in Chiapas. There, they unleash their own brand of violence upon hapless migrants like Enrique.


The MS-13 and MS-18 crime organizations.


These gangsters often scout out the migrant population at train stops. They watch and wait, approach migrants in a friendly manner, and try to win their trust. When the migrants climb up the freight train cars, the gangsters are waiting for them. They demand money for the right to stay on top of the freight trains. Migrants who don't comply find themselves thrown off trains or murdered in cold blood, their bodies left on top of the cars. As a result of this, workers at train stops often discover gruesome sights which turn their stomachs. Any migrant who attempts to contact the authorities soon finds out that it isn't worth it: the gangsters root out informants mercilessly.


3)El Migra


The Mexican immigration agents tasked with border control often resort to physical violence to apprehend migrants. Since many migrants do not want to get caught, they often flee, running from car to car on the tops of trains, with agents in hot pursuit. Frustrated agents often resort to throwing stones and sticks at the migrants. The Mexican immigration agents also work hand in hand with the madrinas, citizens who aid the agents in their work.


Tasked with scouting out illegal migrants, these fearsome madrinas are often armed with machetes and arrogant in their assumption of imputed police powers. According to the author, many human rights activists assert that the madrinas resort to horrendous physical violence to intimidate migrants; with the assent of corrupt immigration authorities, the migrants are further rendered powerless in the face of unrelenting violence.

Friday 28 July 2017

Are immigration decisions an enumerated, concurrent or reserved power?

Of these three choices, the best answer is that immigration decisions are an enumerated power.  These decisions are solely the province of the national government.   States do not have any power in this area.  The only reason why one would not say this is an enumerated power is that it is not explicitly listed in the Constitution.


In the Constitution, there is no clause that clearly states anything like “Congress shall have the power to...

Of these three choices, the best answer is that immigration decisions are an enumerated power.  These decisions are solely the province of the national government.   States do not have any power in this area.  The only reason why one would not say this is an enumerated power is that it is not explicitly listed in the Constitution.


In the Constitution, there is no clause that clearly states anything like “Congress shall have the power to decide who may enter the country.”  Instead, the national government’s power over immigration is more of an implied power that is suggested by powers that are clearly enumerated.


For example, the Constitution says that Congress can pass laws specifying how new citizens will be naturalized.  If Congress can control the making of new citizens, it presumably can control who can enter the country.  The Constitution also gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign countries.  We can infer that immigration is a form of commerce.  Finally, the Constitution gives Congress the power to limit or ban the “migration or importation” of slaves (though the word “slaves” is not used) after the year 1808.  This implies that Congress has the right to determine who may migrate to the United States.


The Supreme Court has consistently found that immigration policy is a power of the federal government and is denied to the states.  This means that it is best to say that it is an enumerated power as it is clearly not reserved to the states and is not concurrent.

How has the consumption and consumerism of sugar changed both historically and culturally since sugar was produced by slaves in the Caribbean for...

The British and other European powers established sugar plantations in the Caribbean in the 16th and 17th centuries. Sugar became the dominant crop on islands such as St. Kitts, Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad. By the late 19th century, sugar evolved from an elite commodity to one consumed by all classes in the United States and England. The wide consumer demand for sugar fueled the transatlantic slave trade and the increase in African slaves working in Caribbean cane fields and boiling houses. The islands produced both sugar and coffee, both of which were high-demand commodities in England.

By the 18th century, consumption of sugar had risen more than that of dairy and meat products in England. The middle classes were emulating the rich in consuming greater quantities of sugar. Where sugar was initially the food of British elites, by the 18th-19th centuries, sugar consumption and consumerism had risen to an alarming degree among the other classes. In the United States, increased manufacturing advances led to the building of the most technologically advanced sugar refinery in Williamsburg, Long Island, in 1864.


The consumption of sugar continued to evolve as we approached the 20th century and beyond. Where use of sugar was limited to an elite group of consumers in the 16th century, the 20th century saw sugar entrenched as an ingredient in many food products purchased by the average consumer. Food manufacturers began to add sugar to sodas, baked products, prepared foods, cereals, and frozen entrees. Today, 75% of prepared food products are said to contain added sugars. In the late 20th century, scientists and medical professionals blamed the rise of heart disease and diabetes on the public's increased consumption of saturated fats.


The public responded by consuming more reduced-fat food products. However, these products contained high levels of sugar. Now, in the 21st century, medical professionals are sounding the alarm that sugar (and not fat) is the culprit behind the rise in obesity, Type II diabetes, and heart disease. The FDA warns that sugar consumption has risen by 30% in three decades. Researchers also warn that "sugar crashes" can deplete energy and therefore reduce any impetus to exercise regularly. The lack of exercise then exacerbates the obesity problem among consumers who regularly purchase and consume prepared products high in sugar.


So, where sugar was initially consumed in limited quantities and by elite societies in western countries in the 16th century, it is now widely consumed among all classes in the 21st century on a global basis. For more information, please refer to the links below.

Why does Friar Lawrence finally agree to marry Romeo and Juliet?

To answer this question, take a look at act 2, scene 3. In this scene, Romeo tells Friar Lawrence that he is no longer interested in Rosaline. His new love is Juliet, and he wishes to marry her. At first, the Friar is reluctant to perform the marriage because he thinks Romeo is being hasty, but, on reflection, he decides to go ahead with it because he realizes it could have a positive effect:


For...

To answer this question, take a look at act 2, scene 3. In this scene, Romeo tells Friar Lawrence that he is no longer interested in Rosaline. His new love is Juliet, and he wishes to marry her. At first, the Friar is reluctant to perform the marriage because he thinks Romeo is being hasty, but, on reflection, he decides to go ahead with it because he realizes it could have a positive effect:



For this alliance may so happy prove


To turn your households' rancor to pure love.



In other words, the Friar believes that a marriage between the Montagues and the Capulets might bring their feud to an end. To describe this feud, he uses the word "rancor" which means something bitter.


Hope is the reason that the Friar allows the marriage between Romeo and Juliet. He hopes the marriage will erase all of the bitterness and replace it with pure love.

In "The Birds," why are the birds so destructive?

In "The Birds" by Daphne Du Maurier, the main character theorizes that the birds' destructive behavior is a consequence of a sudden change in weather, a "cold snap." The story is set in England, and the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) news reports confer with the main character's speculation that the birds' sudden aggression is likely a result of the unnatural weather. This makes a great deal of sense considering the story begins by stating that...

In "The Birds" by Daphne Du Maurier, the main character theorizes that the birds' destructive behavior is a consequence of a sudden change in weather, a "cold snap." The story is set in England, and the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) news reports confer with the main character's speculation that the birds' sudden aggression is likely a result of the unnatural weather. This makes a great deal of sense considering the story begins by stating that "On December third, the wind changed overnight and it was winter."


When people hear of "The Birds," they most often associate it with Alfred Hitchcock's 1963 classic film The Birds, which is an adaptation based loosely on Du Maurier's 1952 story. In the film, several explanations are offered as to why the birds act so strangely, including the weather, but no one answer is settled upon as it is in the original story by Du Maurier. At one point in the film, a self-proclaimed expert on bird behavior even dismisses all the claims of the attacks, saying there is no logical, natural reason the birds would collaborate to injure or kill humans.

Thursday 27 July 2017

What did Karana do to the birds?

In Chapter 18, Karana comes across a pair of birds who give birth to babies. Karana puts them in a birdcage so that they can stay with her. The birds eventually outgrow the cage, so Karana clips their winds to prevent them from flying away. They take food from Karana’s hand and are eventually tamed to the point that she doesn’t need to clip their wings anymore. One bird she names Tainor, after a person...

In Chapter 18, Karana comes across a pair of birds who give birth to babies. Karana puts them in a birdcage so that they can stay with her. The birds eventually outgrow the cage, so Karana clips their winds to prevent them from flying away. They take food from Karana’s hand and are eventually tamed to the point that she doesn’t need to clip their wings anymore. One bird she names Tainor, after a person she liked who was killed by the Aleuts. The other bird she calls Lurai, a name she always wanted.


The birds add to the themes of loss and the need for community. At this point in the story, Karana is starting to become self-reliant and achieve a hierarchy of authority by domesticating wild creatures. By not solely relying on senseless killing, Karana begins to develop compassion and love for those around her. By giving each a bird a name that is special to her, Karana is symbolically rebuilding the tribe that she initially lost.

What were three goals of French colonization in the Americas?

One crucial goal of French colonization was to tap into the rich fur trade that was available in modern-day Canada and the Northeast. To this end, French companies chartered by the Crown sent traders to trade with Natives, particularly Algonquian peoples around the Great Lakes. Another motive was to spread Catholicism. Many French Jesuit priests ministered to Indian peoples throughout New France and Louisiana, the massive tract of land to the west of the Mississippi...

One crucial goal of French colonization was to tap into the rich fur trade that was available in modern-day Canada and the Northeast. To this end, French companies chartered by the Crown sent traders to trade with Natives, particularly Algonquian peoples around the Great Lakes. Another motive was to spread Catholicism. Many French Jesuit priests ministered to Indian peoples throughout New France and Louisiana, the massive tract of land to the west of the Mississippi River. Unlike Spanish priests, who had frequently provoked resentment and even rebellions by their insistence that Indian peoples adhere to a dogmatic form of Christianity, French Jesuits converted them on their own terms, but still with limited success. Finally, a third motive for French settlement was to check English expansion in North America. This was especially true in the Ohio Valley, which became a scene of conflict that would lead to the Seven Years' War, a massive global conflict involving France and Great Britain. Indeed, it was the culmination of years of frontier conflict between France (and its Indian allies) and Britain and its colonies.

Wednesday 26 July 2017

Give an example of final causality in human action and in the action of non-rational animals. Is it reasonable today to assert that final causality...

Final causality refers to Aristotle’s theory of the four causes. These are four types of explanations of change or movement. The fourth cause is the end or purpose (telos), that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done. According to Aristotle, a seed has as its end to become an adult plant. In human action, the final causality of a man walking could be to stay fit. In the animal...

Final causality refers to Aristotle’s theory of the four causes. These are four types of explanations of change or movement. The fourth cause is the end or purpose (telos), that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done. According to Aristotle, a seed has as its end to become an adult plant. In human action, the final causality of a man walking could be to stay fit. In the animal world, the final causality of a dog barking could be to scare away a potential threat.  


Some mistakenly believe Aristotle’s theory of final causality reads human purposes and intentions into the natural world. Rather, this teleological view of the natural world means that whatever lies at the end of the typical developmental changes of a species is its final causality.


In scientific fields, teleological explanations have gone out of favor and are often deliberately avoided because conclusions about final and formal causation are often faulty or subjective. Instead, scientific explanations tend to focus more on material and efficient explanations. In evolutionary biology, however, teleological language is still used to describe natural tendencies toward particular end conditions.


Regarding final causality in the activity of inanimate things, this view can still be regarded as reasonable because it does not posit that inanimate things have a consciousness of purpose. Rather, an inanimate process can have a final purpose. For example, rain falling to the earth is not consciously aware of its purpose but still serves the final purpose of hydrating plants.

Tuesday 25 July 2017

In The Great Gatsby, how was Jordan Baker cynical and self-centered?

Jordan Baker is very cynical and self-centered.  Nick initially describes her, like Daisy, as having "impersonal eyes," that don't seem to ever be very pleased with anything.  Later, he says that she has a "contemptuous expression" that had looked out at him from several newspapers as a result of her golf celebrity.  To be both impersonal and contemptuous implies that she looks down on everything and everyone around her, that she believes herself to be...

Jordan Baker is very cynical and self-centered.  Nick initially describes her, like Daisy, as having "impersonal eyes," that don't seem to ever be very pleased with anything.  Later, he says that she has a "contemptuous expression" that had looked out at him from several newspapers as a result of her golf celebrity.  To be both impersonal and contemptuous implies that she looks down on everything and everyone around her, that she believes herself to be better than it and they, and so she keeps the world at somewhat of a distance because it isn't worth her getting to know it. 


After the confrontation between Tom and Gatsby, Nick says of Jordan that, unlike Daisy, she "was too wise to ever carry well-forgotten dreams from age to age."  One of the few likable things about Daisy is the way she behaves with Gatsby prior to this confrontation, as though she believed for a time that it was possible to go back to the way they were.  Jordan, however, is far too cynical to every think such a thing is possible, and so she lacks even this small bit of idealism and romanticism that makes Daisy seem more relatable (for a while). 

Who are the characters in I Was Told to Come Alone?

The characters in I Was Told to Come Alone by Souad Mekhennet include the author herself, her family, her colleagues, and her interview subjects.

Souad Mekhennet is the author, narrator, and the primary character in the book. She's a German woman of Morrocan and Turkish descent born to immigrant parents in Frankfurt in the late 1970's. Growing up, she witnesses the spread of anti-Muslim sentiment in the West and the changes in the Muslim communities that result. It fills her with fear, but she resolves to fight back against it.


After her first internship at a newspaper, she attends college and begins working as a journalist. She covers stories all over the world, working for newspapers like The New York Times and The Washington Post. As she travels, she is granted interviews that other Western journalists couldn't get, including meetings with ISIS and Al-Qaeda leadership. 


Throughout the book, Mekhennet seeks to uncover the roots of radicalization and condemns both anti-Muslim hate in the West and anti-West attitudes in the Middle East. She believes that the two cultures need to have a better understanding of each other and that discovering why people are radicalized is one way to help prevent it. 


Aydanur is Mekhennet's mother. She was born in Turkey and moved to Germany when she was 19. She says that her mother "had long hair that she didn't cover with a scarf, and she liked to wear skirts that showed off her legs." Mekhennet's father, Boujema, came to Germany from Morocco around the same time. He worked as a cook when he was young and met Aydanur through an older friend.


Fatima and Hannan are Mekhennet's older sisters. 


Mekhennet's grandmother lives in Morrocco. She says she's "very strong-willed and never let anybody boss her around." Mekhennet later views this as favorable compared to her father, who she says was often bossed around and mistreated by his bosses and supervisors when she was young. 


Mrs. Weiss, who lives in the same apartment building as Mekhennet when she's a teenager, lived through the Holocaust. She warns Mekhennet to stay safe and keep her family safe when the riots in East Germany intensify. She says that "right-wing groups attacked workers from Vietnam and Mozambique."


Michael Moss is a reporter at The New York Times who Mekhennet describes as "a friendly silver-haired Californian now living in Brooklyn." They work together for years and they become very close friends. She says he helped her learn how to approach her stories from different vantages and how to better find information. They both worked for the investigative unit. 


Shaker al-Abssi is a Palestinian militant. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, was an associate of his. Abssi refuses an interview with Mekhennet but agrees to have tea with her. She's told that he refuses, as a rule, to speak with any journalists—especially Western ones—so she's lucky to have gotten a meeting. She describes the meeting as a mixture of interrogation and discussion, but she also makes the armed men in the room laugh. Later, he agrees to give her an interview after she doesn't publish details of their conversation over tea, as requested. 


Serce is the pseudonym of a friend of Mekhennet's, who calls her for help when her nephew Pero leaves Germany and travels to Syria to join the jihadis. His mother is named Bagica and his father is named Mitko; Mitko is Serce's brother. Pero's family travels to Turkey and sets up a meeting with him, then takes him by force to keep him away from the jihadis. He returns to Germany and is arrested there. His family works hard to help him heal and return to a normal life in German society. When Mekhennet sees him more than a year later, he's in modern and trendy clothes and walking hand-in-hand with a girl whose hair isn't covered. He looks happy and reminds her of the little boy he once was. She notes, however, that some of his friends later leave Germany to join the group Pero left for; some leave to join ISIS, which was just beginning. 

Monday 24 July 2017

What is the definition of deviance?

In sociology, deviance is defined as a type of behavior which elicits a negative response from society. In other words, when a person violates a norm (a social and cultural expectation), we call this a deviant act.


Some examples of deviance include rape, murder, arson and robbery. Not all deviance is this serious, however. Binge drinking or being sexually promiscuous, for example, are not against the law, but they are considered to be deviant acts...

In sociology, deviance is defined as a type of behavior which elicits a negative response from society. In other words, when a person violates a norm (a social and cultural expectation), we call this a deviant act.


Some examples of deviance include rape, murder, arson and robbery. Not all deviance is this serious, however. Binge drinking or being sexually promiscuous, for example, are not against the law, but they are considered to be deviant acts because they elicit a strong moral response from society since they violate socially acceptable standards of behavior.


Deviance does, however, vary across time and place. What one society judges to be deviant, for instance, might not be considered deviant in another. Similarly, our ideas about deviance can change over time. In the 19th century, for example, women were negatively judged for dressing in anything but a modest way. In modern society, however, women are not held to the same standards.


Deviance, therefore, is an action which violates social norms and which provokes a strong moral reaction. Deviance also varies from time and place. 


For more information on deviance, please see the reference link provided.

What is the name of the first president of India?

The first President of the independent Republic of India was Rajendra Prasad. He first became president in 1950, and served in this position for twelve years, until a year before his death in 1963. He was re-elected in 1952, and again in 1957, an achievement that remains unsurpassed to this day.

Born in 1884 in Bihar province, Rajendra Prasad quickly established himself as a highly intelligent young boy. While still a student he became deeply involved in politics; at this time a growing Indian Nationalist movement was developing to challenge British imperial rule. After graduating, however, Prasad followed a more traditional career path, becoming first a Professor of English at a college, and then later a very successful lawyer.


It was while working as a lawyer that Prasad became more closely involved with the nascent Indian Nationalist movement. He met Gandhi, and was highly impressed both with his ideas and his demeanor. Indeed, Gandhi made such an impression on Prasad that he gave up his lucrative law practice to participate in the campaign of mass civil disobedience against British rule begun by the Mahatma. But Gandhi's influence on Prasad extended beyond mere politics. Prasad began to adopt the kind of ascetic lifestyle made famous by Gandhi, a far cry from his previous life as a member of India's educated elite.


Over the years, Prasad's involvement with politics deepened further. He was elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1934, and subsequently played a key role in Gandhi's anti-imperialist "Quit India" campaign. Not long before independence was finally granted, Prasad briefly served as a minister in the interim government of Jawaharlal Nehru, who would go on to become the first Prime Minister of the newly independent India.


Prasad was a leading figure in the framing of the Indian Constitution, a task he combined with his formal role as President of the Constituent Assembly. Then, in 1950, Rajendra Prasad became the first President of the Republic of India. The role was, and is, largely that of a non-partisan figurehead. The President of India does not have executive power in the same sense as the President of the United States, for example.


President Prasad became an ambassador for the newly independent state, touring the world and making important diplomatic connections with other countries. He was the public face of India, and his obvious intelligence, congeniality, and wisdom endeared him to many.


Rajendra Prasad passed away in 1963, not long after receiving the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award and equivalent to the Presidential Medal of Freedom in the United States. The award of this great honor showed the enormous esteem in which Prasad was widely held, an esteem which still persists to the present day.

Why is the Hawaiian revolution important in U.S. History?

The Hawaiian Revolution is important in United States history. This revolution opened the door for the United States to get control over Hawaii. When the Hawaiian economy declined in the 1890s, the Queen tried to increase her power in Hawaii. Many of the planters opposed this and revolted against her rule. With the support of the United States, she was removed from power.


When the Spanish-American War occurred, we used the naval base at Pearl...

The Hawaiian Revolution is important in United States history. This revolution opened the door for the United States to get control over Hawaii. When the Hawaiian economy declined in the 1890s, the Queen tried to increase her power in Hawaii. Many of the planters opposed this and revolted against her rule. With the support of the United States, she was removed from power.


When the Spanish-American War occurred, we used the naval base at Pearl Harbor. This naval base was very strategic to any military operations we would conduct in the Pacific Ocean. As a result, when McKinley became President, we annexed Hawaii as a territory. This allowed us to continue to use Hawaii as a naval base, which was critical in World War II. In 1959, Hawaii became the last state to become a part of the United States. The Hawaiian Revolution was the first step to all of these events occurring.

Why was the delegates' meeting for the Constitutional Convention so secretive?

At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Founding Fathers' deliberations were held in total secrecy. The reason for this is that those attending the Convention did not want any information getting out which might lead to misunderstanding or the deliberate distortion of what they were doing. This may seem like an overreaction, but these concerns were perfectly valid under the circumstances. The political atmosphere was deeply acrimonious at the time, with people holding many different...

At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Founding Fathers' deliberations were held in total secrecy. The reason for this is that those attending the Convention did not want any information getting out which might lead to misunderstanding or the deliberate distortion of what they were doing. This may seem like an overreaction, but these concerns were perfectly valid under the circumstances. The political atmosphere was deeply acrimonious at the time, with people holding many different competing visions for what the United States should look like in future. The fierce partisan debate was reflected in the press, which routinely engaged in outright slander against individuals whose positions they disagreed with. In such a toxic environment, it is not surprising that the delegates of the Convention agreed to hold it in secret.


Secrecy allowed the delegates to have a vigorous, open, honest debate without worrying about what their political opponents and scurrilous journalists would say. It also meant that some of the heat could be taken out of an increasingly fractious political environment, greatly conducive to the overall stability of the country. The making of the Constitution was an important business and needed to take place in an appropriately serious atmosphere, one in which differences could reasonably be aired without being subject to the dictates of ill-informed opinion.

How can I compare and contrast the writers' use of style, structure and linguistic features to convey the context, identities, feelings, and...

These two texts are very different. The genre of the first text is a novel or autobiography, and the context is the narrator's experience in a dancing class. The second text is a poem about a man who drowns and the narrator's feeling of drowning. The structures are also very different, as the first text tells a story related to dance class, while the second text narrates a man's experience of drowning. 

The style of narration of each text is also different. The first text is narrated from the point of view of a young person experiencing the events in the tale; for example, the narrator says, "We flapped along twisting each others' fingers off and promising untold horrors as soon as the lesson was over." The narrator explains how the children in the dance class torture each other when they are forced to dance together. The poem is similar to the first text in that it is also narrated in the first person; however, it is not clear who the "I" in the poem is. While the narrator in the first text is not identified, it is clear that he or she is a child who has to endure dance lessons. The narrator of the poem is unidentified. He or she witnesses a man drowning and then says, at the end of the poem, "I was much too far out all my life/And not waving but drowning." The reader understand the narrator's feelings but knows little about him or her.


In the first text, the narrator captures the humiliation and torture of childhood dance lessons with a few very descriptive sentences. The first sentence, "Country dancing was thirty-three rickety kids in black plimsolls and green knickers trying to keep up with Miss who always danced with Sir anyway and never looked at anybody else" conveys the haphazard, embarrassing, and tortured nature of the dance class right away. Using an economy of words, the narrator explains why he or she hates the class. The text uses humor and imagined dialogue, such as, "'What me Miss? No Miss. Oh Miss. I never did.' But I did, I always did," to explain how the narrator explains away his or her antics to the teacher. The addition of "I always did" makes the text darkly funny, as does the description of the different tortures awaiting the girls and boys.


The second text uses a metaphorical image--a man drowning while others think he is waving--to describe the narrator's sense of desperation. The poem starts with a literal drowning and moves to a metaphorical drowning to explain the narrator's emotions. Both texts convey a sense of the narrator's desperation, but the first, a story that is darkly funny, leaves a different sense in the reader's mind than the second text, which is a more metaphorical explanation of the narrator's emotions. The more spare form of the poem presents an image in the reader's mind of a person drowning, and the style of each text affects the reader in different ways. The first text is funnier, while the second text is starker. 

Saturday 22 July 2017

What is so important about the ceremony of twelve?

The Ceremony of Twelve is an annual event which is held in December. It is considered the final ceremony and represents the transition of the children in the Community into adulthood. It is significant for that reason, but also because it marks the differences that exist between individuals in the Community by handing out their "Assignments"—the jobs they will perform for the remainder of their lives.


It is in the Ceremony of Twelve that Jonas's...

The Ceremony of Twelve is an annual event which is held in December. It is considered the final ceremony and represents the transition of the children in the Community into adulthood. It is significant for that reason, but also because it marks the differences that exist between individuals in the Community by handing out their "Assignments"—the jobs they will perform for the remainder of their lives.


It is in the Ceremony of Twelve that Jonas's friend Asher is assigned to be the Assistant Director of Recreation due to his fun-loving nature. Jonas is thereafter informed that he will be the Receiver of Memory—a special position which requires that Jonas must possess courage, intelligence, wisdom, and integrity. This position is the only one in which an individual will experience pain.

Friday 21 July 2017

What did the author want you to think/feel regarding this text

Ray Bradbury’s short story “The Pedestrian” takes place in a dystopian future. It is the year 2053, and the story’s protagonist, Leonard Mead, leaves his house late at night to go for a walk. We quickly discover that, although Leonard walks nightly, his behavior is quite odd in this future: everyone else is at home, watching television. While there are other people in the world, the story is post-apocalyptic in feel. Leonard’s isolation is on...

Ray Bradbury’s short story “The Pedestrian” takes place in a dystopian future. It is the year 2053, and the story’s protagonist, Leonard Mead, leaves his house late at night to go for a walk. We quickly discover that, although Leonard walks nightly, his behavior is quite odd in this future: everyone else is at home, watching television. While there are other people in the world, the story is post-apocalyptic in feel. Leonard’s isolation is on full display for the reader as he sadly wonders what everyone is watching. 


Although science fiction tends to be set in the future, it often helps us see something about our own historical present. “The Pedestrian” warns us about the dehumanizing and antisocial potential of the television. Leonard is a writer, but he has not written in years. We learn that there is no longer any crime because everyone is at home watching television; similarly, there is no longer any need for fiction. This metafictional moment likely produces a sense of sadness for the reader, who is currently reading “The Pedestrian” instead of watching television. In this way, the story invites us to identify with Leonard and his sad fate. By doing so, the story warns us about the dangers of television and the culture that forms around it.

Thursday 20 July 2017

In The Story of My Life by Helen Keller, why does Helen compare herself to a ship in a dense fog?

That passage is very powerful because she is saying that she was quite close to her destiny without being able to know it, just as a ship might be close to land without being able to see it. Her destiny was to meet her teacher, Anne Sullivan. This quote is from the day that Miss Sullivan arrives. Helen is aware that something is about to happen, but she does not know what it is. The...

That passage is very powerful because she is saying that she was quite close to her destiny without being able to know it, just as a ship might be close to land without being able to see it. Her destiny was to meet her teacher, Anne Sullivan. This quote is from the day that Miss Sullivan arrives. Helen is aware that something is about to happen, but she does not know what it is. The entire house is buzzing and preparing and she is anxious because she cannot know what is about to happen or how it will change her life.



"Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. "Light! give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour."



Here she is expressing that she was hopeless prior to her education. She was unable to effectively communicate with her family and they with her. So, she was very much a ship in dense fog, unable to see anything and know what was going on.

Wednesday 19 July 2017

What were some of the main disagreements over the meaning of the Constitution, such as the difference between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson in...

There were disagreements over the meaning of the Constitution. People like Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution. He believed that you can do only what is specifically mentioned in the Constitution. John Adams believed in a loose view of the Constitution. This meant that it is acceptable to interpret the meaning of the Constitution. With this view, it is acceptable to do anything unless the Constitution specifically says it can’t be...

There were disagreements over the meaning of the Constitution. People like Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution. He believed that you can do only what is specifically mentioned in the Constitution. John Adams believed in a loose view of the Constitution. This meant that it is acceptable to interpret the meaning of the Constitution. With this view, it is acceptable to do anything unless the Constitution specifically says it can’t be done. A strict view could limit the power of the federal government while a loose view could increase its power.


One example to use to highlight these differences was the discussion about having a national bank. John Adams supported this idea while Thomas Jefferson opposed it. Jefferson felt it was not acceptable to create a national bank because the Constitution said nothing about having a national bank. John Adams believed it was acceptable to have a national bank because it wasn’t prohibited by the Constitution.

In his "Letter from a Birmingham City Jail," how does King feel about the Birmingham Police Department and how they act “'nonviolently’ in...

In his “Letter from a Birmingham City Jail,” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. says that we should not think highly of the Birmingham city police just because they have acted nonviolently during the recent protests.  Instead, he says, we should realize that their relative nonviolence has been a moral tactic deployed in support of an immoral cause.  We should realize, then, that it is only moral to be nonviolent if one’s goals are worthy.


Just...

In his “Letter from a Birmingham City Jail,” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. says that we should not think highly of the Birmingham city police just because they have acted nonviolently during the recent protests.  Instead, he says, we should realize that their relative nonviolence has been a moral tactic deployed in support of an immoral cause.  We should realize, then, that it is only moral to be nonviolent if one’s goals are worthy.


Just before the passage you cite, King takes issue with the idea that the Birmingham police really are truly nonviolent.  He talks about how they treat black men and women very poorly.  He writes about police “dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes.”  He describes how the police “slap and kick old Negro men and young boys.”  He essentially says that they are not as nonviolent as his critics say they are.


However, King then goes on to admit that the police have been relatively nonviolent with regard to the recent protests.  He says that



the police have exercised a degree of discipline in handling the demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted themselves rather "nonviolently" in public.



Even so, he says, this does not make them worthy of praise.  The fact that they have acted nonviolently does not make them moral.  He points out that the police have acted nonviolently in order to “preserve the evil system of segregation.”  This, he says, makes their actions immoral even though they are nonviolent.  He argues that it is wrong “to use moral means to preserve immoral ends.”  Because the Birmingham police are doing this, King feels that they are immoral even if they are acting relatively “nonviolently” in public.

Tuesday 18 July 2017

Explain what brought about the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

The Panic of 1837, one of the largest economic depressions in American history, was caused when Andrew Jackson did not renew the charter of the Bank of the United States. Instead, he put money into state banks which curried his favor.  These state banks made bad loans and right before the Panic there was a bubble in land speculation.  When the bubble burst, the economy crashed and people blamed Martin Van Buren, Jackson's handpicked successor,...

The Panic of 1837, one of the largest economic depressions in American history, was caused when Andrew Jackson did not renew the charter of the Bank of the United States. Instead, he put money into state banks which curried his favor.  These state banks made bad loans and right before the Panic there was a bubble in land speculation.  When the bubble burst, the economy crashed and people blamed Martin Van Buren, Jackson's handpicked successor, even though it was due to Jackson's fiscal policies.  


The Whig Party started because of Jackson's use of the veto.  Jackson issued more vetoes than any president before him.  They resented that Jackson did not want to use federal dollars on internal improvements.  The Whig Party formed in order to create what would be called the National System, so the nation would become more self-sufficient with tariffs and a national infrastructure.  They also resented Jackson's campaign strategists, who tried to appeal to the common man through parades and barbecues.  Additionally, they resented Jackson's use of what would be called the spoils system, a practice in which Jackson would reward those who helped him win.  The Whig Party would adopt the spoils system for its own use and adopted many of the campaign strategies that they hated about Jackson.  

Sunday 16 July 2017

What is the nature of the Prince of Morocco's personality in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice?

The Prince is, firstly, straightforward and direct. He is also quite honest about what he knows others may think of him. This is apparent from the first few lines of his address to Portia, when he tells her:


Mislike me not for my complexion,
The shadow'd livery of the burnish'd sun,
To whom I am a neighbour and near bred.



He shows an awareness of the prejudice against those who are darker-skinned and asks Portia not to judge him on his skin-colour alone, but that she should bring forth the handsomest of her suitors and that they should draw blood to see whose is the reddest:



Bring me the fairest creature northward born,
Where Phoebus' fire scarce thaws the icicles,
And let us make incision for your love,
To prove whose blood is reddest, his or mine.



The Prince is also clearly somewhat vain, for he declares that the hue of his blood has frightened even the bravest and that the most beautiful virgins of his country also loved his blood. He is obviously quite impressed by his prowess and he proudly proclaims that he would never change his skin tone, except 'to steal' Portia's thoughts. 


The Prince has a generally positive attitude and brags somewhat about his ability as a swordsman and his exaggerated expressions about wolves and bears indicate that he is sure of himself. He is somewhat overwhelmed by his own abilities and wishes to take his chance with the caskets immediately. Portia actually stays his enthusiasm and asks him to first have dinner and try his hand after that.


Further evidence of the Prince's conceit is shown when he ventures to choose a casket. When he reads the inscription on the lead one he states:



A golden mind stoops not to shows of dross;
I'll then nor give nor hazard aught for lead.



The fact that he believes his mind 'golden' indicates that he sees himself as highly intelligent and that lead is beneath him and he therefore rejects it outright. He continues in the same vein when he is confronted by the silver casket which states that the one who chooses it will get as much as he deserves. The Prince believes he deserves Portia for they are equal in wealth and status. He also deserves to be paid in kind for his love. He is, however, fearful of selecting this casket because he later reasons that it is ten times less the value of gold. 


He eventually chooses the gold casket since he believes Portia is worth her value in the metal and he, obviously, deserves only the best. Finally, the Prince proves that he is a true gentleman for he states:



Portia, adieu. I have too grieved a heart
To take a tedious leave: thus losers part.



His departure is not as abrupt as that of the other suitors who essentially leave without saying a word.

Why does Nick tell Gatsby's story in The Great Gatsby?

Nick tells the story of Jay Gatsby because he is arguably the most objective character in the novel. Also, since he has no previous knowledge of Gatsby, Nick can narrate in less of a chronological order than one would expect from those who have been acquainted with him.


As the readers learn about Gatsby in bits and pieces of background mixed with current knowledge, Nick tells readers about Gatsby in non-linear order that is typical...

Nick tells the story of Jay Gatsby because he is arguably the most objective character in the novel. Also, since he has no previous knowledge of Gatsby, Nick can narrate in less of a chronological order than one would expect from those who have been acquainted with him.


As the readers learn about Gatsby in bits and pieces of background mixed with current knowledge, Nick tells readers about Gatsby in non-linear order that is typical of the Modernist movement in literature. In addition, this style of narration also seems more believable because this is the order in which one normally learns about someone. And, for Nick to repeat the fabrications of Jay--such as his war record--lends a trust factor to the narration because he is more naive about Gatsby than others. As he declares, "I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known."


In addition, Nick is a person whom others trust. However, Nick, too, becomes entangled as his own romantic naivete causes him to give more credibility to Gatsby than he would any other character or would an omniscient narrator. Yet, this credibility of Gatsby makes him "great," a man who believes that he can repeat the past and improve upon it.


With the assistance of Nick Carraway as narrator, Gatsby comes alive as a romantic hero. In Chapter Four, Nick narrates,



Then it had not been merely the stars to which he had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor.



But, this romantic hero deteriorates for Nick, and he becomes disillusioned, thinking of returning to the Midwest where he can "run faster" and transcend the past and recreate the past.

Friday 14 July 2017

Explain how voluntary and popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups sought to change American Society and institutions in the...

There were many attempts to reform society in the period from 1800–1850. One area of reform was in the area of education. Horace Mann worked hard to make changes in the field of education, especially in Massachusetts. He began the normal school movement that was designed to train teachers to teach. He expanded the school year to six months and worked to improve the curriculum. He also believed in free public schools.


Another area of...

There were many attempts to reform society in the period from 1800–1850. One area of reform was in the area of education. Horace Mann worked hard to make changes in the field of education, especially in Massachusetts. He began the normal school movement that was designed to train teachers to teach. He expanded the school year to six months and worked to improve the curriculum. He also believed in free public schools.


Another area of reform was the abolitionist movement. People like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass wrote newspapers encouraging the end of slavery. Garrison started the American Anti-Slavery Society and the New England Anti-Slavery Society. These people worked to bring an end to slavery.


Dorothea Dix wanted to help the mentally ill and those people who were in prison. She believed it was wrong to put people in jail because they were mentally ill. She also felt prisoners were living in horrible conditions and that was not acceptable.


There were people who wanted to reduce or end drinking. This movement, called the temperance movement, had some successes at the state level.


The women’s rights movement focused on getting women equal rights. At the Seneca Falls Convention, women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott called for women to have the same rights as men.

Give a brief account on Shakespearean sonnets as a departure from Petrarchan tradition.

If I understand your question correctly, you are asking for an explanation on how Shakespeare revised the format of a sonnet from its pre-existing form as a Petrarchan sonnet. 


First of all, let's discuss what Shakespeare retained of the original version. Both varieties of sonnet use iambic pentameter for their rhythm, and both contain a total of 14 lines. However, from there, they begin to diverge: 



  • Stanzas:The Petrarchan stanza is composed of two stanzas,...

If I understand your question correctly, you are asking for an explanation on how Shakespeare revised the format of a sonnet from its pre-existing form as a Petrarchan sonnet. 


First of all, let's discuss what Shakespeare retained of the original version. Both varieties of sonnet use iambic pentameter for their rhythm, and both contain a total of 14 lines. However, from there, they begin to diverge: 



  • Stanzas: The Petrarchan stanza is composed of two stanzas, an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (14 lines). The Shakespearean stanza has four stanzas: three quatrains (4 lines) and one couplet (2 lines).


  • Rhyme Scheme: Petrarchan sonnets have the following rhyme scheme: ABBAABBA/CDECDE. Shakespearean sonnets are more diverse, using ABAB/CDCD/EFEF/GG. 


  • Content: In a Petrarchan sonnet, the octave tends to present a situation or dilemma, and then the sestet concludes or resolves it. Shakespearean sonnets, having more parts, first introduce a conflict or situation, then expand upon it, next introduce some sort of twist or unexpected element, and finally conclude or resolve the matter.  

So in debate class we have a game called the balloon game. Everyone picks any one person, alive or dead, but real, and argues why they should stay...

There are so many possible answers to this question!  Here are some possibilities.  I will focus on figures from Europe and America since those regions have dominated the world for most of the last 500 years.

  • Jesus or Saint Paul.  Christianity has been one of the major forces in the world, particularly in Europe.  It helped to create Western civilization (which has dominated the world for the most part) and it helped bring about such things as the Age of Exploration.  We can credit Jesus with starting the religion or St. Paul since he was the main force that we know of behind the spread of the faith.

  • Martin Luther.  Luther was one of the most important figures behind the Protestant Reformation.   The Reformation redrew the map of Europe and introduced religious conflict into that region.  These conflicts had a profound effect on the development of Europe.

  • Karl Marx.  It is not clear that we can say that Marx’s influence on history has been positive, but it has been important.  Marx’s ideas gave rise to socialism and communism.  These ideologies brought about the Cold War and they helped to shape conflicts within industrialized societies.

  • George Washington.  Washington was important for the major role he played in bringing about American independence.  Perhaps more importantly, he was instrumental in making the US a democracy.  By giving up the presidency and retiring, he helped ensure that the US would really be a democracy and not a country ruled by a series of strong men.  This was important because America’s democracy has helped to shape the world, particularly in the last 100 years or so.

There are any number of other people you could mention.  You could mention James Watt or Henry Ford as examples of people who drove industrialization in the Western world.  You could mention Abraham Lincoln for his role in keeping the US together and in ending slavery.  You could mention figures like Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, or Emmeline Pankhurst as people who led struggles for the rights of oppressed groups. Any of these would be defensible choices.  Who will you choose?

Thursday 13 July 2017

How do you write a summary for Frindle.

The book "Frindle," by Andrew Clemens, tells the story of creative fifth-grader Nick Allen challenging his strict, traditional language arts teacher, Mrs. Granger. Nick and his classmates are bored by Mrs. Granger's reliance on the dictionary for teaching, but when Nick begins learning about the origin of words, he realizes inventing a new word could challenge his teacher's fixation on dictionary definitions. The word Nick invents is "frindle," which means "pen." The word begins spreading...

The book "Frindle," by Andrew Clemens, tells the story of creative fifth-grader Nick Allen challenging his strict, traditional language arts teacher, Mrs. Granger. Nick and his classmates are bored by Mrs. Granger's reliance on the dictionary for teaching, but when Nick begins learning about the origin of words, he realizes inventing a new word could challenge his teacher's fixation on dictionary definitions. The word Nick invents is "frindle," which means "pen." The word begins spreading much more rapidly than Nick had expected. Soon his entire school begins using the word, then his town, and the word quickly continues spreading from there. Mrs. Granger attempts to punish her students for using the word, but soon enough all of them begin using it. Nick's family and teachers step in to try to stop the phenomenon he created, but it has spread far beyond Nick's influence at that point. The epilogue of the book shows Mrs. Granger sending Nick the latest edition of the dictionary, which contains the word "frindle," and claims in an attached letter that she resisted the spread of the word only to increase its popularity.

What are two main themes in the poem "Bullocky," and how has author conveyed them through use of various literary devices?

A "bullocky" is a slang Australian expression for a cattle drover. The poem as a whole can be seen as a somewhat ambiguous tribute to the first white European settlers in Australia, who often made their living as cattle farmers in the hard, dusty outback.

One of the major themes of the poem is the sacredness of the land. By comparing the everyman persona of the cattle drover to Moses, Wright seeks to endow the relationship of the settlers to the land with a quasi-mythical status. The particular literary device being used here is an allusion. These hardy souls are not just making a living; they have crossed into the Promised Land.


There is a hint here that the land was already sacred before the white settlers arrived. For instance, the bullocky, sitting by a campfire at night, hears the sound of centuries of cattle-bells. As only the indigenous population of Australia had been driving their cattle for such a long time, we can hear the echo of their presence in the surrounding landscape. Such an inference would be entirely consistent with other poems in Wright's oeuvre, which often display an acute sensitivity to the land claims of indigenous Australians.


A second theme emerging from the poem is one closely related to the first, that of belonging. We must not forget to whom this land originally belonged. Returning to the faint echo of cattle-bells, it is instructive that Wright refers to the noise as an "uneasy" sound. The presence of the indigenous Australians echoes and haunts the land now occupied by the newcomers from Europe.


The plow "strikes bone beneath the grass." In the poem's overall context, this could be the bone of an indigenous Australian. If that is indeed the case, then the symbolism is striking. The white Europeans' technological advances are literally riding roughshod over ancient burial grounds, profaning the sacred land. However, Wright sees, nonetheless, some hope for a possible accommodation between the two cultures:



O vine, grow close upon that bone
and hold it with your rooted hand.



Wright here employs the vocative, a device used for addressing a person or thing directly. It is a common trope used in rhetoric, which is appropriate here as the author tries to persuade others of the justness of her case. Wright's use of the vocative also relates to the first main theme, namely, the sacredness of the soil, for the vocative is often used in poetry for elevated subjects of great solemnity. 


The vine represents the culture of the white European settlers; the bone, as we have already seen, is that of the indigenous population. Wright is issuing a plea that the white settlers should remain respectful of the land, a land which, morally and culturally, is not really theirs.

Wednesday 12 July 2017

What are some of the most compelling issues concerning the Christian faith that the skeptic will be forced to consider as a consequence of reading...

It's first important to note that Lewis, basing the book on radio talks aimed at a mass audience, doesn't stray from  standard Christian theology. "Mere" Christianity is orthodox Christianity. As such it challenges skeptics in essential ways. At its core, what might be most compelling to the skeptic is not Lewis's theology but his method: he is using logical, rational argumentation to show that, in his opinion, Christianity makes sense and is compatible with a...

It's first important to note that Lewis, basing the book on radio talks aimed at a mass audience, doesn't stray from  standard Christian theology. "Mere" Christianity is orthodox Christianity. As such it challenges skeptics in essential ways. At its core, what might be most compelling to the skeptic is not Lewis's theology but his method: he is using logical, rational argumentation to show that, in his opinion, Christianity makes sense and is compatible with a rationally ordered universe. He is not saying one merely has to accept Christian doctrine because "the Bible says so." Even when he says he accepts certain Christian doctrine on "authority," he offers a chain of logical reasons for doing so. Relentlessly throughout the book, he offers reasoning the skeptic can think about and argue with. Among other claims, Lewis asserts the following:


  • That moral law exists as fully as physical law as part of the fabric of universal reality and that it proves that God exists. Lewis says that we humans have a universal sense of right and wrong and a yearning to see justice enacted that can only have been implanted by a deity. Our "natural" sense of moral right and wrong thus proves God's existence.

  • That Jesus Christ really was the son of God and not merely a charlatan or madman "lunatic." Once again, Lewis lays out a logical, three-part argument for this and offers rational reasons for choosing the first option. 

  • That Christians are imperfect but that fact doesn't negate the faith: "a Christian is not a man[sic] who never does wrong ..."

  • That God did come to earth (become incarnate) as a human being to atone for human sin and that this worked. Lewis likens atonement to nutrition. We don't know exactly how either one works and there are rival theories but we all agree "if you are tired and hungry, a meal will do you good."

  • That humans cannot fully grasp the logic or the magnitude of the divine gift of atonement, but can accept it. This is an arguably post-modern argument that our logical constructs are kluges with limitations that ultimately collapse under the weight of their own contradictions--but Lewis argues, the truth is still out there and we can accept it gratefully, if not with full comprehension.

  • That human traits such as pride and love are spiritually undergirded: pride is the great sin ("the utmost vice") dividing humans and love ("a state not of feelings but of the will"; the determination to act charitably) the great secret holding the universe together. A skeptic might find it compelling to think about how simple, concrete behaviors could have an outsize impact on the cosmos.

In the end, Lewis's Christian claims about the reality of God, sin, and atonement might not persuade the skeptic, but his logical argumentation provides a framework that offers food for thought.

The ghetto was ruled by neither German or Jew. How does this describe the Nazi regime in Sighet?

The exact line from Elie Wiesel's Night is:


The ghetto was ruled by neither German nor Jew; it was ruled by delusion.


This statement is meant to be taken figuratively, not literally. The Germans were, of course, in overall charge of the ghetto, exercising the power of life and death over everyone forced to lived there. In turn, the Nazis appointed a Jewish Council to carry out the day-to-day Administration of the ghetto. But this...

The exact line from Elie Wiesel's Night is:



The ghetto was ruled by neither German nor Jew; it was ruled by delusion.



This statement is meant to be taken figuratively, not literally. The Germans were, of course, in overall charge of the ghetto, exercising the power of life and death over everyone forced to lived there. In turn, the Nazis appointed a Jewish Council to carry out the day-to-day Administration of the ghetto. But this wasn't about giving Jews any real power over their own lives; it was simply a sinister ploy by the Nazis to make it easier to control the Jewish population in preparation for its subsequent deportation to Auschwitz.


What Wiesel is referring to, in my opinion, is the prevailing spirit within the ghetto. Effectively, the Jews are living in denial as to the full scale of the horrors that the Nazis are inflicting upon them. It is a common human reaction for people to be in denial when something terrible is happening to them. It's a subconscious way of dealing with something too horrific to comprehend. Many people in the ghetto think that this is just a passing phase and that everything will eventually work out for the best. As the Jews now have nothing left, they cling to their delusions ever more tenaciously, hoping that they will somehow get through this terrible ordeal in the end.

What happens when ATP is broken down ?

ATP is a molecule belonging to the family of nucleotide triphosphates. It contains a purine base called adenosine (hence the A), a five carbon sugar called ribose and three phosphate groups (hence the TP). The five carbon sugar can also be deoxyribose when ATP is used as a building block for DNA.


One of the main functions of ATP is to be a source/storage of energy that is used to aid in many cellular functions....

ATP is a molecule belonging to the family of nucleotide triphosphates. It contains a purine base called adenosine (hence the A), a five carbon sugar called ribose and three phosphate groups (hence the TP). The five carbon sugar can also be deoxyribose when ATP is used as a building block for DNA.


One of the main functions of ATP is to be a source/storage of energy that is used to aid in many cellular functions. The bonds among the phosphate groups are considered to be "high energy bonds" and their hydrolysis (or breakdown) releases energy. The breakdown of the first phosphate results in the formation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + phosphate. Further breakdown of the two remaining phosphates results in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) + phosphate and then adenosine + phosphate. Most cellular reactions that require energy do so by utilizing ATP as a coenzyme and the energy needed is obtained from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + phosphate.


ATP can also be used by a family of enzymes collectively called kinases to add phosphate groups to other molecules. This is also done by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + phosphate but the phosphate, instead of being liberated, is added to another molecule.

Monday 10 July 2017

`y=lnx , [1,5]` Find the arc length of the curve over the given interval.

 Arc length of curve can be denoted as "`S` ". We can determine it by using integral formula on a closed interval [a,b] as: `S = int_a^b ds`


where:


`ds = sqrt(1+ ((dy)/(dx))^2 )dx`  ` if y=f(x)`


or


`ds = sqrt(1+((dx)/(dy))^2) dy if x=h(y)`


`a` = lower boundary of the closed interval


`b` =upper boundary of the closed interval



From the given problem: `y =ln(x), [1,5]` , we determine that the boundary values are:


...

 Arc length of curve can be denoted as "`S` ". We can determine it by using integral formula on a closed interval [a,b] as: `S = int_a^b ds`


where:


`ds = sqrt(1+ ((dy)/(dx))^2 )dx`  ` if y=f(x)`


or


`ds = sqrt(1+((dx)/(dy))^2) dy if x=h(y)`


`a` = lower boundary of the closed interval


`b` =upper boundary of the closed interval



From the given problem: `y =ln(x), [1,5]` , we determine that the boundary values are:


`a= 1` and `b=5`


Note that `y= ln(x)` follows `y=f(x)` then the formula we will follow can be expressed as `S =int_a^bsqrt(1+ ((dy)/(dx))^2 )dx`


For the derivative of ` y` or `(dy)/(dx)` , we apply the derivative formula for logarithm:


`d/(dx)y= d/(dx) ln(x)`


`(dy)/(dx)= 1/x`


 Then` ((dy)/(dx))^2= (1/x)^2`  or `1/x^2` .


Plug-in the values  on integral formula for arc length of a curve, we get:


`S =int_1^5sqrt(1+1/x^2 )dx`


Let `1 = x^2/x^2` then we get:


`S=int_1^5sqrt(x^2/x+1/x^2 )dx`


    `=int_1^5sqrt((x^2+1)/x^2 )dx`


    `=int_1^5sqrt(x^2+1)/sqrt(x^2 )dx`


    `=int_1^5sqrt(x^2+1)/sqrt(x^2 )dx`


    `=int_1^5sqrt(x^2+1)/xdx`


From the integration table,  we follow the formula for rational function with roots:


`int sqrt(x^2+a^2)/x dx = sqrt(x^2+a^2)-a*ln|(a+sqrt(x^2+a^2))/x|` .


Applying the integral formula with a^2=1 then a=1, we get:


`int_1^5sqrt(x^2+1)/xdx = [sqrt(x^2+1)-1*ln|(1+sqrt(x^2+1))/x|]|_1^5`


                     `= [sqrt(x^2+1)-ln|(1+sqrt(x^2+1))/x|]|_1^5`


Apply the definite integral formula: `F(x)|_a^b= F(b)-F(a)` .


`[sqrt(x^2+1)-ln|(1+sqrt(x^2+1))/x|]|_1^5`


`=[sqrt(5^2+1)-ln|(1+sqrt(5^2+1))/5|]-[sqrt(1^2+1)-ln|(1+sqrt(1^2+1))/1|]`


`=[sqrt(25+1)-ln|(1+sqrt(25+1))/5|]-[sqrt(1+1)-ln|(1+sqrt(1+1))/1|]`


`=[sqrt(26)-ln|(1+sqrt(26))/5|]-[sqrt(2)-ln|1+sqrt(2)|]`


`=sqrt(26)-ln|(1+sqrt(26))/5| -sqrt(2)+ln|1+sqrt(2)|`


Apply logarithm property: `ln(x)-ln(y) = ln(x/y)` .


`S =sqrt(26)-sqrt(2)+ln|1+sqrt(2)|-ln|(1+sqrt(26))/5|`


`S =sqrt(26)-sqrt(2)+ln|(1+sqrt(2))/(((1+sqrt(26))/5))|`


`S =sqrt(26)-sqrt(2)+ln|(5*(1+sqrt(2)))/(1+sqrt(26))|`


`S =sqrt(26)-sqrt(2)+ln|(5+5sqrt(2))/(1+sqrt(26))|` 


`S~~4.37`

Sunday 9 July 2017

What does James Baldwin’s essay “Everybody’s Protest Novel” reveal about his expectations of protest literature?

Put simply, the essay "Everybody's Protest Novel" displays a profound hostility toward protest literature and a deep skepticism toward its capacity to engender wider social change. The main thrust of Baldwin's criticism is that protest literature grossly simplifies what is often a complex dynamic at work in racial power relations. Instead, we are served up an unappetizing dish of sentimentality, an ostentatious display of emotion that makes us feel good about ourselves. Baldwin witheringly condenses the governing sentimentality of the protest novel down to the following line from Uncle Tom's Cabin: "This is perfectly horrible! You ought to be ashamed of yourselves!"

There is no humanity in the genre. Instead, there is merely a parade of stock characters and stereotypes that reinforce existing race relations rather than challenge them. The protest novel imbues us with a sense of moral complacency. It makes us feel safe and secure in our little world while we peer through the glass at the poor, benighted Negroes being so abominably treated by Bad Men. The act of publishing protest novels becomes an excuse for inertia, an excuse for not actually doing anything about the conditions that give rise to the social problems treated so glibly by these poorly written, sentimental books. As a liberal once said to Baldwin, "As long as such books are being published, everything will be all right."


Protest novels also reinforce the pernicious myth that the races exist in different realities. They do not. They live under the same sky, in the same society, and are bound together by the same beliefs. The failure to admit to this basic point leads in two dangerous directions. On one hand, it can lead to the kind of moral smugness and superficial concern for African Americans (or others who find themselves on the wrong side of unfair race relations). On the other hand, it can lead to delusional fantasies among African American thinkers and activists in the building of a new society. Such thinking, Baldwin argues, leads to the erroneous conclusion that inequality will be abolished or that the oppressor and the oppressed will simply change places, perpetuating injustice and interracial conflict.


We need to transcend this one-dimensional portrait of protest novels and what Baldwin describes as the "raging, paranoiac" literature of oppression all too often written by African American authors. We must look life squarely in the face with all its power, beauty, and horror. Protest novels cannot do this; in simplifying and sanitizing the truth, they give a skewed portrait of life as it is. They cannot give us the complex insight into human nature demanded of a genuine work of enduring literature. Nor can it provide the motivation to inspire any real transformative action in the political sphere. The protest novel, then, provides us with the worst of both worlds. The false clarity it gives us will always be worse than true complexity.

In the following scenarios, use the framework for identifying business/legal issues to identify, explain and provide a solution for each: Example...

In the scenario described in each situation, we are determining if the driver was negligent as a result of his actions. Negligence exists when a person fails to take reasonable actions to prevent harm to another person. Negligence can occur if a person does something that a person normally would not do or if a person fails to take actions that could prevent harm from occurring.


In the first scenario, the driver would not be...

In the scenario described in each situation, we are determining if the driver was negligent as a result of his actions. Negligence exists when a person fails to take reasonable actions to prevent harm to another person. Negligence can occur if a person does something that a person normally would not do or if a person fails to take actions that could prevent harm from occurring.


In the first scenario, the driver would not be negligent. The driver was following the law by driving when the light was green for him. The pedestrian was the one who was not following the law by crossing on the red light. As a result, the pedestrian’s actions caused his injuries. It would not be reasonable to expect a driver to expect a pedestrian to cross the street when the light is red for the pedestrian.


In the second situation, the driver would be responsible for the injuries that were caused. The actions of the delivery driver were not reasonable. It was his actions that caused him to hit the second vehicle. The driver would be responsible for the expenses incurred by the injured person and possibly for the loss of wages if the person had a job. Punitive damages might also apply in this case since the driver’s actions seemed deliberate. The delivery driver also would be responsible for damages to the vehicle of the other driver.


In the third situation, the delivery driver would be negligent. During a snowstorm, a driver must drive slowly enough in order to be able to stop his vehicle when necessary. In this case, the delivery driver was not able to stop his vehicle, causing both bodily and property damage. The driver would be responsible for damages to repair the building and for the medical expenses of the injured employee. The driver might also be responsible for the lost wages of the employee.

Saturday 8 July 2017

What do Simon and Rosh have in common? How are they different?

Simon and Rosh are both extremely driven by their personal beliefs. Simon is one of Jesus's twelve disciples, often titled "Simon the Zealot." It's important to note this because there were two disciples named Simon—Simon Peter, who walked on water with Jesus, and Simon, known as the Zealot. This story includes the character of Simon the Zealot.

Zealots refer to early (first-century) Jewish people who were seeking to overthrow the Roman government. They were rebel leaders who believed that the Roman government was encouraging people to stray away from God. They were so passionate about their beliefs that they were willing to do just about anything, including acts of violence, to overthrow the new political leaders.


Simon the Zealot, however, was passionate but not violent in his pursuit of political and religious change. He was striving for freedom from Rome, but his goal was to act in love, like Jesus taught, rather than through violent acts. Because he met Jesus, he no longer believed that violence was the answer. He realized that his faith, as an Israelite, was changing because of Jesus's teachings. His beliefs were radically changed because of his relationship with Jesus. Daniel, however, still wants to use violence to aim for revolution. He wants to seek revenge for the horrible acts that the Romans committed that affected his family and friends. After meeting Jesus, Simon works for love and peace. His zealousness, or passion, is turned toward spreading God's love and grace.


Rosh, too, is a leader, but he leads a group of rebels. For a while, when Daniel ran away from his master, Rosh cared for his needs. Daniel views Rosh as a good man at the start of the story, just as he views Simon the Zealot as a good man. As time goes on, though, Daniel realizes that Rosh's violent pursuit of freedom is not what he agrees with. He sees how selfish Rosh's pursuit is, especially when Rosh refuses to help free Joel from the Romans. His selfishness contrasts greatly with Simon the Zealot's love (that he adopted from Jesus's teachings).


While both leaders greatly impact the story, sometimes seek to help others, and are pursuing freedom from Roman rule, Rosh always pursues this freedom through violent rebellion. Simon the Zealot may have once thought that violence was the answer but realizes that love is the true answer when he meets and follows Jesus. Daniel, the protagonist of the story, agrees with Simon Zealot that love is the path to true freedom by the end of the novel.

Friday 7 July 2017

What is the message Edwin Brock is trying to convey in his poem "Five Ways to Kill a Man"?

The poem "Five Ways to Kill a Man" by Edwin Brock consists of five stanzas, each discussing ways of killing people common in specific historical periods. It takes the form of a dramatic monologue in which the narrator appears to be discussing the matter with a cool, almost clinical precision. It is not an instruction manual on how to kill people but a meditation on human cruelty, conveying the message that our apparent progress in...

The poem "Five Ways to Kill a Man" by Edwin Brock consists of five stanzas, each discussing ways of killing people common in specific historical periods. It takes the form of a dramatic monologue in which the narrator appears to be discussing the matter with a cool, almost clinical precision. It is not an instruction manual on how to kill people but a meditation on human cruelty, conveying the message that our apparent progress in technology is not paralleled by moral progress. 


The first stanza focuses on crucifixion, a method that will, to many people, immediately recall the death of Jesus Christ on the cross. Thus at first it appears a form of barbarism that most readers will automatically condemn as they relegate it to a distant and more violent past. The second stanza describes medieval knights jousting, something that is glamorized in poetry but which Brock debunks by exaggerating the stereotypes of Arthurian romance. Next, Brock describes the horrors of trench warfare. The fourth stanza shows even greater technological improvement and depersonalization of killing in the form of dropping nuclear bombs.


It is in the final stanza, in which Brock talks about simply placing people in the twentieth century as the most efficient method of killing, that he reveals two things. First, writing as he was during the Cold War, the first part of his message was a concern that a nuclear holocaust and the "mutually assured destruction" policy of major nuclear powers was a threat to the safety of everyone in the world. Second, he is also suggesting to us that developing increasingly powerful military technology is not really a form of progress, as it creates the ability to kill more people more efficiently and puts our entire world at risk. 

How did the Assyrian and neo-Babylonian governmental structures lead to cultural assimilation in the Empires? What are some examples?

An example of an Assyrian governmental structure that facilitated cultural assimilation was the king's palace. Take, for instance, King Assurnasirpal II's palace. The public areas of the palace were lavishly decorated; the walls were lined with magnificent bas-relief sculptures that emphasized the Assyrian army's might and the king's power. 

Each of the sculptured slabs portrayed images of Assyrian military might. Many showed Assyrian kings and their armies in the midst of besieging cities. These gruesome war scenes were meant to intimidate all who looked upon the walls of an Assyrian palace. The Assyrians often conscripted citizens from conquered states to fight on behalf of their king; these foreign citizens were assimilated into Assyrian culture through their participation in construction and engineering projects as well as through service in the Assyrian army.


Meanwhile, the Assyrian kings repaid the labor and loyalty of the conquered peoples with royal protection. Throughout the best days of the Assyrian Empire, these conquered citizens built countless palaces, temples, and public gardens on behalf of the Assyrian king. It was inevitable, then, that generations of these citizens would assimilate seamlessly into the world of their new masters.


Many of these citizens labored to ensure that the throne rooms and West Suites in Assyrian palaces portrayed suitable sculptures of Assyrian military power and resilience. King Sennacherib, for example, commissioned the labor of conquered peoples to rebuild the old city of Nineveh. Conscripted laborers were forced to erect grand palaces and temples in the city; these palaces were often decorated with precious stones and cedar wood. Additionally, the helpless laborers would have been forced to craft sculptures that portrayed the Assyrian armies conquering their beloved lands. This is one way that the Assyrians forcefully assimilated conquered peoples into their culture.


When the Neo-Babylonian empire took over from the Assyrians, palaces and temples were rebuilt. These public structures became even more magnificent in design, structure, and style. In fact, King Nebuchadnezzar II, possibly the greatest monarch of the Neo-Babylonian empire, used conscripted laborers to rebuild much of Babylon. He added a museum to his palace, and two of his greatest engineering accomplishments were the Ishtar Gate and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Ishtar Gate itself was decorated with images of Babylonian gods and goddesses, while the perimeters of the gate showed images of fierce lions, the animal most associated with King Nebuchadnezzar II.


So, Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian governmental structures led to cultural assimilation in two ways:


1) The two empires utilized the labor of conquered citizens in engineering and construction projects.


2) Through these projects, monarchs saturated their respective cultures with artistic and engineering representations of the dominance and hegemonic power of both empires.

Thursday 6 July 2017

How do the last two lines in the poem "My Parents" by Stephen Spender help bring out the theme?

The last two lines express the isolation the speaker felt because his parents kept him separate and protected from "children who were rough." The children who surrounded him engaged in typical childhood roughhousing; they "ran in the street and climbed cliffs and stripped by the country streams." The speaker feared them both physically,when they roughed him up, and psychologically, as they mocked his speech impediment when they followed him.  


The last two lines, 


And...

The last two lines express the isolation the speaker felt because his parents kept him separate and protected from "children who were rough." The children who surrounded him engaged in typical childhood roughhousing; they "ran in the street and climbed cliffs and stripped by the country streams." The speaker feared them both physically,when they roughed him up, and psychologically, as they mocked his speech impediment when they followed him.  


The last two lines, 



And I looked another way, pretending to smile,
I longed to forgive them, yet they never smiled.



suggest that instead of being kept away from these children, the speaker longed to live among them to experience the give and take of childhood relationships. He understands that he would have sometimes received the same rough treatment, but if they had been intimate, he expects that he would have also received apologies from them instead of remaining estranged and isolated.

Tuesday 4 July 2017

Find evidence to prove that Macbeth feels guilty for the murder of Macduff's family.

What is really striking about the killing of Macduff's family is that Macbeth seems to feel very little guilt about it. When Macbeth kills Duncan, for instance, he is immediately overcome with guilt. He has hallucinations and wishes that Duncan would wake up from his eternal sleep. In contrast, when Macbeth sends his men to kill Macduff's wife and child, he does not experience any similar thoughts or feelings.


In fact, it is only in...

What is really striking about the killing of Macduff's family is that Macbeth seems to feel very little guilt about it. When Macbeth kills Duncan, for instance, he is immediately overcome with guilt. He has hallucinations and wishes that Duncan would wake up from his eternal sleep. In contrast, when Macbeth sends his men to kill Macduff's wife and child, he does not experience any similar thoughts or feelings.


In fact, it is only in act 5, scene 8 that Macbeth expresses any feelings of guilt. Standing face to face with Macduff, he says:



My soul is too much charged


With blood of thine already.



In other words, Macbeth is saying that his soul is tainted by the murder of Macduff's family. It is clear that Macbeth feels some shame and guilt here because he tells Macduff to go away. He has no desire to further taint his soul with the blood of Macduff. 

Monday 3 July 2017

Generally speaking, compared to the Middle Ages, there were higher standards of living, greater economic opportunity, and higher life expectancy in...

Historians believe that the Renaissance developed in Italy partly in reaction to the Black Plague in 1348. The plague resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75 million to 200 million people, and many historians believe that the death people witnessed during the plague made them more interested in the affairs of life rather than in the afterlife. In addition, following the plague, the working class in Italy was in a better position than they...

Historians believe that the Renaissance developed in Italy partly in reaction to the Black Plague in 1348. The plague resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75 million to 200 million people, and many historians believe that the death people witnessed during the plague made them more interested in the affairs of life rather than in the afterlife. In addition, following the plague, the working class in Italy was in a better position than they had been previously, as the price of food and land dropped. As people lived better lives, they devoted themselves increasingly to matters that were not directly connected to mere survival.


The heroic ideal and the cult of beauty arose as part of the development of humanism, or the focus on human beings over spiritual matters, in Italy and other areas. Interest in Greek and Roman antiquity was part of this movement. The heroic ideal was the perfect person, and, as West writes in "Spenser and the Renaissance Ideal of Christian Heroism," the idea of a Christian hero arose in Renaissance literature after the "reemergence of the classics in the Italian Renaissance." The cult of beauty was also part of the Renaissance as a reflection of the growing belief in celebrating the physical rather than the purely spiritual. This belief also was inherited from the Greek belief that beauty was an ideal that could be expressed in physical things. 



Source:


"Spenser and the Renaissance Ideal of Christian Heroism." Michael West PMLA Vol. 88, No. 5 (Oct., 1973), pp. 1013-1032.

Why do you think Louise Erdrich titled her novel Tracks? What is the significance of tracks in the story? How should we understand "tracks"...

Louse Erdrich’s novel Tracks, published in 1988, is the third in a tetralogy of novels that explores the interrelated lives of families who live in and around an Indian reservation in North Dakota. The narrative of Tracks is the earliest chronologically, delving into the back story of several characters from the other books.


Erdrich has commented on the importance of titles in her work. In the book Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris,...

Louse Erdrich’s novel Tracks, published in 1988, is the third in a tetralogy of novels that explores the interrelated lives of families who live in and around an Indian reservation in North Dakota. The narrative of Tracks is the earliest chronologically, delving into the back story of several characters from the other books.


Erdrich has commented on the importance of titles in her work. In the book Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, Erdrich says a book title is like a “magnet” drawing experiences, memories, and conversations to it until those pieces coalesce as a book.


The book’s title may be drawn partly from themes surrounding the past. Like tracks or footprints left behind, the narratives of Nanapush and Pauline often look back at those “tracks” of the past. Tracks may also refer to the historical context of the novel. For example, Lulu’s mother wants to prevent her from marrying a Morrissey, a reference to the Morrissey/ Pillager land rights following the 1887 Dawes Act. A consequence of this central event of Native American history was to destroy the Indian land base and, as a result, hurt Indian culture, too. These historical “tracks” are inseparable from the characters’ current struggles.


The title may also refer to the narrative structure of the story. The novel alternates between the first person point of view of Nanapush and Pauline, who often tell different versions of the same stories. Thus, the reader follows parallel, sometimes intersecting, narrative “tracks.”


Nanapush follows in the tracks of Nanabush the trickster, a central figure in Chippewa storytelling. As an elder and a trickster himself, he challenges the gods and cheats death by playing a trick on them. Pauline, however, follows a different track. She is a tragic figure torn between her Indian heritage and her desire to reject it. As Pauline descends into madness, she eventually chooses a track leading away from her tribal community.

Sunday 2 July 2017

How might managers overcome the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities of using Organizational Behavior (OB) concepts in the workplace?...

Managers might overcome the challenges of using Organizational Behavior (OB) by adapting their management style to one that conforms more with the relevant challenge they face, like switching from the Autocratic model to the Supportive model, which is oriented toward employee need and addresses diversity. Managers might take advantage of the opportunities of using OB by emphasizing the Collegial model, which orients toward employee self-actualization and is relevant to aspects such as building an ethical...

Managers might overcome the challenges of using Organizational Behavior (OB) by adapting their management style to one that conforms more with the relevant challenge they face, like switching from the Autocratic model to the Supportive model, which is oriented toward employee need and addresses diversity. Managers might take advantage of the opportunities of using OB by emphasizing the Collegial model, which orients toward employee self-actualization and is relevant to aspects such as building an ethical culture.


Organizational Behavior is the study of individual, group, and organizational structure in the workplace. The aims of OB relate to areas such as employee job satisfaction, customer service, and job performance. Some challenges of using OB concepts relate to globalization, diversity, and information technology. Some opportunities from using OB concepts are improving interpersonal skills, developing technical skills, and improving job satisfaction.

Saturday 1 July 2017

What are the effects of rougher surfaces on friction?

Friction occurs when two objects come into contact with one another. Friction is a force that works in the opposing direction than an object is moving. The smoother the surfaces of the two objects in contact, the less friction. The rougher the surfaces of the two objects, the more friction. Think of a car on the road: when the driver of a moving car hits the brakes, the car’s slower-rolling tires against the ground create more friction and that friction helps the car stop. If the car is driving on water or ice, there is less friction, and thus it takes the car longer to stop, if the car does not start to slide. If sand or gravel is placed on icy roads, that makes the surface of the road rougher and therefore helps to create friction, allowing cars to stop more easily on an icy road.

An interesting fact about friction is that the amount of frictional force created by two objects in contact with each other is independent of the surface area of the objects. The amount of friction created is based on the how rough or smooth the objects are, not on the size of the objects. So two objects that are the same size could create the same amount of friction as two objects of different sizes, as long as the surfaces are the same in texture.


This is not the case related to an object’s weight. If a one-pound brick is placed on the floor next to a three-pound brick, the frictional force of the three-pound brick is greater. That is because the weight or load of the brick on the floor is also a type of force.


There are different types of friction. Kinetic friction is force created by moving objects—like sliding a brick across the floor. Static friction is the amount of force it takes to keep items in place—like a parked car. Rolling friction occurs when a ball or cylindrical object rolls across a surface—like rolling a marble on a table.


The question “What are the effects of rougher surfaces on friction?” has a simple answer if the weight and shape (round or flat) of the objects is constant—the rougher the surfaces, the more friction. If the weights and/or shapes of the objects differ, then mathematical equations come into play and the answer is not quite so simple, because the type of friction and additional types of force come into consideration.

How are race, gender, and class addressed in Oliver Optic's Rich and Humble?

While class does play a role in Rich and Humble , race and class aren't addressed by William Taylor Adams (Oliver Opic's real name) ...