How does "The Guest" by Albert Camus relate to existentialism?

While Camus himself did not identify as an existentialist, his works have had a significant impact on existentialism, and there are many elements of this philosophy to be found within "The Guest." In order to understand the importance of existentialism to this short story, it is necessary to dissect the major elements of existentialism and discuss how they present themselves throughout Camus's work.

Essential Nature

According to the tenets of existentialism, there is no essential...

While Camus himself did not identify as an existentialist, his works have had a significant impact on existentialism, and there are many elements of this philosophy to be found within "The Guest." In order to understand the importance of existentialism to this short story, it is necessary to dissect the major elements of existentialism and discuss how they present themselves throughout Camus's work.

Essential Nature

According to the tenets of existentialism, there is no essential nature in the world. This means that nature is entirely constructed of the choices each individual makes rather than the result of some inherent order in the universe. Another way to explain this concept is that nothing inherently has meaning other than the meaning and value the individual ascribes to it. Daru laments how little he and his unwanted guest matter to the harsh landscape of the desert, and yet neither of them would have any significant meaning outside of its barren context. While the prisoner seems to have the choice between freedom and imprisonment, fleeing would mean giving up all the meaning of the life he has created for himself.

Alienation

Both Daru and the prisoner are alienated from society by their own design. Alienation is a major theme throughout existentialism. Daru is alienated because he holds no allegiance to his country or to the society around him. The prisoner became alienated from society when he chose to commit a criminal act. Both men are alike in their alienation and the story's desolate setting reflects this.

Freedom

Freedom in existentialism is typically an illusory concept. The individual has the freedom to make his own decisions, but that comes with the burden of accepting the consequences of those decisions, which prevents him from being entirely free. The more freedom the individual obtains, the greater his isolation from society becomes. Daru illustrates this concept in his initial refusal to help the police. By refusing to take sides in the conflict between the French and the Arabs, he is cementing his own isolation from society. Existentialism leads to the realization that all restriction is self-imposed and, as the prisoner chooses to turn himself in at the end of the story, all individuals choose their own metaphorical prisons.

Choice and Consequence

Choice is a theme that runs throughout existentialism and the narrative of "The Guest," and it is related to all the other existentialist elements in the story. Daru makes an unusual choice to refuse to follow the orders of authority over his own morality, even though it will ultimately cost his life. Camus and the existentialists viewed morality as a construct of personal choice, and this decision marks the triumph of personal choice over obedience to authority. This choice comes with consequences, including Daru's almost inevitable execution at the hands of the Arabs who blame him for the prisoner's self-imposed isolation. This consequence can be seen as an existentialist metaphor for what can happen when rational choices are made in an irrational society.

How does the author use characterization to change the reader's perception of Ponyboy over the course of the novel?

In the novel, the author uses mostly indirect characterization to change our perception of Pony as the story progresses.

Indirect characterization is a way for an author to reveal a particular character's personality through his thoughts, actions, speech, facial expressions, and influence on others. In fact, the novel begins with Ponyboy's thoughts about his looks. He wishes that he looks like Paul Newman, only because the actor "looks tough." Ponyboy believes that looking tough would add to his street credibility as a Greaser. Ponyboy's insecurity regarding his looks highlights his vulnerability.

Through his thoughts, we also get to understand how Ponyboy really feels about his family. His favorite brother is Soda, whom he loves more than anyone else, even his deceased parents. Ponyboy doesn't seem to be as enthused about his oldest brother, Darry, whom he feels is too serious for his own good. Characterizing himself as a loner, Ponyboy reveals that he enjoys immersing himself in books and movies, something he feels that no one else understands. The author's revelations of Ponyboy's initial thoughts lead us to sympathize with a young teenager who must navigate the treacherous paths of adolescence with little guidance and moral support.

As the novel progresses, we learn that Ponyboy isn't exactly enthused about gang life either. He's a Greaser because it gives him some semblance of comfort to associate with boys who experience similar challenges in life. Many, if not all of Ponyboy's Greaser friends come from dysfunctional backgrounds, and some of them have had numerous run-ins with the law. Again, the author uses indirect characterization to highlight what Ponyboy thinks of the Greaser lifestyle:

I loved the country. I wanted to be out of towns and away from excitement. I only wanted to lie on my back under a tree and read a book or draw a picture, and not worry about being jumped or carrying a blade or ending up married to some scatterbrained broad with no sense. The country would be like that, I thought dreamily.

Through his thoughts, we can see that Ponyboy yearns for a better future; he just doesn't know how to go about getting it. He desperately wishes that his "golden and beautiful mother" would come back to life to show his fellow Greaser, Dally, that "there was some good in the world after all." Later, after an especially violent argument with Darry, Ponyboy runs away. He is so angry about being slapped by Darry that he fails to see the incredible stress Darry himself is under. As the oldest of the brothers, Darry must work two jobs to support all of them; he is also the only father-figure Ponyboy has in his life, despite being only a few years older than his brothers.

From Ponyboy's actions (another type of indirect characterization), we can see how his faulty judgment and immaturity sets off a chain of events that eventually ends in Johnny's death (Johnny is the fellow Greaser Ponyboy runs away with). Despite this, the author portrays Ponyboy in a compassionate light: Ponyboy may be moody and mercurial, but he is also desperately idealistic and noble. When he hears that some children may be caught in a church fire that he and Johnny may have unwittingly started, Ponyboy slams a big rock through one of the windows and climbs into the burning building.

By the time Ponyboy and Johnny get to the children, we are cheering for them. Ponyboy's thoughts as he and Johnny do what comes so naturally to them is noteworthy:

I caught one quick look at his face; it was red-marked from falling embers and sweat streaked, but he grinned at me. He wasn't scared either. That was the only time I can think of when I saw him without that defeated, suspicious look in his eyes. He looked like he was having the time of his life.

Through his thoughts, Ponyboy reveals to us the intrinsic nobility in both boys; it is a touching tribute to the boys' resilience and character. By the time the end of the novel approaches, we see Ponyboy in a completely different light than when we first began the novel. Through the author's skillful delineation of Ponyboy's thoughts, we receive a vivid perspective of Ponyboy's evolving maturity as the story progresses.

Ponyboy comes to see how much Darry really cares about him, and he comes to understand the incredible pressures Darry has faced.

Darry did care about me, maybe as much as he cared about Soda, and because he cared he was trying too hard to make something of me. When he yelled "Pony, wherehave you been all this time?" he meant "Pony, you've scared me to death. Please be careful, because I couldn't stand it if anything happened to you."

By the end of the novel, Ponyboy begins to embrace his own responsibilities and to understand how he can make a difference in the world.

I could see boys going down under street lights because they were mean and tough and hated the world, and it was too late to tell them that there was still good in it, and they wouldn't believe you if you did. It was too vast a problem to be just a personal thing. There should be some help, someone should tell them before it was too late. Someone should tell their side of the story, and maybe people would understand then and wouldn't be so quick to judge a boy by the amount of hair oil he wore. It was important to me.

His thoughts definitely inspire us to think differently about him as the novel closes. Ponyboy is no longer the rudderless and confused character he was when the novel began. The deaths of two of his fellow Greasers (Dally and Johnny) have led him to see life differently. He now understands the importance of sharing his experiences, so other boys can learn from them. Ponyboy's new outlook on life leads us to admire and to support his love for the written word.

What are ways "The Deep River" by Bessie Head relates to the theme of identity? Include both personal and cultural identity issues in your discussion.

Head’s story is about identity and individuality. The Monemapee live “with one face” under the rule of their chief. The chief makes all the decisions, such as when to plough, when to harvest, and when to prepare the crops, and the people simply follow his orders. The unity and security of this arrangement is what is meant by the “deep river” of the title—that is, the tribe is at peace and protected as if they...

Head’s story is about identity and individuality. The Monemapee live “with one face” under the rule of their chief. The chief makes all the decisions, such as when to plough, when to harvest, and when to prepare the crops, and the people simply follow his orders. The unity and security of this arrangement is what is meant by the “deep river” of the title—that is, the tribe is at peace and protected as if they were suspended in a deep river. The phrase also suggests another river: the River Lethe, the river of forgetfulness in the Greek underworld. The communal memory of the tribe is reduced to a single word—Talaote. The tribe may act as if they have one face, but “during their journey southwards,” they have forgotten where they came from and what their original language was. 

When the old chief dies, his eldest son, Sebembele, announces that he is in love with the old chief’s youngest wife, Rankwana, and that the old chief’s youngest son, still a baby, is in fact his son, by Rankwana. This causes a kind of crisis: first, Sebembele’s younger brothers see his acknowledgement that the baby is his own as undermining their own positions within the tribe; second, because women are “of no account,” Sebembele’s love for Rankwana is a sign of weakness. Anyone who listens to a woman is “like one who listens to the advice of a child.” Sebembele is advised to pick out another wife, and he is deeply conflicted.

Sebembele cannot bring himself to do this. Instead, he publicly claims Rankwana and her child. They walk together, through the town, Sembembele holding the child in his arms. He became “a ruler who talked with deeds rather than words,” and the people saw that “the time had come for them to offer up their individual faces to the face of this ruler.” His love for Rankwana is a radical act in that he is singling out a woman for affection. This is particularly dangerous in that it recognizes Rankwana as someone worthy of respect and love. It is also an origin story. Sebembele leaves with those that support him, to begin a new tribe, eventually settling “in the land of Bamangwato.” Characteristically, perhaps, the details of the story are not remembered completely by his descendants: the old men give “confused and contradictory accounts of their origins, but they say they lost their place of birth over a woman.” 

`int cot^4(theta) d theta` Use integration tables to find the indefinite integral.

Indefinite integral follows the formula: `int f(x) dx = F(x)+C`

where:

`f(x)` as the integrand function

`F(x)` as the antiderivative of `f(x) `

`C` as constant of integration.

 The given integral problem: `int cot^4(theta) d theta` resembles one of the formulas from the integration table. It follows the integration formula for cotangent function as :

`int cot^n(x) dx = - (cot^((n-1))(x))/(n-1) - int cot^((n-2)) (x) dx` .

Applying the formula, we get:

`int cot^4(theta) d theta...

Indefinite integral follows the formula: `int f(x) dx = F(x)+C`

where:

`f(x)` as the integrand function

`F(x)` as the antiderivative of `f(x) `

`C` as constant of integration.

 The given integral problem: `int cot^4(theta) d theta` resembles one of the formulas from the integration table. It follows the integration formula for cotangent function as :

`int cot^n(x) dx = - (cot^((n-1))(x))/(n-1) - int cot^((n-2)) (x) dx` .

Applying the formula, we get:

`int cot^4(theta) d theta =- (cot^((4-1))(theta))/(4-1) - int cot^((4-2)) (theta) d theta`

                  `=- (cot^3(theta))/3 - int cot^2(theta) d theta`

 To further evaluate the integral part:  `int cot^2(theta) d theta`  we may apply  trigonometric identity: `cot^2(theta) =csc^2(theta) -1` .

`int cot^2(theta) d theta =int [csc^2(theta) -1] d theta`

Apply basic integration property:` int (u-v) dx = int (u) dx - int (v) dx.`

`int [csc^2(theta) -1] d theta =int csc^2(theta) d theta - int 1 d theta`

                                     `= -cot(theta) - theta +C`

Note: From basic integration property: `int dx = x`  then` int 1 d theta = int d theta = theta` .

From the integration table for trigonometric function, we have` int csc^2(x) dx = - cot(x)`  then `int csc^2(theta) d theta=-cot(theta` ).

applying `int [cot^2(theta)] d theta=-cot(theta) - theta +C` , we get the complete indefinite integral as:

`int cot^4(theta) d theta =- (cot^3(theta))/3 - int cot^2(theta) d theta`

                           `=- (cot^3(theta))/3 -(-cot(theta) - theta) +C`

                          `=- (cot^3(theta))/3 + cot(theta) + theta +C`

What are some of Georg's and Ulrich's character traits using textual evidence?

When the narrator provides some exposition, it is clear that Georg and Ulrich have inherited this family quarrel. However, they have taken that inheritance and channeled it into their own mutual hate for one another. When they first meet in the forest, that hate is present. 

Each had a rifle in his hand, each had hate in his heart and murder uppermost in his mind. 

But in the following sentences, the narrator adds that the...

When the narrator provides some exposition, it is clear that Georg and Ulrich have inherited this family quarrel. However, they have taken that inheritance and channeled it into their own mutual hate for one another. When they first meet in the forest, that hate is present. 

Each had a rifle in his hand, each had hate in his heart and murder uppermost in his mind. 

But in the following sentences, the narrator adds that the men are not absolute savages in regards to their mutual hate. In fact, Georg and Ulrich show a fleeting moment of civilized behavior: 

But a man who has been brought up under the code of a restraining civilization cannot easily nerve himself to shoot down his neighbor in cold blood and without a word spoken, except for an offense against his hearth and honor. 

This hesitation suggests that both men are capable of civilized behavior. This hesitation also allows just enough time for the tree to fall on both men, pinning them to the ground. It is in this predicament, facing their own mortality, that both men let go of their inherited quarrel and embrace a more civilized, humanistic regard for one another: 

For a space both men were silent, turning over in their minds the wonderful changes that this dramatic reconciliation would bring about. 

That first hesitation is a very subtle but significant hint that there is even a remote possibility for a reconciliation. 

What is an example of a symbolism in "A Doll's House"?

Arguably, one of the biggest symbols in the play A Doll's House is the season where the play is set. It is near the end of the year. Christmas and New Year's Eve are in the horizon. The weather is cold outside, yet, the Helmers keep warm inside with the proverbial fire on the hearth. 

Why is all of this symbolic?

It is symbolic because of the traditional and significant events that are celebrated toward...

Arguably, one of the biggest symbols in the play A Doll's House is the season where the play is set. It is near the end of the year. Christmas and New Year's Eve are in the horizon. The weather is cold outside, yet, the Helmers keep warm inside with the proverbial fire on the hearth. 

Why is all of this symbolic?

It is symbolic because of the traditional and significant events that are celebrated toward the end of each year and especially during the Winter and Christmas seasons:

• the birth of Jesus


• the" birth"/start of a New Year


• the end of the old and the welcoming of the new

If you think about it, there are several "rebirths" taking place in the play, in one way or another.

• Mrs. Linde and Krogstad find one another, and they decide to restart their lives together.


• Krogstad changes his ways.


• Torvald discovers what Nora did and shows his true colors; he is no longer a loving husband but a judgmental and patronizing man.

Nora notices this and she, too, changes her ways. She decides to leave the family and go away forever. She realizes she has been a play thing, a doll. She is now reborn, and wants to be her own person. 

Nora [taking her bag]: Ah, Torvald, the most wonderful thing of all would have to happen.

Helmer: Tell me what that would be!

Nora: Both you and I would have to be so changed that— . . . our life together would be a real wedlock. Goodbye. [She goes out through the hall.]

All this being said, it is clear that New Year's Day will mark a totally different life for these characters. Nothing will be like it was before; the New Year will bring with it new lives, which could be happy or sad. Christmas, New Year's Eve, and New Year's Day (all celebrated during the Winter season) are definitely symbolic of a rebirth for the characters. 

What would be the short-term and long-term impacts of first world countries devoting twice the effort into bettering the sanitation and living...

It is not really possible to predict the results in the absence of more specific details. "Effort" here is a key undefined term, as it really doesn't specify whether the "effort" would take the form of monetary aid, training, infrastructure improvement, consultants, or other specific missions.

Simply sending money is unlikely to have a significant effect without substantial efforts to monitor how the money is being used. Simply enriching a few powerful kleptocrats in developing...

It is not really possible to predict the results in the absence of more specific details. "Effort" here is a key undefined term, as it really doesn't specify whether the "effort" would take the form of monetary aid, training, infrastructure improvement, consultants, or other specific missions.

Simply sending money is unlikely to have a significant effect without substantial efforts to monitor how the money is being used. Simply enriching a few powerful kleptocrats in developing nations does not improve living conditions for the majority of people.

Similarly, certain forms of emergency aid such as supplying food to drought-stricken regions will help individuals in the short term but likely will not make an appreciable long-term difference.

There are certain types of aid efforts that might make long-term changes. The first is infrastructure creation, including education, transportation, communication, and finance. These might enable many developing nations to take advantage of their demographic transitions. Ensuring that women have access to health care (including birth control) and education also has a long-term economic benefit. Aid programs that focus on eradication of infectious diseases through monitoring and vaccination programs can increase average life span and productivity significantly.

Describe Mr. Summers, based on his responsibilities and the way that others react to him.

The narrator informs us that other people feel sorry for Mr. Summers because "he had no children and his wife was a scold." They probably also feel sorry for him because he has to perform the lottery. When the lottery begins, Mr. Summers asks for help, and two men hesitate. They acknowledge that they "have to" endure the lottery and participate, but they want to stay as far from it as possible. As a result,...

The narrator informs us that other people feel sorry for Mr. Summers because "he had no children and his wife was a scold." They probably also feel sorry for him because he has to perform the lottery. When the lottery begins, Mr. Summers asks for help, and two men hesitate. They acknowledge that they "have to" endure the lottery and participate, but they want to stay as far from it as possible. As a result, they keep their distance from Mr. Summers as well. He is, functionally, the messenger of death.

Mr. Summers is therefore associated with death. And for those who silently or audibly question the validity of the lottery, he is associated with senseless killing. As primitive and barbaric as the lottery is, Mr. Summers carries out his duties professionally. This really doesn't help the townspeople relate or respond to him better. Mr. Summers is grave about the whole ritual but he goes through with it without question. In this respect, he is as mindlessly traditional as any of those who refuse to question the ethics or reasonability of the sacrifice.

In To Kill A Mockingbird, which three characters show that the inability to change or the fear of change can result in a negative impact on one's...

Three characters who show the inability to change or the fear of what change would mean to their lives are Boo Radley, Mayella Ewell, and Nathan Radley. 

Boo Radley’s story is unique because as readers we don’t really know the whole story.  We are asked to piece together events from rumors spread by the town’s people and the clues given by the writer, Harper Lee.  However, for some reason, Boo has been forced, or has...

Three characters who show the inability to change or the fear of what change would mean to their lives are Boo Radley, Mayella Ewell, and Nathan Radley. 

Boo Radley’s story is unique because as readers we don’t really know the whole story.  We are asked to piece together events from rumors spread by the town’s people and the clues given by the writer, Harper Lee.  However, for some reason, Boo has been forced, or has decided, to become a recluse in the Radley house.   A reader can speculate that it is because of abuse by his father and then later by his brother, Nathan.  However, Boo Radley is an adult in the story.  He could have the ability to leave the house on his own and begin a new life.  He does leave the house on occasions when he leaves presents for Jem and Scout or when he protects the children from Bob Ewell.  One has to wonder if it is a choice Boo Radley makes, and if it is, why?  If it is a choice, it can be the shame he feels for his arrest when he was a young man, or maybe he just doesn’t like the world he sees outside the windows of his home.  Boo is almost child-like in his behavior, and this sensitivity could prevent him from living in a world that has so much hate and oppression. 

Mayella Ewell is also a character who is too afraid to change.  Mayella lives a life of abuse and poverty that oppresses her and makes her the dominant care-giver of her brothers and sisters.  Mayella longs for a better life and to experience love.  When she seduces Tom Robinson, it is a desperate attempt at the love she needs so drastically.  However, her abusive father, Bob Ewell, makes it known to Mayella that this is not proper behavior.  When Mayella testifies in the trial, the lies she tells shows how much she fears her father.  Mayella is also afraid because of her unacceptable behavior and what it means as a member of the community.  She crossed a line with Tom Robinson, and although she comes from a “white trash” family, she still wants to maintain her little bit of status as a white person in the town.  She is unwilling to change out of fear of what will happen to her.

Nathan Radley is another mysterious character who is afraid to change or simply won’t change.  When Boo and Nathan’s father dies, Nathan steps in as the head of the household and carries on with the dysfunctional behaviors of his father.  It is not made clear why Nathan continues to maintain this existence for the Radleys.  Perhaps he is hiding a secret about Boo, or maybe he feels the need to keep up appearances in the community.  Whatever the reason, he chooses to go along with what has always been done in the Radley family out of fear or the inability to change. 

What is the complete analysis of the "gated community" in The Tortilla Curtain?

The gated community in which Delaney and Kyra Mossbacher live is a symbol of the way affluent, white Americans falsely believe that they can keep out what they deem undesirable elements of the community. Even though they live in a gated community, what they want to keep out somehow finds them.

For example, a coyote finds its way into their community and kills one of their dogs. After the incident, Delaney is distraught. Boyle writes of...

The gated community in which Delaney and Kyra Mossbacher live is a symbol of the way affluent, white Americans falsely believe that they can keep out what they deem undesirable elements of the community. Even though they live in a gated community, what they want to keep out somehow finds them.

For example, a coyote finds its way into their community and kills one of their dogs. After the incident, Delaney is distraught. Boyle writes of Delaney, "All he'd been able to think about was the dog and the gnawed bit of bone and flesh he'd found beneath a dusty clump of manzanita" (page 45). The chewed-up dog is a symbol of the way in which nature and other forces find their way into the community. The irony is that Delaney works for a nature magazine, but he doesn't seem to understand that even affluence can't stop nature from intruding into suburban communities. 

Delaney's neighbors are keen to construct a gate around their community, and Jack, one of the neighbors, likens the situation of the community to that of the American borders and what he considers the problems of immigration. Delaney thinks to himself, "The borders. Delaney took an involuntary step backward, all those dark, disordered faces rising up from the street corners and freeway on-ramps to mob his brain" (page 101). Delaney, while considering himself a liberal, can't deal with the problems of the poor Mexican immigrants who cross the so-called "tortilla curtain" into the US. He tries to avoid the problem, which is symbolized by his step backward.

The reality is that Delaney and Kyra and the other inhabitants of the gated community can't protect themselves from nature, immigrants, or any of the other elements they are trying to keep out. When Cándido Rincón, a Mexican immigrant at the heart of the story, inadvertently starts a fire by roasting a turkey for himself and his pregnant wife, the fire spreads to the gated community. Boyle suggests that the gated community only keeps meanness and a certain myopia inside of it and that life will find the members of the community despite their attempts to shield themselves. 

"Never fear spoiling children by making them very happy. Happiness is the atmosphere in which all good affections grow." Please explain this quote...

This is from Thomas Bray's 1872 book, The Education of the Feelings: A Moral System."He argues that most children are sensitive and eager, and when adults shut them down, they become irritated and prone to "bursts of passion." The problem is compounded when the adult punishes this, because the passion transforms into sulkiness. What works better, he says, is if the adult maintains good temper and sympathizes with the child's trouble. He suggests that...

This is from Thomas Bray's 1872 book, The Education of the Feelings: A Moral System." He argues that most children are sensitive and eager, and when adults shut them down, they become irritated and prone to "bursts of passion." The problem is compounded when the adult punishes this, because the passion transforms into sulkiness. What works better, he says, is if the adult maintains good temper and sympathizes with the child's trouble. He suggests that all of this can be avoided, however, if the child is simply kept happy, since "happiness is the atmosphere in which all good affections grow." 

He tosses in the "never fear spoiling your children by making them too happy" comment because many parents of that time had precisely that fear (taken from a Proverb in the bible). He goes on to argue that punishing a child makes him unhappy and unhappiness in time produces the child's own "evil temper." 

How does John Keats create vivid images in the poem "To Autumn"?

The poem “To Autumn” employs words that evoke the five senses, including sight, sound, taste, smell, and touch. Keats cleverly and creatively empowers these sense through his use of specific words and expressions. By reading closely, one can sense and truly understand the meaning behind John Keats' work "To Autumn."

Here are some examples of those words and expressions:

Sight: "rosy hue" (line 26), "maturing sun" (line 2), "barred clouds bloom" (line 25)

Sound: "songs...

The poem “To Autumn” employs words that evoke the five senses, including sight, sound, taste, smell, and touch. Keats cleverly and creatively empowers these sense through his use of specific words and expressions. By reading closely, one can sense and truly understand the meaning behind John Keats' work "To Autumn."

Here are some examples of those words and expressions:

Sight: "rosy hue" (line 26), "maturing sun" (line 2), "barred clouds bloom" (line 25)

Sound: "songs of spring" (line 23), "wailful choir small gnats mourn" (line 27), "lambs loud bleat" (line 30), "hedge crickets sing" (line 31), "red breast whistles" (line 32), "swallows twitter" (line 33)

Taste: "fruit with ripeness to the core" (line 6), "plump" (line 7), "sweet kernel" (line 8), "oozings" (line 21)

Smell: "fume of poppies" (line 17), "later flower for the bees" (line 9)

Touch: "season of mists" (line 1), "warm days" (line 10), "hair soft lifted by winnowing wind" (line 15), "light wind lives or dies" (line 29)

What are the themes of Hunger by Roxane Gay?

The overarching theme of the book is Roxane Gay's struggle with her body during her late twenties. The memoir is, she announces early in the book, a story of her body, which, at its heaviest, weighed 577 pounds when she was six feet three inches tall.

Her struggle with her body was rooted in a psychological trauma from childhood. Her eating habits were a reflection of that internal struggle, "about disappearing and being lost and...

The overarching theme of the book is Roxane Gay's struggle with her body during her late twenties. The memoir is, she announces early in the book, a story of her body, which, at its heaviest, weighed 577 pounds when she was six feet three inches tall.

Her struggle with her body was rooted in a psychological trauma from childhood. Her eating habits were a reflection of that internal struggle, "about disappearing and being lost and wanting so very much, wanting to be seen and understood."

She discusses the language that is used to talk about weight and obesity. She argues that the designation for a normal BMI (body mass index), for example, is arbitrary and that twenty-five was selected as "normal" because it was "easy for people to remember." The word "obesity" has a Latin origin that literally describes the source of one's condition: to eat until one becomes fat. However, because the adjective "obese" is directed at people as more of an "accusation" than a descriptor, it does more harm than good.

Gay began to eat in an effort to change her body. She was gang-raped by a group of boys and believed that if she made her body repulsive, she would never be violated again. Thus, in addition to being a book about a young woman's struggle with body image, as well as a book about the ineptitude of our institutions to address the problem, it is also a book about sexual assault and its long-term impacts.

Additionally, the book addresses the way in which sexism informs girls' and women's ideas about how they should look. Gay assumed that being fat would make her undesirable to men because society tells us that women should be small and slender, that "we should be seen and not heard." To be fat would be to invite the contempt of men—"to be beneath their contempt." However, Gay writes, the experience of her rape had already taught her so much about their contempt.

Gay asserts that she became fat not only to avoid men, but to make herself formidable and intimidating so that she would be safe in the future. Her creation of her larger body stemmed from feelings of inadequacy and the false belief that her rape was somehow her fault. However, being fat only invited more feelings of inadequacy and more blame from a society that she believed never sympathized with her pain in the first place.

What were some effects the transatlantic slave trade had?

One effect was felt directly in Africa—the European need for chattel slavery made the slave trade grow exponentially.  African tribes searched for more and more slaves and became dependent on European trade goods.  This would eventually impoverish Africa, making it easier to colonize in the nineteenth century.  While slavery had existed in Africa well before the time of Europeans, Europeans made slavery generational.  

African slavery also made large-scale agriculture in the Americas practical.  Native...

One effect was felt directly in Africa—the European need for chattel slavery made the slave trade grow exponentially.  African tribes searched for more and more slaves and became dependent on European trade goods.  This would eventually impoverish Africa, making it easier to colonize in the nineteenth century.  While slavery had existed in Africa well before the time of Europeans, Europeans made slavery generational.  

African slavery also made large-scale agriculture in the Americas practical.  Native Americans were quick to run away from their European masters, and English indentured servants often died of mosquito-borne diseases.  The Europeans used Africans because they were not familiar with the territory and, therefore, were less of a flight risk.  Also, Africans were less likely to catch diseases like malaria.  African labor made the sugarcane and tobacco fields possible, thus making a small number of whites very wealthy and enriching the imperial powers who owned the colonies.  

Finally, the transatlantic slave trade enriched many port cities.  Before the Revolutionary War, New York and Boston were common ports for slave catchers to stop and sell their cargo.  This increased business around the cities, as the trade needed auctioneers to sell the slaves.  There was also a need for taverns and boardinghouses for people coming from out of town to buy slaves.  In the early days of America, the slave trade was a major part of the national economy, though some were complaining about the social issues that slavery raised even back then.  

How can I compare the settings of "The Necklace" and "Everyday Use," giving two examples from each story?

The short story "The Necklace," by Guy De Maupassant, and the short story "Everyday Use," by Alice Walker, have many similarities. There are also many differences. In terms of the setting, both stories take place in modest dwellings, with characters who come from little money and little status in society.

In "The Necklace," Mathilde Loisel is born into a modest family and marries a man with little means and status. She feels that she was wronged by being born so humbly. She is dissatisfied with her station in life, her dwelling, clothes, and husband. In the opening paragraph of the story, this dissatisfaction is described:

"She was one of those pretty and charming girls born, as though fate had blundered over her, into a family of artisans. She had no marriage portion, no expectations, no means of getting known, understood, loved, and wedded by a man of wealth and distinction; and she let herself be married off to a little clerk in the Ministry of Education. Her tastes were simple because she had never been able to afford any other, but she was as unhappy as though she had married beneath her." 

In this example, we see how her station in life is at odds with her vision for what her life should be. In the following quote, there is an example of how her surroundings dissatisfied her:

"She suffered from the poorness of her house, from its mean walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains. All these things, of which other women of her class would not even have been aware, tormented and insulted her."

In Alice Walker's short story "Everyday Use," the character of Dee is similar to Mathilde in that she is born to a family of very humble means. The narrator of this story is Dee and Maggie's mother. She describes their home in the opening paragraph:

"I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. It is not just a yard. It is an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand along the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house."

The narrator seems perfectly content with her surroundings, much like Mathilde's husband seems satisfied, though he wants to make his wife happy. Dee is clearly not happy with her family home and social position. When the narrator describes the house that burned, readers see another similarity between Mathilde, who hated her modest home, and Dee, who likewise hated hers. Following is an example from "Everyday Use."

"How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black peppery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house fall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much." 

Another example of Dee's similarity to Mathilde Loisel is this:

"Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts." 

This is similar to Mathilde's desire for nice things, including the dress that cost four hundred francs she wanted for the party, and the jewels that she borrowed from Madame Forestier. Like Dee, Mathilde is determined to have nice things and present an image of herself to the world that is different than what the economic situation she was born into allows.

In "Battle Royal" by Ralph Ellison, what does the dancer represent? What's tattooed on her belly and why are they afraid to look? In what ways is...

In “Battle Royal,” the narrator is concerned with the question of his identity, in how he relates both to himself and to others. He speaks of having been ashamed of how ashamed he felt to be himself. He admits that he spent most of his young years believing that his own “humility was the secret, the essence of progress.” So, when he saw how the white people were treating the fighters, it came as a...

In “Battle Royal,” the narrator is concerned with the question of his identity, in how he relates both to himself and to others. He speaks of having been ashamed of how ashamed he felt to be himself. He admits that he spent most of his young years believing that his own “humility was the secret, the essence of progress.” So, when he saw how the white people were treating the fighters, it came as a bit of a shock to him.  He came to the realization that he was only treated with respect because he had stayed out of the way, so to speak; in essence, he had made himself acceptable for the sake of the white people around him.

Eventually, through the actions of the people in the hotel on the night of the battle, he saw that he would always be considered “different” to them, an outsider who is allowed to exist but never to be one of them. In this room, the men came to consume people for sport, whether it was the black men fighting one another or the white woman with the American flag tattooed on her body.  When the narrator saw her, he desired her because she seemed perfect to him, yet at the same time, he also felt that he wanted to “murder her.”

Everything about her is typical of the American ideal of beauty.  She is described as having “pearly” beads of sweat, fine skin, yellow hair, firm breasts, and pink nipples. It is no accident that she has a small American flag tattooed on her belly; for the narrator it symbolizes something perfect—something very desirable yet unattainable for him. It is interesting that the men in the room yelled at the boys for looking at her but also for not looking at her. It symbolizes the catch-22 of their situation; they’ll never be able to please the people in power, because they can never change who they are. They are “damned if they do, and damned if they don’t.”

The boys begin to sense that they are at the mercy of the men in the room and are transformed in terror. They are afraid that they will be punished for looking at her and that their erections will betray their desire, because they know deep down that she belongs to the men in the room. They begin to faint, to try to escape.  The woman also wants to escape.  The narrator notices the terror in her eyes as the men begin to grab at her.  Together, they are the playthings of these men in power and can do nothing to stop it.

What is an example of the connection between sex and politics in the Roman Empire?

There is no more notorious example than that of Valeria Messalina, typically just called "Messalina," the third wife of Emperor Claudius. She, too, was of royal blood. She was the great grand-niece of the lauded Emperor Augustus and cousin to the notorious Emperors Nero and Caligula.

Messalina was rumored to have been so promiscuous that she held a competition with a prostitute at a Roman bordello. She wagered that she could manage to have sex...

There is no more notorious example than that of Valeria Messalina, typically just called "Messalina," the third wife of Emperor Claudius. She, too, was of royal blood. She was the great grand-niece of the lauded Emperor Augustus and cousin to the notorious Emperors Nero and Caligula.

Messalina was rumored to have been so promiscuous that she held a competition with a prostitute at a Roman bordello. She wagered that she could manage to have sex all night, outlasting the prostitute. It is said that Messalina won the competition. 

Historians, now understanding the sexism that existed in Ancient Rome, suspect that Messalina, though probably adulterous, was probably not as promiscuous as historical records claim. She was a powerful woman who was directly and ruthlessly involved in politics, even causing her husband Claudius to condemn numerous senators to death. The reason for this is said to have been their refusal of her sexual advances, but one cannot be certain.

As is true today, when women assert their political power in ways that the patriarchy does not like, their characters are smeared or simplified by one transgression.

In the novel Monster, describe how Myers suggests that good and evil can be blurred and life is not "black and white."

Throughout the novel, Steve Harmon struggles to justify his actions. He is essentially a good person who has made several terrible decisions and regrets his past actions. Myers purposely leaves Steve's participation in the crime ambiguous but suggests that Steve did enter the store for the purpose of acting as the crew's lookout. Whether or not Steve gave the signal that the coast was clear does not exclude the fact that he knew James King...

Throughout the novel, Steve Harmon struggles to justify his actions. He is essentially a good person who has made several terrible decisions and regrets his past actions. Myers purposely leaves Steve's participation in the crime ambiguous but suggests that Steve did enter the store for the purpose of acting as the crew's lookout. Whether or not Steve gave the signal that the coast was clear does not exclude the fact that he knew James King and Richard "Bobo" Evans were attempting to rob the store. However, Steve not giving the signal to James or Bobo suggests that he had a change of heart in the store. While Steve made the right decision not to give them a signal, he did make the wrong decision to agree to participate in the crime. By displaying Steve's duality, Myers suggests that life is not "black and white." Many of our decisions have both positive and negative effects on those around us. Very few decisions in life are purely good or evil. As humans, we tend to justify our actions to make ourselves feel better about circumstances similar to the way Steve contemplates his actions during his incarceration.

What are six common features of religion?

Many scholars have attempted to provide comprehensive yet concise descriptions of what is common to all religions. I think that Huston Smith, a Doctor of Religious Studies, has best summarized the features of religion without some sort of bias or favoritism towards a particular tradition. He describes these features as the following:

First, religion offers explanations. Who are we? Why are we here? What do we do now? Religion seeks to answer big questions like this as well as questions about more minute aspects of life. Religious explanations often cover topics like eschatology—what happens after death or at the "end of the world"—and cosmology—how the world (or universe) is organized and how it came to be. 

Second, there is a sense of mystery in religion. Some faiths explicitly address the sense of mystery (as in Catholicism) while others may be more subtle (as in Buddhism.) As humans, our experiences and understandings are finite by the very nature of what it is to be a human being. Religion is empowering for many in that it transcends the finite boundaries of human experience and offers a means for negotiating that which we cannot know.

Often times this negotiation occurs by way of ritual—the third feature of religion. Rituals are prescribed, repeated behaviors with desired and intended outcomes. Ritual and habit are somewhat similar in that they are repeated behaviors which offer a sense of comfort. Where ritual differs from habit is that ritual is understood to be in accordance with some supernatural force and it is carried out with specific intentions. 

Ritual can give way to tradition, and may even transform through tradition. For example, the Christian baptism stems from the Jewish mikveh. The mikveh is used for ritual immersion (or bathing) in order to be spiritually pure. When Jesus Christ was baptized, he was undergoing a form of mikveh initiating him into the Priesthood. Today, most Christians are baptized to initiate them into the faith either by immersion or a sprinkling of holy water. Notice how this tradition began with total bodily immersion and an intent of marking someone as spiritually pure and has since transformed into only requiring a sprinkling of water to mark someone as of a particular spiritual identity.

All religions have a sense that there is a right way to live and act, and if we do this, we reap some sort of spiritual benefit. In Christianity, this is often called grace, and this is the term Smith uses. However, I feel using the term "grace" is Christo-centric and seems to exclude religions which do not employ a concept of God. Some other examples of "being right with all that is" would be the concept of dao in Daoism (Taoism) and kamma (or Karma) in Buddhism.

Finally, all religions have a sense of authority in regards to religious matters. In some cases, the people with religious authority are priests who undergo years of training and education to fulfill their role. In other faiths, emphasis is placed on an internal authority and personal understanding of how to live in the world.

What happens in the opium dens?

The opium den is an important symbol in The Picture of Dorian Gray. In Victorian England, opium was perfectly legal but every bit as deadly as its notorious derivative, heroin. The taking of opium, though widespread, still had a faint whiff of scandal about it, being considered somewhat debauched. So a number of opium dens sprung up in London to cater for the exotic tastes of a thriving demimonde of bohemians and thrill-seeking aristocrats....

The opium den is an important symbol in The Picture of Dorian Gray. In Victorian England, opium was perfectly legal but every bit as deadly as its notorious derivative, heroin. The taking of opium, though widespread, still had a faint whiff of scandal about it, being considered somewhat debauched. So a number of opium dens sprung up in London to cater for the exotic tastes of a thriving demimonde of bohemians and thrill-seeking aristocrats. Wilde neatly sums up the lurid attraction of these dens of iniquity and the effect they had upon their wretched patrons:

There were opium-dens, where one could buy oblivion, dens of horror where the memory of old sins could be destroyed by the madness of sins that were new.

Dorian Gray certainly wants to forget his sins, as he has just murdered Basil. His conscience is starting to get the better of him; he needs to submerge it far beneath a drug-induced haze. So he takes off to an opium den in a remote part of town. The den symbolizes the growing degradation of Dorian's tortured mind. He wants to get away from himself, to become immersed in wholly unfamiliar surroundings where he can forget about everything.

But he can't. For one thing, Dorian discovers Adrian Singleton at the opium den, and this bothers him. Adrian is an unpleasant reminder of his past, a past he desperately wants to forget. His hopeless addiction to opium also gives Dorian an unwelcome portent of his own future. The dubious pleasures of opium cannot give Dorian what he wants. The opium den, like the picture of the title, provides us with a horrifying glimpse into a rotting soul, mired in moral corruption and utter degradation.

What are the 3 most suspenseful parts of The Most Dangerous Game?

The first suspenseful situation in "The Most Dangerous Game" occurs when Sanger Rainsford falls off the yacht unnoticed and must depend on himself to swim to safety in the dark and unfamiliar waters.  And in doing so, he hears the inhospitable sound of a pistol shot and an anguished cry from shore.

A second suspenseful situation occurs when Rainsford spends his first night in the jungle evading General Zaroff; he watches from a tree branch...

The first suspenseful situation in "The Most Dangerous Game" occurs when Sanger Rainsford falls off the yacht unnoticed and must depend on himself to swim to safety in the dark and unfamiliar waters.  And in doing so, he hears the inhospitable sound of a pistol shot and an anguished cry from shore.

A second suspenseful situation occurs when Rainsford spends his first night in the jungle evading General Zaroff; he watches from a tree branch as Zaroff smokes a cigarette below.  Zaroff's gaze travels up the branches of the tree but breaks off before he lays eyes on Rainsford, who realizes, once the general walks away, that he had actually been spotted but let go for the time being.

A third suspenseful situation occurs when Ivan, with a pack of hunting hounds on a lead, pursues Rainsford's scent with General Zaroff following close behind.  Rainsford is able to quickly rig a knife to a sapling with some knowledge he picked up on a hunt in Uganda; it kills Ivan and buys Rainsford the few moments he needs to jump into the sea and lose the dogs and Zaroff. 

Cold War: Trace four major Cold War developments/events from 1945 to 1950. Be sure to provide substantive details about each development and...

There were several developments in the Cold War between 1945 and 1950 that impacted the foreign policy of the United States. In February 1945, Stalin agreed at the Yalta Conference to allow free elections to occur in Poland. However, this promise was not kept. This signaled to the United States and its Allies that Stalin could not be trusted. Some people felt this was the beginning of the Cold War.

In March 1947, President Truman and his advisors developed the policy of containment. This policy was designed to try to keep Communism from spreading. It led to the creation of the European Recovery Plan, which provided aid to nations to rebuild their economy in order to resist the spread of communism.

In June 1948, the Soviet Union cut off all land access to West Berlin. The Soviet Union hoped to force the United States, France, and Great Britain to abandon their zones in West Berlin. Instead, the Berlin Airlift began to fly supplies into West Berlin. Eventually, the Soviet Union ended the blockade.

In July 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed. This military alliance was formed in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The United States and several European countries formed NATO in response to the threat of the Soviet expansion of communism.

In June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, led by the United States, helped South Korea in this conflict in order to keep South Korea as a free, independent, and noncommunist country.

Create a line that is tangent to f(x)=3-5x^2 and goes through point (-1,-2).

The given point (-1, -2) lies on the graph of the given function:  f(-1) = 3 - 5 = -2.

In this situation, the equation of the tangent line at this point is

y = f'(-1)(x - (-1)) + f(-1).

Because  f'(x) = -10x,  we obtain  f'(-1) = 10  and the equation becomes

y = 10(x + 1) - 2 = 10x + 8.

The graph is attached.

[the math editor is broken, says "f(x)=x^2" for many formulas]

What is she talking about when she mentions a smell creeping in the house

The narrator mentions that, in addition to its sickly and grotesque appearance, she hates the wallpaper's smell. She says that she did not really notice it much when the weather was nice and she could keep the windows open, but after a week of wet weather, the smell hangs heavily in the room.  She says, "It creeps all over the house." She can find it in the dining room and parlor, the hallway and stairs,...

The narrator mentions that, in addition to its sickly and grotesque appearance, she hates the wallpaper's smell. She says that she did not really notice it much when the weather was nice and she could keep the windows open, but after a week of wet weather, the smell hangs heavily in the room.  She says, "It creeps all over the house." She can find it in the dining room and parlor, the hallway and stairs, and even on her own person. Notice, however, that when she is finished describing the wallpaper's terrible "yellow smell," she says,

There is a very funny mark on this wall, low down, near the mopboard.  A streak that runs around the room. It goes behind every piece of furniture, except the bed, a long, straight, even smooch, as if it had been rubbed over and over.  I wonder how it was done and who did it, and what they did it for. Round and round and round—round and round and round—it makes me dizzy!

If we put two and two together (something the narrator seems no longer capable of doing), we can surmise that she has caused the "smooch" around the room. How else would she know that it goes behind almost all the furniture? How else would she become dizzy unless she herself were going in circles around the room? We do not get dizzy just by looking at circles.

As if to confirm this, the narrator reports near the story's end that "[her] shoulder just fits in that long smooch around the wall."  So, the narrator has been crawling around the room—or "creeping," as she calls it—and she is rubbing against the wallpaper, making it so that she smells it in her hair and on her clothes. Even Jennie, the narrator's sister-in-law, says, "that the paper stained everything it touched, that she had found yellow smooches on all [the narrator's] clothes."  So, the smell appears to creep all over the house, wherever the narrator goes, because the smell of the paper is actually on the narrator.  

I need help on an essay responding to the assignment described below. I'd like a recommendation of a second primary reading and where to find...

Your first major decision in working on this paper is to choose the works you will be writing about. If you choose Flight to Canada by Ishmael Reed as the first primary work, then you should consider choosing Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe as the second work. The reason for this is that Reed was explicitly updating and responding to Stowe's work. 

For a thesis, you might argue that the supernatural background to...

Your first major decision in working on this paper is to choose the works you will be writing about. If you choose Flight to Canada by Ishmael Reed as the first primary work, then you should consider choosing Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe as the second work. The reason for this is that Reed was explicitly updating and responding to Stowe's work. 

For a thesis, you might argue that the supernatural background to Stowe's work was grounded in her firm belief in Christianity and its redemptive power. Stowe saw Christian faith (and ultimately God) as the path to ending slavery, especially in viewing it as the bulwark of abolitionism. Reed, on the other hand, sees Christianity as part of an oppressive white culture and views recovery of pantheistic Vodoun African religious traditions as part of black identity. 

Two useful secondary sources would be:

Hortense Spillers, “Changing the Letter: The Yokes, the Jokes of Discourse, or, Mrs. Stowe, Mr. Reed,” in Slavery and the Literary Imagination, eds. Deborah E. McDowell and Arnold Rampersad, 1989, pp. 25–61.

Ashraf H. A. Rushdy, “Ishmael Reed's Neo-HooDoo Slave Narrative,” Narrative 2.2 (May 1994): 112–139.

What are some characteristics of acid ?

Some characteristics of the acids are:

1) pH < 7: Acids have a pH value of less than 7. 

2) Increases proton concentration of the solution: acids, when dissolved in a solution, tend to donate protons and this increases the proton concentration of the resulting solution. This is the reason why the pH of the solutions decreases when an acid is added to them.

3) Turn the litmus paper red from blue: If we conduct...

Some characteristics of the acids are:

1) pH < 7: Acids have a pH value of less than 7. 

2) Increases proton concentration of the solution: acids, when dissolved in a solution, tend to donate protons and this increases the proton concentration of the resulting solution. This is the reason why the pH of the solutions decreases when an acid is added to them.

3) Turn the litmus paper red from blue: If we conduct the litmus paper test on an acid, we find that a strip of blue litmus paper will turn red when dipped in the acid.

4) Sour taste: acids generally have a sour taste. 

5) React with metals: acids react with metals and produce a salt and hydrogen gas as a product. For example, calcium reacts with nitric acid to produce calcium nitrate and hydrogen. 

6) Chemical formula starts with an "H": the chemical formula of acids starts with a hydrogen atom or "H". Common examples of acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), etc.

Why did the German soldiers come to the Johansens' apartment looking for the Rosens?

In Lois Lowry's book Number the Stars, the Johansens are a family living in Nazi-occupied Copenhagen, Denmark. For a while, they have to pretend that their daughter Annemarie's young friend, Ellen Rosen, is actually their recently deceased daughter Lise in order to stop her from being captured by Nazi soldiers. Eventually, Ellen and her family, along with other Danish Jews, are safely smuggled to Sweden, which was a neutral country in World War II.

...

In Lois Lowry's book Number the Stars, the Johansens are a family living in Nazi-occupied Copenhagen, Denmark. For a while, they have to pretend that their daughter Annemarie's young friend, Ellen Rosen, is actually their recently deceased daughter Lise in order to stop her from being captured by Nazi soldiers. Eventually, Ellen and her family, along with other Danish Jews, are safely smuggled to Sweden, which was a neutral country in World War II.

Annemarie and her family have many scary run-ins with Nazi soldiers throughout the book. Probably the scariest is when Nazi soldiers come to the Johansen's apartment in the middle of the night looking for the Rosens— they believe that the Johansens are hiding the entire Rosen family. These soldiers have begun rounding up the Jewish people of Denmark in order to "relocate" them to some unknown place, and the Rosens are on their list. Luckily, Ellen is the only one there, and Mr. Johansen is able to convince the soldiers that Ellen is his daughter, Lise.

`y = sqrt(9-x^2)` Set up and evaluate the integral that gives the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region about the x-axis.

To find the volume of a solid by revolving the graph of `y =sqrt(9-x^2)` about the x-axis, we consider the bounded region in between the graph and the x-axis. To evaluate this, we apply the Disk method by using a rectangular strip  perpendicular to the axis of rotation. As shown on the attached image, we consider a vertical rectangular strip with a thickness =dx. 

We follow the formula for the Disk Method in a form of:` V = int_a^b pir^2 dx ` or `V = pi int_a^b r^2 dx`  where r is the length of the rectangular strip.

 In this problem, we let the length of the rectangular strip`=y_(above)-y_(below)` .

 Then `r =sqrt(9-x^2) -0=sqrt(9-x^2)`

Boundary values of x: `a= -3` to `b=3` .

Plug-in the values on the formula `V = pi int_a^b r^2 dx` , we get:

`V =pi int_(-3)^3 (sqrt(9-x^2))^2 dx`

`V =pi int_(-3)^3 (9-x^2) dx`

Apply basic integration property: `int (u-v)dx = int (u)dx-int (v)dx` .

`V =pi *[ int_(-3)^3 (9) dx- int_(-3)^3(x^2) dx]`

For the integral of `int_(-3)^3 (9) dx` , we apply basic integration property: `int c dx = cx` .

`int_(-3)^3 (9) dx =9x|_(-3)^3`

For the integral of  `int_(-3)^3(x^2) dx` , we apply Power rule for integration: `int x^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1)` .

`int_(-3)^3(x^2) dx = x^((2+1))/((2+1))|_(-3)^3` .

                   ` =x^3/3|_(-3)^3.`

Then,

`V =pi *[ int_(-3)^3 (9) dx-int_(-3)^3(x^2) dx]`

`V =pi *[ 9x-x^3/3]|_(-3)^3`

Apply definite integration formula: `int_a^b f(y) dy= F(b)-F(a)` .

`V =pi *[ 9(3)-(3)^3/3] -pi *[ 9(-3)-(-3)^3/3]`

`V =pi *[ 27-27/3] -pi *[ -27- (-27)/3]`

`V =pi *[ 81/3-27/3] -pi *[ (-81)/3- (-27)/3]`

`V =pi *[ 54/3] -pi *[ (-54)/3]`

`V =(54pi)/3 - ((-54pi)/3)`

`V =(54pi)/3 + (54pi)/3`

`V =(108pi)/3`

`V =36pi ` or `113.1 ` (approximated value)

Who is Irving's target audience in "Rip Van Winkle"?

In "Rip Van Winkle," Irving is making a case for the new energy and engagement that the American Revolution and the birth of the United States caused to arise in people. Happy-go-lucky Rip, who likes to hang out at the inn under the portrait of George III, falls asleep while New York is a colony under British rule, subject to laws over which the colonists have no say. When Rip wakes up twenty years later,...

In "Rip Van Winkle," Irving is making a case for the new energy and engagement that the American Revolution and the birth of the United States caused to arise in people. Happy-go-lucky Rip, who likes to hang out at the inn under the portrait of George III, falls asleep while New York is a colony under British rule, subject to laws over which the colonists have no say. When Rip wakes up twenty years later, the United States is its own country and is filled with a new, vibrant energy.

Rip represents the old, lackadaisical, "sleeping" colonials who accepted King George's rule and lived passively. These are Irving's targets. He much prefers the active, voting, bustling citizens of the new republic, who are energized to vote and be true participants in their own governance. 

As the story's narrator puts it, describing the village after Rip's long sleep:

The very character of the people seemed changed. There was a busy, bustling tone about it, instead of the accustomed drowsy tranquility. He [Rip] looked in vain for the sage Nicholas Vedder, with his broad face, double chin, and long pipe, uttering clouds of tobacco smoke instead of idle speeches; or Van Bummel, the schoolmaster, doling forth the contents of an ancient newspaper. In place of these, a lean fellow, with his pockets full of handbills, was haranguing vehemently about rights of citizens—elections—members of congress—Bunker’s Hill—heroes of seventy-six—and other words, which were a perfect jargon to the bewildered Van Winkle.

How did the Oligarchy try to prevent Ernest’s election to government? Were they successful?

The Oligarchy, also known as the Iron Heel, did not prevent Ernest from being elected to Congress in the fall of 1912 by crushing the middle class economically. He was still elected, as were many other socialist candidates.

Ernest ran for Congress in 1912, nominated by the socialist party of California. At first, everyone believed he had a good chance to win. He had a few events in his favor:

• The San Francisco street car strike was broken.


• The teamsters' strike was broken.

The violence with which the strikes were broken caused the unions to throw their influence behind Ernest's campaign. Groups like the Water Front Foundation also supported the teamsters and, after the strike, began to support Ernest and the socialists. Groups involved in or supporting the strike turned from the labor party and began to support the socialist party and, by extension, Ernest's run for Congress.

London writes:

The whole Water Front Federation, along with its allies in the structural trades, had backed up the teamsters, and all had smashed down ingloriously. It had been a bloody strike. The police had broken countless heads with their riot clubs; and the death list had been augmented by the turning loose of a machine-gun on the strikers from the barns of the Marsden Special Delivery Company.

The violence used against the workers was enough to incite the unions to change their political course. Their support made it more likely that Ernest would win. The increase in the number of people supporting the socialist party also invigorated the party. Even though that support came from a bad place—the mistreatment of the workers—it began to create what looked to be a change in national leadership. London says:

Beaten on their chosen field, they were ripe to seek revenge by means of political action. They still maintained their labor organization, and this gave them strength in the political struggle that was on. Ernest's chance for election grew stronger and stronger. Day by day unions and more unions voted their support to the socialists, until even Ernest laughed when the Undertakers' Assistants and the Chicken Pickers fell into line. Labor became mulish. While it packed the socialist meetings with mad enthusiasm, it was impervious to the wiles of the old-party politicians. The old-party orators were usually greeted with empty halls, though occasionally they encountered full halls where they were so roughly handled that more than once it was necessary to call out the police reserves.  

Unfortunately, the Iron Heel did not want to let socialists take any real power in Congress. The people who controlled the Oligarchy were mostly wealthy business owners and financiers; they were people who owned banks or worked on Wall Street. As they saw laborers and unions turning to support the socialist party, they forced businesses into bankruptcy and secured their own power with their land-rights and mercenaries. As London says, "Thus, the summer of 1912 witnessed the virtual death-thrust to the middle class." 

Watching this changes Ernest. Though he once believed that political change could be wrought from elections and peaceful democracy, he doesn't believe it once the middle class is broken. Even before the election occurs, he knows that winning won't change anything. His reaction is one of a transformed man. Ernest says:

"It's no use. . . . We are beaten. The Iron Heel is here. I had hoped for a peaceable victory at the ballot-box. I was wrong. Wickson was right. We shall be robbed of our few remaining liberties; the Iron Heel will walk upon our faces; nothing remains but a bloody revolution of the working class. Of course we will win, but I shudder to think of it."

London goes on to say that Ernest "pinned his faith in revolution after that." The socialist party didn't come to agree with him for some time; his fellows assure him that he'll win a Congressional seat. He asks what will happen when the Oligarchy murders him. That time, they assure him, will be the time to rise up.

Ernest wins the election, which doesn't surprise him. The Democratic party is essentially destroyed and so voters could only choose between the Republican party and the socialists. People who would have voted for the Democratic candidate align with the socialists. Despite the decimation of the middle class, Ernest still gets their votes and is elected to Congress. As London writes, "Of course Ernest was elected to Congress in the great socialist landslide that took place in the fall of 1912."

While many of his socialist friends are excited by his victory and the other Congressional seats they've won, Ernest remains skeptical that change can happen without revolution, even after his election. The socialists send 50 elected officials to Congress but still have a minority in Congress. Ultimately, of course, Ernest is right. The Iron Heel takes control of the United States and maintains it for a very long time after Ernest is ultimately executed. 

What would Hamilton likely say today about the judicial branch and its role in our government system?

If Alexander Hamilton viewed the modern judicial branch, I think that he would believe that what he articulated back then is being continued today.

Hamilton would see the modern judicial branch as similar to what he observed in the nation's earliest days.  He argued that the interpretative function of the judiciary made it predisposed to not harming the Constitution. In many respects, Hamilton saw it as the least powerful of the three branches:  

Whoever attentively...

If Alexander Hamilton viewed the modern judicial branch, I think that he would believe that what he articulated back then is being continued today.

Hamilton would see the modern judicial branch as similar to what he observed in the nation's earliest days.  He argued that the interpretative function of the judiciary made it predisposed to not harming the Constitution. In many respects, Hamilton saw it as the least powerful of the three branches:  

Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in a capacity to annoy or injure them.

Today's judicial branch, most notably in the form of the Supreme Court, is designed to not "annoy or injure" Constitutional ideas.  For example, when the Court announces its decisions, its majority and dissenting opinions are rooted in constitutional intent.  In this regard, Hamilton would believe that today's judicial branch is similar to what he envisioned. The separation of powers principle has been upheld to ensure that the judicial branch does not overstep its boundaries. It has not broken from its established tradition of examining the constitutionality of laws and actions.  In this way, I think that Hamilton would say that today's judicial branch resembles what he saw in his own mind regarding its power.

Write out the examples of simile and metaphor in the short story 'a worn path'

A metaphor in Willa Cather's 1941 short story "A Worn Path" is found in the first paragraph as the narrator describes the manner in which Phoenix Jackson walks: "with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock." Through this metaphor the reader understands that Phoenix is measured and consistent in her gait, just as a pendulum is measured and consistent as it marks time.

In the same opening paragraph, Cather employs...

A metaphor in Willa Cather's 1941 short story "A Worn Path" is found in the first paragraph as the narrator describes the manner in which Phoenix Jackson walks: "with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock." Through this metaphor the reader understands that Phoenix is measured and consistent in her gait, just as a pendulum is measured and consistent as it marks time.

In the same opening paragraph, Cather employs a simile to deepen her characterization of Phoenix as she undertakes her journey. She carries a cane made from an umbrella, and the narrator observes that it made a serious and steady sound in the quiet woods "like the chirping of a solitary little bird." This particular simile also introduces the idea that the main character is small and birdlike in her movements; this comparison deepens the bird motif already introduced in the character's name: Phoenix Jackson.

Using both a machine (a pendulum) and an animal (a bird) as comparisons, Cather begins her characterization of a woman with strength, determination, and the ability to endure despite her slight stature and advanced age.

What is Virgil's advice to Dante at the Gate of Hell?

Virgil tells Dante that he has to stop being scared and put aside any lack of belief. He has to accept that what he sees inside Hell is what is meant to happen by the will of God.

Dante is frightened when he sees the sign on the gates of Hell that ends with, "Abandon All Hope Ye Who Enter Here." The sign indicates that Hell was created by God; the people suffering inside are...

Virgil tells Dante that he has to stop being scared and put aside any lack of belief. He has to accept that what he sees inside Hell is what is meant to happen by the will of God.

Dante is frightened when he sees the sign on the gates of Hell that ends with, "Abandon All Hope Ye Who Enter Here." The sign indicates that Hell was created by God; the people suffering inside are getting their earned reward for their behavior. Dante tells Virgil that he has difficulty understanding it.

Virgil says:

Here all suspicion needs must be abandoned,
All cowardice must needs be here extinct.

We to the place have come, where I have told thee
Thou shalt behold the people dolorous
Who have foregone the good of intellect.

He is explaining to Dante that he must be brave and accept what he sees within. The people will be miserable and suffering, but that is what is supposed to happen. Virgil then takes Dante's hand and comforts him as they go in. 

Where did russel go to get his breakfast?

Russel goes to the food cache to get his breakfast. In the book, most Inuit families have food caches outside their homes or on their property. Russel's food cache is basically an elevated wooden hut where fresh meat is stored. 

In Chapter One, Russel wakes up while it's still dark. The lights in his home are still out because the village generator has yet to be switched on for the day. So, all Russel can...

Russel goes to the food cache to get his breakfast. In the book, most Inuit families have food caches outside their homes or on their property. Russel's food cache is basically an elevated wooden hut where fresh meat is stored. 

In Chapter One, Russel wakes up while it's still dark. The lights in his home are still out because the village generator has yet to be switched on for the day. So, all Russel can do is put on some extra clothes and make his way to the food cache. There, he uses his hatchet to slice off some caribou and seal meat.

He brings the meat inside his house and proceeds to cook it in a pan atop the wood stove. Before the meat is cooked through, Russel cuts off a small piece to chew on. His father admonishes him for eating raw meat, but Russel maintains that meat tastes better raw. The disagreement between father and son foreshadows the conflict between conformity and rebellion in the novel.

I am required to write a comparative essay about parenting. The novels that I want to use are Night Waking by Sarah Moss and Lanark by Alasdair...

The first issue you have here is that your essay needs to have a coherent point. Night Waking is a novel about parenting, told from a mother's perspective. Lanark is really not about parenting and is not really the ideal choice of a second work. I suspect some of the reason you may be struggling with this assignment is that the choice of Lanark doesn't appear to have an obvious rationale. That being said, the main approach you should take is one contrasting the two works.

Introduction: Your introduction should set out why you chose these two works and mention that parenting is treated quite differently, being central to one of the books and peripheral to the other, with the male writer less focused on parenting than the female one.

Authors: Here you might compare and contrast the two authors, mentioning that Gray is substantially older than Moss, and is writing in the tradition of Joyce, addressing the question of the formation of the artist, while Moss is of a younger generation, addressing issues of the conflict between parenting and intellectual life for a female scholar.

Point of View: Night Waking talks about parenting from the perspective of a parent. In Lanark, Thaw looks back at his childhood, and while parents are present in the novel, they are only seen through Thaw's perspective. He is parented rather than parenting. 

Gender: You might argue that the gender of the narrators is what makes the female protagonist engaged in the task of parenting and the male someone who is more detached from the act of parenting. Much of feminist literary theory discusses this. One useful starting point might be Stabat Mater by Julia Kristeva, a landmark essay on this theme. Hansen's Mother Without Child is also useful. The MLA International Bibliography might also be a good source of references to relevant scholarly works.

Conclusion: Your conclusion should discuss how either (1) the analysis of parenting helps us understand the novels better or (2) how the novels make us aware of some important issues concerning parenting.

What caused the Spanish-American War?

The Spanish-American War had many causes. One was American imperialistic fever. The United States wanted to get into the colonial race quite badly, and taking possessions owned by the weakened Spanish Empire seemed like the easiest way to acquire valuable assets in the Caribbean and the Pacific. A war for imperialism would not go over well with the American people, so yellow journalists focused on Spanish atrocities being committed in Cuba, where Cuban rebels were...

The Spanish-American War had many causes. One was American imperialistic fever. The United States wanted to get into the colonial race quite badly, and taking possessions owned by the weakened Spanish Empire seemed like the easiest way to acquire valuable assets in the Caribbean and the Pacific. A war for imperialism would not go over well with the American people, so yellow journalists focused on Spanish atrocities being committed in Cuba, where Cuban rebels were fighting for their independence and Spanish authorities were trying to stop the resistance. Though the Spanish rounded up friendly Cubans into crowded camps, there were no cases of wanton human rights abuses. Frederic Remington, noted Western painter, went to Cuba to report on the human rights abuses. He wired back that he could not find any. His boss, William Randolph Hearst, told Remington to supply the pictures and Hearst would supply the war. The stories about Spanish atrocities moved newspapers even if they were not true. Another point to consider was that the United States went to war to protect American sugar interests in Cuba and Puerto Rico.

The final incident that led to the war was the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor in 1898. The American press claimed that it was due to a Spanish mine, when in reality it was caused by an explosion from within the ship, probably a boiler explosion. When the harbor was later dredged it was found that the hole in the ship was convex rather than concave, thus implying an internal explosion. The United States went to war and a few short months later found itself the owner of new colonies.

What were some aggressions and atrocities by totalitarian regimes that set the stage for the involvement of America in World War II?

The United States was paying attention to the aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan before it became officially involved in World War II in 1941. Germany persecuted Jews through the Nuremberg Laws, and the Nazis rounded up and shot political dissenters. When Hitler annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia, some in the United States thought that war was likely, so they encouraged Congress to allow more funding for the military. Italy invaded Ethiopia and Libya.  While this...

The United States was paying attention to the aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan before it became officially involved in World War II in 1941. Germany persecuted Jews through the Nuremberg Laws, and the Nazis rounded up and shot political dissenters. When Hitler annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia, some in the United States thought that war was likely, so they encouraged Congress to allow more funding for the military. Italy invaded Ethiopia and Libya.  While this did not cause much of an alarm in the United States since the invaded nations were not European, Mussolini was considered an aggressor on the same line as Adolf Hitler.

The nation that troubled the United States the most was Japan. Japan's attack on China was especially brutal. Newspaper correspondents and missionaries reported on the attacks on Nanking and Shanghai. There was also the worry that Japan could attack American islands in the Pacific. This led to the United States stationing the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor in order to serve as a deterrent.

How is the theme of censorship developed throughout Fahrenheit 451?

Bradbury develops the theme of censorship by gradually introducing the ways in which society chose to neglect literature and the government's reasons for censoring intellectual thought.Initially, Bradbury describes how the government decided to censure knowledge by destroying books. As the novel progresses, Captain Beatty explains to Montag how society's wish for immediate entertainment and the population's distaste for criticism led to the censorship of books. Essentially, the dystopian society sought to eliminate any type...

Bradbury develops the theme of censorship by gradually introducing the ways in which society chose to neglect literature and the government's reasons for censoring intellectual thought. Initially, Bradbury describes how the government decided to censure knowledge by destroying books. As the novel progresses, Captain Beatty explains to Montag how society's wish for immediate entertainment and the population's distaste for criticism led to the censorship of books. Essentially, the dystopian society sought to eliminate any type of uncomfortable discussion regarding their lives. As the novel progresses, Montag reaches out to Faber who explains to him the significance of books. Through their conversations, Bradbury examines the dangers of censorship. Montag eventually escapes the authorities and joins a band of traveling intellectuals who find a way to avoid censorship regulation by remembering novels. Overall, Bradbury gradually examines the theme of censorship by exploring how and why the government chose to censure intellectual thought, as well as the dangers attached to censoring literature.

What is a summary of the poem "Breaking Out" by Marge Piercy?

Marge Piercy's "Breaking Out" was was initially published in the Harbor Review in 1984. It reflects two themes or attitudes common in Piercy's work: feminism and social activism. As is also common in her work, the poem has autobiographical elements, reflecting Piercy's own upbringing in a working-class family during the Depression.

The poem is written in the first person in past tense and looks backward at an event that occurred when the narrator was eleven years...

Marge Piercy's "Breaking Out" was was initially published in the Harbor Review in 1984. It reflects two themes or attitudes common in Piercy's work: feminism and social activism. As is also common in her work, the poem has autobiographical elements, reflecting Piercy's own upbringing in a working-class family during the Depression.

The poem is written in the first person in past tense and looks backward at an event that occurred when the narrator was eleven years old, an event that the narrator considers a turning point in her transformation from life as a passive and subordinate child to an independent adolescent. The narrator's self-assertion rejects her subordinate role as both child and female, identifying her own oppression by her parents with the way her mother appears oppressed by patriarchal society.

The poem is written in free verse, divided into stanzas of irregular length. The lines are of approximately equal length, some being end-stopped and some enjambed. The language is fairly simple, realistically embodying the voice and viewpoint of a young girl.

The poem begins with a description of a mangle (a device used for ironing) and a vacuum cleaner. For the narrator, these are both symbols of her mother's oppression and the oppression of women in general, a life she herself sees as empty and futile and compares to the task of Sisyphus, which she learned about in school. Reading is portrayed as an escape from and mode of resistance to the drudgery of housework.

Towards the middle of the poem, we learn that both the narrator's father and mother beat her with a wooden stick when she had been "judged truly wicked." She describes the beatings and her injuries from them.

The final part of the poem describes the day she asserts herself by taking the stick and breaking it. Although this did not mark an end to the beatings, it changed the way she thought about herself in relationship to her family and led her to make a resolution: 

I would not be Sisyphus, 
there were things that I should learn to break.

How does Turtle impact Taylor and challenge her to become a good mother? How does she change and grow through this relationship?

Turtle and Taylor have an unusual relationship in Barbara Kingsolver's novel The Bean Trees. Taylor is a free-spirited young woman who's off on a solo adventure. Turtle is the three-year-old that's handed, unexpectedly, to Taylor in a roadside restaurant. For Taylor, the restaurant was just a quick stop, a place to have something to eat, in a town where she knows no one.

How does Turtle impact Taylor and how does Taylor grow though their relationship? Let's go over a few main points.

Turtle compels Taylor to become a mother.

Taylor didn't choose to be a mother. It's only because Turtle has been forced onto her, and she doesn't know what to do, that Taylor becomes a caretaker for the child. Turtle's real mother has abandoned her, and Taylor feels obliged to step in, even though she doesn't know anything about taking care of a child. Here, Taylor first feels the attachment to Turtle:

The most amazing thing was the way that child held on. From the first moment I picked it up out of its nest of wet blanket, it attached itself to me by its little hands like roots sucking on dry dirt. I think it would have been easier to separate me from my hair.

Turtle makes Taylor seek out (and embrace) a community.

Taylor, before meeting Turtle, didn't need a community (or at least she didn't think she did.) She left her own mother and took off on a solo road trip. But when she's forced into a position where she feels like she has to take care of another person, she has to get practical and think about the logistics. She needs an affordable place to live, so she replies to an ad from another young woman who's looking for a housemate. That's how she meets Lou Ann, her friend and confidante who will become like a surrogate family for Taylor and Turtle. 

Turtle helps Taylor see the beauty of the environment.

As a little girl, Turtle loves to play in the dirt, to sing songs about vegetables, and to look at a seed catalogue. Taylor sees the land they're on in a different way after spending so much time with Turtle. Here, Turtle points out the bean trees to Taylor:

Turtle shook her head.

“Bean trees,” she said, as plainly as if she had been thinking about it all day. We looked where she was pointing. Some of the wisteria flowers had gone to seed, and all these wonderful long green pods hung down from the branches. They looked as much like beans as anything you’d ever care to eat.

“Will you look at that,” I said. It was another miracle. The flower trees were turning into bean trees.

Turtle helps Taylor see the importance of female friendship and support.

Taylor needs Lou Ann to help her with childcare. It's because of Turtle that she lets Lou Ann into a more intimate family space; as a result, she reaps the benefits of a family life with her friend and with their respective children. Here, Lou Ann speaks to Taylor:

"Taylor, remember that time you were mad at me because you didn't want us to act like a family? That all we needed was a little dog named Spot? Well, don't get mad, but I told somebody that you and Turtle and Dwayne Ray were my family. Somebody at work said, 'Do you have family at home?' And I said, 'Sure,' without even thinking. I meant you all. Mainly I guess because we've been through hell and high water together. We know each other's good and bad sides, stuff nobody else knows."

After establishing an unconventional family life with Lou Ann, Taylor doesn't need a man to complete the picture, and on top of that, she helps Lou Ann find her own independence after Lou Ann's been abandoned by her husband.

Provide an example of role conflict.

Role conflict is the disharmony that occurs when two roles create conflicting demands on an individual and make it difficult for that individual to adequately perform one or both of the roles. There are two types of role conflict: inter-role conflict and intra-role conflict.

Inter-role conflict occurs when the demands arise from different roles. For example, the demands that arise from parenthood and employment result in tension not only at home, but also at work....

Role conflict is the disharmony that occurs when two roles create conflicting demands on an individual and make it difficult for that individual to adequately perform one or both of the roles. There are two types of role conflict: inter-role conflict and intra-role conflict.

Inter-role conflict occurs when the demands arise from different roles. For example, the demands that arise from parenthood and employment result in tension not only at home, but also at work. An individual may devote too much time to their work and fail to have time for their family, causing them to feel neglected.

Intra-role conflict, on the other hand, occurs when there are conflicting demands in one role. For instance, if two senior managers request an employee to accomplish two different tasks in the same time frame, the employee would encounter conflict. They would have difficulty prioritizing the tasks and would, therefore, have to work under pressure to meet the two managers’ deadlines.

How does A Father's Story relate to intellectual integrity?

The crux of the story has to do with Luke's decision to cover up his daughter's hit and run accident. One way to understand "intellectual integrity" is to ask if it was right for Luke defend his daughter in this way. Another way of thinking about "integrity" is to try to understand what that might mean in the context of Luke's inner emotional life, which has been permanently scarred by the loss of his wife...

The crux of the story has to do with Luke's decision to cover up his daughter's hit and run accident. One way to understand "intellectual integrity" is to ask if it was right for Luke defend his daughter in this way. Another way of thinking about "integrity" is to try to understand what that might mean in the context of Luke's inner emotional life, which has been permanently scarred by the loss of his wife and family, and what "fatherhood" might really mean. Another way to think about it is to try to understand what Dubus thinks is the difference between truth and falsehood.

It's clear from the story that Luke thinks his decision to cover up the hit and run is an act of integrity; the reason his life at the stable is a sham is because, after his family left, he was unable to act on the "truth" of his life, his role as a father. As Luke says in his dialog with God at the end of the story, "For when she knocked on my door, then called me, she woke what had flowed dormant in my blood since her birth, so that what rose from the bed was not a stable owner or a Catholic or any other Luke Ripley I had lived with for a long time, but the father of a girl." Or, as he later puts it, he "loves her more than truth." This suggests that the question of truth, of what it means to act with integrity, is based not on laws or religious doctrine but on a deeper emotional and biological reality.

`y = 3-x , y=0, y=2, x=0` Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about the...

For the region bounded by` y=3-x` , `y=0` , `y=2` , and` x=0` revolved  about the line` x=5` , we may apply Washer method for the integral application for the volume of a solid.

 The formula for the Washer Method  is:

`V = pi int_a^b [(f(x))^2-(g(x))^2]dx`

or

`V = pi int_a^b [(f(y))^2-(g(y))^2]dy`

where f as function of the outer radius 

         g as a function of the inner radius

To determine which form...

For the region bounded by` y=3-x` , `y=0` , `y=2` , and` x=0` revolved  about the line` x=5` , we may apply Washer method for the integral application for the volume of a solid.

 The formula for the Washer Method  is:

`V = pi int_a^b [(f(x))^2-(g(x))^2]dx`

or

`V = pi int_a^b [(f(y))^2-(g(y))^2]dy`

where f as function of the outer radius 

         g as a function of the inner radius

To determine which form we use, we consider the horizontal rectangular strip representation that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation as shown on the attached image. The given strip  has a thickness of "`dy` " which is our clue to use the formula:

`V = pi int_a^b [(f(y))^2-(g(y))^2]dy`

For each radius, we follow the `x_2-x_1` . We have `x_2=5` since it a distance between the axis of rotation and each boundary graph.

For the inner radius, we have: `g(y) = 5-(3-y) ` simplified to `g(y)=2+y`

Note: `y_(below)` for the inner radius is based from `y =3-x ` rearrange into `x= 3-y`

For the outer radius, we have: `f(y) = 5-0`  simplified to `f(y)=5` .

Then the boundary values of y  is `a=0` and `b =2` .

Then the integral will be: 

`V = pi int_0^2 [(5)^2-(2+y)^2]dy`

Expand using the FOIL method on:

`(2+y)^2 = (2+y)(2+y)= 4+4y+y^2 and 5^2=25` .

The integral becomes: 

`V = pi int_0^2 [25 -(4+4y+y^2 )]dy`

Simplify:

`V = pi int_0^2 [25 -4-4y-y^2 ]dy`

`V = pi int_0^2 [21-4y-y^2 ]dy`

Apply basic integration property:

`int (u-v-w)dy = int (u)dy-int (v)dy-int (w)dy`

`V = pi [ int_0^2 21dy - int_0^2 4ydy -int_0^2 y^2dy]`

For the integration of  `int 21 dy` , we apply basic integration property: `int c dx = cx` .

 For the integration of `int_0^2 4ydy` and `int_0^2 y^2dy` , we apply the Power rule for integration:  `int y^n dx = y^(n+1)/(n+1)` .

`V = pi [ 21y - 4*y^2/2 -y^3/3]|_0^2`

`V = pi [ 21y - 2y^2 -y^3/3]|_0^2`

Apply the definite integral formula: `int _a^b f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)` .

`V = pi [ 21(2) - 2(2)^2 -(2)^3/3]-pi [ 21(0) - 2(0)^2 -(0)^3/3]`

`V = pi [ 42 - 8 -8/3]-pi [ 0-0-0]`

`V = pi [ 94/3]-pi[0]`

`V =(94pi)/3` or `98.44` (approximated value)