The first of these questions reflects the changes in medical technology over the past century, which has led to a dramatic decline in many of the causes of disease and death. Perhaps the single most dramatic decline has been that in epidemic diseases caused by two major discoveries, that of vaccines and antibiotics. Many diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, such as polio and smallpox, have been partially or completely eradicated. Stricter regulation and development...
The first of these questions reflects the changes in medical technology over the past century, which has led to a dramatic decline in many of the causes of disease and death. Perhaps the single most dramatic decline has been that in epidemic diseases caused by two major discoveries, that of vaccines and antibiotics. Many diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, such as polio and smallpox, have been partially or completely eradicated. Stricter regulation and development of public safety measures such as sewage and water treatment mean environmental factors have a reduced impact on public health. As people live longer, they are more likely to suffer from lifestyle-related diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Many of these are associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking, use of alcohol or recreational drugs, inactivity, and obesity.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the leading causes of death across all age groups in 2015 were as follows:
- Heart disease: 614,348
- Cancer: 591,699
- Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 147,101
- Accidents (unintentional injuries): 136,053
- Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 133,103
For people between the ages of 1 and 44, accidental injuries are the leading cause of death, with suicide ranking second. As people age, cancer and cardiovascular disease are greater threats.
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