Monday, 12 December 2016

How successful was the Republic in implementing the goals of the Revolution?

I am going to assume that this question is referring to the American Revolution and the time period immediately thereafter.  The early republic met the goal of not creating an unresponsive central government.  The Articles were quite weak and left most of the power to the state governments.  However, the Articles also failed in that they did not provide for the governance of the nation.  The new nation had no way to pay its war...

I am going to assume that this question is referring to the American Revolution and the time period immediately thereafter.  The early republic met the goal of not creating an unresponsive central government.  The Articles were quite weak and left most of the power to the state governments.  However, the Articles also failed in that they did not provide for the governance of the nation.  The new nation had no way to pay its war debts, and each state only wanted to repay what it regarded as its fair share.  The government could not pay the soldiers, many of whom came back after the war and immediately thereafter lost their farms due to taxes and debts.  The new nation lacked the direction it needed in order to survive on the world stage.  The Founders ratified the Constitution in order to provide a national system of governance while still safeguarding individual liberties and states' rights through the first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights.  The Constitution represented the Founders' attempt to balance order and freedom in order to create a functional country.  

Sunday, 11 December 2016

How is "Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown" portrayed through the character of Macbeth?

When Macbeth murders Duncan, he can no longer go back to the point when his conscience was more or less clear. He has stepped into the realm of darkness, where he is tortured by his thoughts of insecurity and doubt. The witches' prophecy becomes engraved in his mind, and he cannot help but remember the witches said Banquo's sons would inherit the throne one day. This news greatly perturbs him:


They hail'd him father to...

When Macbeth murders Duncan, he can no longer go back to the point when his conscience was more or less clear. He has stepped into the realm of darkness, where he is tortured by his thoughts of insecurity and doubt. The witches' prophecy becomes engraved in his mind, and he cannot help but remember the witches said Banquo's sons would inherit the throne one day. This news greatly perturbs him:



They hail'd him father to a line of kings:
Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown,
And put a barren sceptre in my gripe,
Thence to be wrench'd with an unlineal hand,
No son of mine succeeding. 



Although Macbeth gains power when he takes the throne, in a way, he loses more. He loses his peace, compassion, and all sense of right and wrong. He becomes tormented by his insecurities and his belief that others will attempt to dethrone him. 


Macbeth takes the witches' prophecy too seriously and decides to kill Banquo and his son. This will lead to many more misdeeds on Macbeth's part because he has forever lost his common sense. He wants to get rid of anyone who could potentially harm him in any way. This will lead to his imminent downfall.

What does this paragraph from the story mean? "He was incredulous and then proud to find he could hold his breath without straining for two...

In Doris Lessing's Through The Tunnel, Jerry is determined to swim through the long, underwater tunnel. He practices holding his breath but soon finds his nose bleeding due to his monumental efforts. Although dejected, he consents to rest for a day and is delighted to discover that his count has increased by ten the following day.


When his mother is not paying attention, Jerry times his breathing exercises by the clock in the villa. One...

In Doris Lessing's Through The Tunnel, Jerry is determined to swim through the long, underwater tunnel. He practices holding his breath but soon finds his nose bleeding due to his monumental efforts. Although dejected, he consents to rest for a day and is delighted to discover that his count has increased by ten the following day.


When his mother is not paying attention, Jerry times his breathing exercises by the clock in the villa. One day, he is ecstatic when he realizes that he has managed to hold his breath for all of two minutes. This is the quote you are referring to. The words 'authorized' refers to concrete proof (the clock's unmistakable pronouncement of time) of Jerry's accomplishment; this means  that Jerry is that much closer to achieving his goal of swimming the tunnel. He is both 'incredulous' and 'proud' of his accomplishment. This just means that he can't believe he has finally succeeded in holding his breath for a specified amount of time (two minutes) without strain. He is justifiably proud of his achievement.


The quote refers to the instance when the adventure that is so necessary to Jerry is brought closer. Why is the adventure necessary to Jerry? It is to prove that he can, literally, swim with the big boys, that he has left his childish ways behind, and that he is ready to navigate new challenges and conflicts in life.

`12yy' - 7e^x = 0` Find the general solution of the differential equation

For the given problem: `12yy'-7e^x=0` , we can evaluate this by applying variable separable differential equation in which we express it in a form of `f(y) dy = f(x)dx` .


 Then, `12yy'-7e^x=0` can be rearrange into `12yy'= 7e^x`


Express `y'`  as `(dy)/(dx)` :


`12y(dy)/(dx)= 7e^x`


Apply direct integration in the form of `int f(y) dy = int f(x)dx` :


`12y(dy)/(dx)= 7e^x`


`12ydy= 7e^xdx`


`int12ydy= int 7e^x dx`


For the both side , we apply basic integration property:...

For the given problem: `12yy'-7e^x=0` , we can evaluate this by applying variable separable differential equation in which we express it in a form of `f(y) dy = f(x)dx` .


 Then, `12yy'-7e^x=0` can be rearrange into `12yy'= 7e^x`


Express `y'`  as `(dy)/(dx)` :


`12y(dy)/(dx)= 7e^x`


Apply direct integration in the form of `int f(y) dy = int f(x)dx` :


`12y(dy)/(dx)= 7e^x`


`12ydy= 7e^xdx`


`int12ydy= int 7e^x dx`


For the both side , we apply basic integration property: `int c*f(x)dx= c int f(x) dx`


`12 int ydy= 7int e^x dx`


Applying Power Rule integration: `int u^n du= u^(n+1)/(n+1)` on the left side.


`12int y dy= 12 *y^(1+1)/(1+1)`


               `= (12y^2)/2`


               `=6y^2`


Apply basic integration formula for exponential function: `int e^u du = e^u+C ` on the right side.


`7int e^x dx = 7e^x+C`


Combining the results for the general solution of differential equation:


`6y^2=7e^x+C`


or 


`(6y^2)/6=(7e^x)/6+C`


`y^2 = (7e^x)/6+C`


`y = +-sqrt((7e^x)/6+C)` 

Friday, 9 December 2016

In "A Christmas Carol," explain how the theme of family is explored. Consider the importance of families.

The theme of family is seen in many ways throughout the story, including in both traditional families and non-traditional families.

  • The Cratchit family is the most prominent one in the story. This consists of Bob Cratchit, his wife, and their six children. They are a very close family. Although they do not have very much, it is obvious throughout the story that they are the ideal family, in the sense that they enjoy each other, love each other, and support each other. They are also very kind people, something we see the parents modeling and the children following.

  • Fred and his wife are Scrooge's only relatives and family. They live nearby and repeatedly try to get Scrooge to join them for Christmas dinner. Fred knows his uncle will turn him down, but he's determined to ask every year. This demonstrates again, a clear loyalty to family. Despite his uncle being intolerable, Fred extends an invitation to him to spend the holidays as a family. Fred and his wife appear to also be very happy and close to one another.

  • Ebenezer and Fan are siblings and we get to see how close they were through the Ghost of Christmas past journey. This is one of the few relationships in Scrooge's life where he was loving and affectionate and when we find out that she died later, we also find out that Scrooge was very sad about her passing. This relationship demonstrates he is capable of close familial relationships, but for whatever reason he has turned his back on them as he has gotten older.

  • Fezziwig and his employees share a very close relationship. We see this in the Ghost of Christmas Past journey as well. At the Christmas party that Fezziwig throws for his employees, he treats them like family. He is kind and caring, and treats everyone of equal value. This tells the reader that anyone can be treated like family - that we can make our own families - that family is a state of mind. So, even though Scrooge does not have many blood relatives still alive in the present, we see him add to his "family" by growing closer to the Cratchits.

  • Finally, we know at the end of A Christmas Carol that Scrooge becomes like an adopted father to Tiny Tim. His relationship with the Cratchits changes entirely and he is an unofficial member of their family. 

What are the three settings in The Shakespeare Stealer?

If we skip the opening setting of Mistress MacGregor's orphanage, then the three settings of The Shakespeare Stealer are the rectory in "the nearby hamlet of Berwick"; the home of Mrs. and Dr. Timothy Bright, a medical practitioner who had studied at Cambridge and who was also the rector of Berwick; Simon Bass's home in Leicester; and the city on the Thames, London City, home of the Globe Theatre.

Widge's stay at the orphanage was dreary. It is not described except to say that the "six or seven" children staying there dined on "barley mush and wild beans," unless times were good and charitably given food was there to fill them up.


When Widge's life came upon a seven-year "grand climateric" [sic], he left behind the dreary orphanage, and the setting changed to the rectory in the hamlet of Berwick, mostly the apothecary in the rectory in Berwick. Dr. Bright was a medical doctor and as such always had "some potion simmering over a pot of burning pitch." The apothecary was clean and neat and "reasonably warm" because of the burning pitch.


A "grand climateric," actually spelled "climacteric," is said to be a life cycle occurring at seven-year intervals, as in years 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, etc. Just when Widge had started to get anxious for himself, as he had been caught in Leeds copying sermons for Bright, and considering running away to Guiana, another "grand climateric" changed the setting again.


The stranger, later known as Falconer, took Widge to the setting of the home of Simon Bass in Leicester. Riding behind Falconer on his horse, from a narrow lane they approached a "substantial house surrounded by a high hedge." In the back was a stable almost as grand as the house. Inside the kitchen, Widge was turned over to kitchen maids who showed him his room in the garret. When he was introduced to Simon Bass, he entered a room so foreign it might have been "another land." It had soft carpet, paneled walls hung with pictures, walls full of books and a writing desk.


Widge left Leicester in the company of Falconer, his safe-passage escort and his minder, to head to the setting of London, with the George, the Globe and Mr. Pope's house. They approached London--a sea of red tile roofs behind the great city walls, clustered up to the river's edge--on Aldersgate Street and entered through Aldersgate. London was (and is) the great city on the River Thames. Ditches ran down the streets for sewage. The thousand buildings on the hill "nudge" the buildings at the river's edge nearly into the water.


They took lodgings at Saint George's Inn, or "the George near the Four Corners." It had an enormous inn room holding massive wooden tables. On the other side of the Thames, polluted with "garbage," lay the Globe Theatre, thirty feet high, three times as wide, eight-sided, built on swampy land drained by ditches crossed on foot bridges. Above the archway was a carving of Atlas supporting the globe, and below was the motto in Latin, "Totus mundus agit histrionem," meaning "All the world's a stage."



Falconer shook his head at [Widge's] ignorance. "All the world's a stage. A line from As You Like It."



Widge was sent by Mr. Heminges to live with Mr. Pope, who had the care of other orphans and "prentices," including Alexander Cooke--or just Sander--with whom Widge would share a "dormer room" [a garret room with a dormer style window]. Mr. Pope and Goodwife Willingson the housekeeper shared the care of these boys in Mr. Pope's house.

Thursday, 8 December 2016

What are some character traits for General Zaroff?

General Zaroff is the antagonist in this story, so most character traits that are associated with him are not positive. I'd like to go a different route with this question, though. I would like to focus on Zaroff's positive characteristics. It's how Zaroff twists those positives that make him such a great antagonist.

First, General Zaroff is a calm and not easily flustered man. He puts his own life at risk when hunting animals, and his life is even more at risk when he hunts humans; however, he is completely calm when on the hunt. Even at the end of the story when Rainsford jumps off of the cliff, Zaroff essentially shrugs and moves on.



When the general and his pack reached the place by the sea, the Cossack stopped. For some minutes he stood regarding the blue-green expanse of water. He shrugged his shoulders. Then be sat down, took a drink of brandy from a silver flask, lit a cigarette, and hummed a bit from Madame Butterfly.



That calmness is also displayed in his conversations with Rainsford. Rainsford flat-out calls Zaroff a murderer, but Zaroff doesn't even bat an eye at the accusation. When a reader looks at the descriptions of the conversation, Rainsford is saying things "hotly" or "stiffly." He's agitated and angry. Zaroff, on the other hand, doesn't get any colorful descriptions. His quotes end with "he answered," "he said," etc. He's utterly calm. He's even calm right before Rainsford kills him.



The general made one of his deepest bows. "I see," he said. "Splendid! One of us is to furnish a repast for the hounds. The other will sleep in this very excellent bed. On guard, Rainsford."



Zaroff is creative. Granted, his creativity is morally suspect, but he does come up with a creative solution to his problem. Zaroff is bored with hunting regular big game. He decides that he needs a form of prey that doesn't rely only on instinct. He needs his prey to be able to reason, so he decides that humans will be his new prey. He then implements an effective plan to lure human prey to his island. Essentially, Zaroff has figured out a way to stock his island with prey.


Zaroff is intelligent and experienced. Rainsford comes up with all kinds of different things to throw Zaroff off of his trail. Rainsford even sets up traps, but none of it works. Zaroff is too knowledgeable about hunting to be fooled. Zaroff is also well-read. Zaroff admits that he has read Rainsford's book. The comment is made in such a way that it gives readers the impression that Zaroff has read many other books too. Additionally, Zaroff takes Rainsford to his library and not his trophy room.



"And now," said the general, "I want to show you my new collection of heads. Will you come with me to the library?"



In a twisted way, some of Zaroff's actions give the superficial appearance of being kind. For instance, he gives his human prey the opportunity to be as physically fit as possible before the hunt--but only because he wants the hunt to be a challenge.

How are race, gender, and class addressed in Oliver Optic's Rich and Humble?

While class does play a role in Rich and Humble , race and class aren't addressed by William Taylor Adams (Oliver Opic's real name) ...