What were three major aspects of industrialization between 1865 and 1920?

Three major aspects of industrialization in this period include the increase of large factories, laissez faire policy (literally "let do" in French), and a rise in the proletariat—the availability of large numbers of workers.

The increases in large factories are closely linked to the idea that everyone should have access to the same decent way of living. To make products more accessible to everyone, they needed to be cheaper—cheaper means mass production (and fast production...

Three major aspects of industrialization in this period include the increase of large factories, laissez faire policy (literally "let do" in French), and a rise in the proletariat—the availability of large numbers of workers.

The increases in large factories are closely linked to the idea that everyone should have access to the same decent way of living. To make products more accessible to everyone, they needed to be cheaper—cheaper means mass production (and fast production so companies don't lose profit). Society was also shifting towards the idea of consumerism, which enabled the growth of large factories and mass production systems (e.g., Ford industries).

This mass production would have been impossible were it not for an increase in workers in urban areas. Mass production required workers to have very little to no education, which made it easier to hire many people to produce massively. This rise of workers in the urban areas occurred as agriculture became more dependent on technology rather than human resources. However, immigration into the United States also played a part during these years.

As to laissez faire, it means exactly what it says: "Let do." This policy meant that the government stood back and did not overly influence the economy or choices of businesses. Businesses were free to do quite as they pleased, and very few governmental regulations were set in place—mostly to the benefit of US businesses.

What do the poems "To Sylvia" by Leopardi and "We are Seven" by Wordsworth have in common in terms of writing style, content, and form?

Both these poems are concerned with the same two major themes: childhood, or youth, and premature death. However, the attitudes of the poems towards these themes are fairly disparate. This can be discerned not only from the content, but also from the rhyme-schemes, tone, and mood of the poems. 

Leopardi's "To Sylvia" is an elegy lamenting the premature death of a girl, Sylvia, "ere the grass was touched with winter's frost". It is composed of...

Both these poems are concerned with the same two major themes: childhood, or youth, and premature death. However, the attitudes of the poems towards these themes are fairly disparate. This can be discerned not only from the content, but also from the rhyme-schemes, tone, and mood of the poems. 

Leopardi's "To Sylvia" is an elegy lamenting the premature death of a girl, Sylvia, "ere the grass was touched with winter's frost". It is composed of six-line stanzas in the Romantic style, and its mood is melancholy. The narrator does describe the "bright color" of life as a child--it is evident that he and Sylvia had grown up together--but to him, this speaks only of "treachery" in nature, because Sylvia was taken by "fell disease" before her time. To this narrator, then, it only increases his "bitterness" to remember the wonder of youth with Sylvia, knowing that she was never able to fulfil her potential--"the flower of thy days thy never did'st see." 

Wordsworth's "We Are Seven" takes a quite different approach in its discussion of children and death. It discusses a meeting between the narrator and a cottage girl, aged eight, who insists that "we are seven" (of herself and her siblings), even though two of their number lie in the churchyard. The tone is far lighter than that of Leopardi's poem, indicated immediately by the structure: the four-line stanzas, in abab rhyming couplets, do not set the scene for a lament or elegy. 

As in "To Sylvia", the poem reflects on the fact that children know nothing of what is to come in terms of what death means--"A simple child...what should it know of death?" The subject of death in Wordsworth's poem, however, is treated as, rather than a tragedy, a sad but simple fact of life. The child's proximity with death is indicated as she describes how she sits by the graves of her siblings to knit her stockings, whose "graves are green". Though the narrator insists "They are dead, those two are dead! Their spirits are in Heaven!" the little girl still feels she is one of seven siblings, and is not troubled by the fact that two are no longer on earth -- "O Master, we are seven!" 

There is a certain sadness in the fact that the child here does not understand what death really means, but if the narrator in "To Sylvia" seems to have brought his life to a halt in a mire of bitterness because of premature death, the family in "We Are Seven" seem to approach death quite differently, whether or not they fully understand it. To them, it is accepted as a natural part of living, and of being a family. In both poems, premature death is saddening, and children are portrayed as innocent of its true meaning, but the effect of the deaths in each case is quite dissimilar. 

Why does HCl, being a covalent compound, dissociate in water?

Strong acids or bases can dissociate completely when placed in a solution of water. HCl is a strong acid with a pH value between 0 and 2. Pure water has a pH of 7. When placing HCl into solution with water, it will shift the pH by increasing the number of Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. When HCl dissociates, it will add H+ ions along with Cl- ions to the solution.

Actually, because the compound...

Strong acids or bases can dissociate completely when placed in a solution of water. HCl is a strong acid with a pH value between 0 and 2. Pure water has a pH of 7. When placing HCl into solution with water, it will shift the pH by increasing the number of Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. When HCl dissociates, it will add H+ ions along with Cl- ions to the solution.

Actually, because the compound HCl contains H atoms bound to the nonmetal Chlorine, this type of compound is known as a nonmetal hydride. When placed in water, the HCl acts as a source of H+ ions thus lowering the pH of the solution.

To summarize, when HCl dissolves in water, its components dissociate into H+ ions and Cl- ions when the covalent bond is broken between them. Water molecules are polar with oxygen atoms negatively charged and the hydrogens positively charged. This helps make water an excellent solvent for polar compounds like HCl due to the attraction of opposite charges.

What is a Whig?

A Whig is either a member of the 19th century American political party, or a a member of a British political party that originated in the 17th century.

In the United States, the Whigs were active from 1833 to 1854. Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the President. The party was founded as an organized protest against the "tyranny" of President Andrew Jackson and his economic policies. Though American Whigs were in agreement about national,...

A Whig is either a member of the 19th century American political party, or a a member of a British political party that originated in the 17th century.

In the United States, the Whigs were active from 1833 to 1854. Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the President. The party was founded as an organized protest against the "tyranny" of President Andrew Jackson and his economic policies. Though American Whigs were in agreement about national, economic development through industry and modernization, they were split on the issue of slavery. This divide eventually led to the party's crumble, with most joining either the Republican or Know-Nothing parties.

In Great Britain, the Whig party was active from 1678 to 1859. Great Britain's Whig party rivaled the Tory party. The Whigs valued the abolition of slavery, tolerance for nonconformist Protestants, free trade, and a constitutional monarchy where Parliament would have more power than the Monarch. They were not a strongly organized party, and most Whigs found stronger leadership and better organization as part of the Liberal Party.

Today, loosely organized and rather minority political parties calling themselves "Whigs" can be found in both England and the United States.

What is a good thesis statement for the story "Cathedral" by Raymond Carver?

A good thesis for Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" can be that a person can share meaningful experiences with those from whom he least expects anything.

The narrator, the husband of a sensitive woman, is a man who has a purposeless existence. He is disconnected from his wife, disinterested in most things, and suffering from an existential angst. He is less than thrilled--jealous, in fact--that his wife has invited to their home her blind friend, Robert. As...

A good thesis for Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" can be that a person can share meaningful experiences with those from whom he least expects anything.

The narrator, the husband of a sensitive woman, is a man who has a purposeless existence. He is disconnected from his wife, disinterested in most things, and suffering from an existential angst. He is less than thrilled--jealous, in fact--that his wife has invited to their home her blind friend, Robert. As he listens to his wife talk to Robert, he has resentment that she can speak of feelings and share with her friend things that she has not even mentioned to him.

After his wife goes on to bed, the narrator and Robert stay in the room where the television is, and they smoke some cannabis. When Robert asks the narrator to draw a cathedral that is being described by the speaker of the television program they are watching, the narrator finds a brown paper bag on which they can draw with Robert keeping his hand on top of that of the narrator. This act of creation becomes a meaningful spiritual experience for the two men, and the trust and friendship shown to him by Robert gives the narrator a new meaning to his life. 

“Well?” [Robert] said. “Are you looking?” My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything. “It’s really something,” I said.

For the first time, the narrator feels things, spiritual things, and he has had a meaningful experience.

What's the difference between a black hole and a neutron star?

Black holes and neutron stars are both the final states of a star in its life cycle. Black holes are formed from massive stars (mass more than 3 times our Sun) after the supernova phase. A black hole is characterized by a singularity and an event horizon. All the matter of the black hole is squeezed into a singularity (region of very, very high density), surrounded by a region of extremely high gravity, known as...

Black holes and neutron stars are both the final states of a star in its life cycle. Black holes are formed from massive stars (mass more than 3 times our Sun) after the supernova phase. A black hole is characterized by a singularity and an event horizon. All the matter of the black hole is squeezed into a singularity (region of very, very high density), surrounded by a region of extremely high gravity, known as the event horizon. Anything that crosses the event horizon will be sucked into the singularity. Not even the light can escape the gravity of the black hole and hence they are invisible. Black holes are detected by the motion of objects around them or when they strip matter and gases from their neighbors.

Neutron stars are made from stars that have also have a mass of more than 3 times that of our Sun. They are formed after a supernova explosion and consist of mostly neutrons, hence the name. They have a very high density and gravity, but not as large as that of a black hole. There is no singularity or event horizon of a neutron star. They do not emit any light and hence are very dim. They are detected either as radio sources (pulsars) or when they strip matter and gases from neighboring stars. 

Hope this helps. 

How do Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero understand the purpose of politics?

First, let's define "politics" as these three would have understood or used the term. The word "political" comes from the Greek word politikos, meaning "of, or pertaining to, the polis." (What's a polis? It refers to a city-state.)

Let's begin with Aristotle, who compared the role of a politician to that of a craftsman. Like a craftsman, he wrote, a politician works within a system, producing and maintaining, keeping things running smoothly by...

First, let's define "politics" as these three would have understood or used the term. The word "political" comes from the Greek word politikos, meaning "of, or pertaining to, the polis." (What's a polis? It refers to a city-state.)

Let's begin with Aristotle, who compared the role of a politician to that of a craftsman. Like a craftsman, he wrote, a politician works within a system, producing and maintaining, keeping things running smoothly by following a certain set of rules. For Aristotle, the politician's rules are laid out in a constitution. The constitution, not the individual politician, is the ruling authority. As he writes in Politics:

Since we see that every city-state is a sort of community and that every community is established for the sake of some good (for everyone does everything for the sake of what they believe to be good), it is clear that every community aims at some good, and the community which has the most authority of all and includes all the others aims highest, that is, at the good with the most authority. This is what is called the city-state or political community. 

Now let's focus on Plato. Plato didn't believe that human beings could be trusted to make the best choices for themselves. He opposed the concept of democracy, because he believed that tyrants could easily rise to power if they exploited the public, and that too many individual people make decisions based on their own personal interests. For Plato, politics existed to provide structure for a public, and to protect the people. 

Cicero considered politics through another lens: he was interested in the relationship between philosophy and politics. Politics, he believed, were more important than philosophy. But he used philosophy as a means to achieve his own political goals. For Cicero, the point of politics was to communicate philosophical ideas and arguments to a public that wouldn't otherwise understand (or care to understand) them.