What is the role of the speaker in The Giver?

The speaker’s job in Jonas’s community is a combination of enforcement and announcements.  For example, when the jet flies overhead, the speaker tells everyone to drop their bicycles and go inside, presumably to protect them from the possible danger.  However, the speaker also is used for public shaming.  When Jonas takes an apple home to inspect it for changing, the speaker makes an announcement that reminds him of the rule against hoarding food. 

The only...

The speaker’s job in Jonas’s community is a combination of enforcement and announcements.  For example, when the jet flies overhead, the speaker tells everyone to drop their bicycles and go inside, presumably to protect them from the possible danger.  However, the speaker also is used for public shaming.  When Jonas takes an apple home to inspect it for changing, the speaker makes an announcement that reminds him of the rule against hoarding food. 

The only thing that happened was the announcement later that evening over the speaker, the announcement that had singled him out without using his name, that had caused both of his parents to glance meaningfully at his desk where the apple still lay. (Ch. 3) 

The announcement is effective, even though it does not name him.  All Jonas’s parents have to do is look at him.  They know that the announcement refers to him.  By making the announcement, the speaker reminds everyone in the community that they are always under surveillance.  Resistance is futile.  The speaker keeps them in line.  When Jonas starts his training, he is surprised that The Giver can flip the switch on the speaker.  No one else can.

Step 1 Choose a company that provides services to end users. This can be from the automotive industry (the service side), personal care, theatre,...

The goods-services continuum is the range of goods and services that a company provides to consumers. For example, you might choose an automotive repair shop or a related business for step 1. This type of company provides car repair work and car maintenance to consumers. These are services. In addition, this type of business provides goods to consumers in the form of car parts that are necessary to fix cars. This type of business bills both for its services (usually priced on an hourly basis) and its goods (the cost of the parts). Therefore, this type of business is somewhere on the middle of the goods/services continuum, as it provides both goods and services. Another type of business you might consider in step 1 is a hair salon. This type of business provides mainly services (hair cuts, hair styling, hair coloring, etc.), but it could also provide goods in the form of shampoos, conditioners, gels, and so on. Therefore, this type of business is more skewed towards services on the goods/services continuum. 

In step 2, you can consider different types of business-to-business firms. For example, law firms only provide services to companies, such as tax consultation or employment-related legal consultations. Law firms do not provide goods to companies. You can consider the types of services that you would like a business-to-business firm to offer to consumers. 

The companies in step 1 provide both goods and services to consumers, while many (but not all) business-to-business companies such as law firms or accountants (who work with businesses) provide only services. The market for business-to-business services is more specialized, and though there are fewer potential customers for these types of services, these types of business-to-business firms often charge more than businesses that offer services directly to consumers. The service continuum goes from a company that sells only goods on one side of the continuum (such as, for example, a company that makes toys) to companies that only offer services (such as legal advice) on the service side of the continuum. Companies in the middle of the continuum offer both goods and services to different degrees.

`yy' = -8cospix` Find the general solution of the differential equation

The general solution of a differential equation in a form of` f(y) y'=f(x)` can

 be evaluated using direct integration.

We can denote `y'` as `(dy)/(dx) ` then, 

`f(y) y'=f(x)`

`f(y) (dy)/(dx)=f(x)`

Rearrange into : `f(y) (dy)=f(x) dx`

To be able to apply direct integration : `intf(y) (dy)=int f(x) dx.`

 Applying this to the given problem: `yy'=-8cos(pix)` ,  we get:

`y(dy)/(dx)=-8cos(pix)`

`y(dy)=-8cos(pix)dx`

`int y(dy)=int-8cos(pix)dx`

For the integration on the left side, we apply Power Ruleintegration: int u^n...

The general solution of a differential equation in a form of` f(y) y'=f(x)` can

 be evaluated using direct integration.

We can denote `y'` as `(dy)/(dx) ` then, 

`f(y) y'=f(x)`

`f(y) (dy)/(dx)=f(x)`

Rearrange into : `f(y) (dy)=f(x) dx`

To be able to apply direct integration : `intf(y) (dy)=int f(x) dx.`

 Applying this to the given problem: `yy'=-8cos(pix)` ,  we get:

`y(dy)/(dx)=-8cos(pix)`

`y(dy)=-8cos(pix)dx`

`int y(dy)=int-8cos(pix)dx`

For the integration on the left side, we apply Power Rule integration: int u^n `du= u^(n+1)/(n+1)` on int `y dy` .

`int y dy = y^(1+1)/(1+1)`

            `= y^2/2`

For the integration on the right side, we apply the basic integration property: `int c*f(x)dx= c int f(x) dx` and basic integration formula for cosine function: `int cos(u) du = sin(u) +C`

`int -8 cos(pix) dx= -8 int cos(pix) dx`

Let `u = pix` then `du = pi dx` or` (du)/pi=dx.`

Then the integral becomes:

`-8 int cos(pix) dx=-8 int cos(u) *(du)/pi`

                              `=-8/pi int cos(u) du`

                             `=-8/pi*sin(u) +C`

Plug-in `u=pix` in `-8/pi*sin(u) +C` , we get:

`-8 int cos(pix) dx=-8/pi*sin(pix) +C`

Combing the results, we get the general solution for differential equation `(yy'=-8cos(pix))` as:

`y^2/2=-8/pi*sin(pix) +C`

`2* [y^2/2] = 2*[-8/pi*sin(pix)]+C`

`y^2 =-16/pi*sin(pix)+C`

The general solution:` y ^2=-16/pisin(pix)+C` can be expressed as:

`y = +-sqrt(-16/pisin(pix)+C)` .

Why are the people afraid of change in "The Lottery"?

Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" is meant to demonstrate the negative impacts of blindly following "tradition" and avoiding societal change. In the story, the lottery is a traditional event that occurs every year on June 27th. The lottery has been an annual event since the first settlers arrived in the town long ago. Although a few things have changed slightly throughout the years, the townspeople refuse to completely change the lottery or to get rid of...

Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" is meant to demonstrate the negative impacts of blindly following "tradition" and avoiding societal change. In the story, the lottery is a traditional event that occurs every year on June 27th. The lottery has been an annual event since the first settlers arrived in the town long ago. Although a few things have changed slightly throughout the years, the townspeople refuse to completely change the lottery or to get rid of it entirely. The most likely reason for their hesitation to end the lottery is that they believe canceling the lottery will cause them to have poor crop growth during the coming season. Jackson does not make the reasoning explicit, but the likelihood of this reasoning can be inferred from statements she has placed throughout the story. As the townspeople discuss nearby towns who have cancelled the lottery entirely, Old Man Warner refers to their decision as foolish and states that there used to be a saying, "Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon." Old man Warner then goes on to say, "First thing you know, we'd all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns." Human sacrifices in return for a good crop yield have been prevalent throughout history, especially in the Aztec culture. It is highly likely that the town does not want to alter or get rid of the lottery for fear that without the annual sacrifice they will have a poor crop yield. 

Who is Charlotte Lucas in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice?

In Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte Lucas is Elizabeth's character foil. A foil is a character whose traits contrast with the traits of another character, usually the main character. An author will use opposing traits to highlight specific traits and make a point. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen contrasts Charlotte Lucas's pragmatic nature with Elizabeth's more romantic ideals to show that, sometimes, romantic notions should be tempered with pragmatism.Charlotte...

In Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte Lucas is Elizabeth's character foil. A foil is a character whose traits contrast with the traits of another character, usually the main character. An author will use opposing traits to highlight specific traits and make a point. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen contrasts Charlotte Lucas's pragmatic nature with Elizabeth's more romantic ideals to show that, sometimes, romantic notions should be tempered with pragmatism.

Charlotte Lucas is the eldest daughter of Sir William and Lady Lucas. In Chapter 5, the narrator explains that Sir William had been a tradesman in Meryton who earned a considerable fortune and became mayor of the town. While being mayor, he had also been knighted by the king. After being knighted, he quit his business in Meryton and purchased Lucas Lodge to take up the life of a gentleman. However, the narrator comments that he really gave up his business too soon, and, as a result, he had no fortune for his children to inherit. Since he has no fortune to pass down to his children, Charlotte knows she must marry a man with a comfortable income or else be a burden to her family. Unfortunately, since she is plain and 27 years old, she does not have many marital prospects. Hence, when Mr. Collins proposes after being rejected by Elizabeth, Charlotte is very happy to accept due to the practical reasons that he can provide her with a comfortable home and that his character is good enough to make her as happy as most married women.

Elizabeth is at first shocked to learn Charlotte had accepted Mr. Collins's proposal since Elizabeth places more value on feelings than on practicality. Yet, when she sees Charlotte being happy and making the best of her new home, she is obliged to admit that Charlotte's decision to marry Mr. Collins was the best one for her. Austen uses Charlotte's happiness to show that one needs to use a balance of practical judgement and emotions in making decisions, especially decisions concerning marriage.

"The Sniper" by Liam O'Flaherty takes place during the Irish Civil War. What do you think O'Flaherty is trying to say about the war in this story?...

Tone is the attitude of a writer toward a subject.  Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words that the author uses for a particular subject.

"The Sniper" is a story about civil war.  It is a story that shows the horrors and brutality of war.  O'Flaherty is not romanticizing war in this story.  His word choice conveys his overall pessimistic and negative attitude about civil war.  Let's look to the first paragraph for an example.

...

Tone is the attitude of a writer toward a subject.  Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words that the author uses for a particular subject.

"The Sniper" is a story about civil war.  It is a story that shows the horrors and brutality of war.  O'Flaherty is not romanticizing war in this story.  His word choice conveys his overall pessimistic and negative attitude about civil war.  Let's look to the first paragraph for an example.

The long June twilight faded into night. Dublin lay enveloped in darkness but for the dim light of the moon that shone through fleecy clouds, casting a pale light as of approaching dawn over the streets and the dark waters of the Liffey.

Notice the night setting and the emphasis on darkness.  The moon is shining, but it doesn't even have full brightness, because of the cloud cover.  It's literally a dark setting about a dark and negative topic. O'Flaherty's description of the sniper further deepens the pessimistic tone. 

They were deep and thoughtful, the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death.

The Republican sniper is not new to killing.  He's experienced at dealing death through a rifle scope.  The pessimistic tone continues once the sniper begins fighting for his life.  Enemy combatants are not described or named.  This creates detachment for readers and the sniper.  The old woman, soldier, and enemy sniper are simply faceless targets.  It's as if O'Flaherty is attempting to show readers how war dehumanizes people. The ending of the story is the most pessimistic and negative part of the entire story.  Readers realize that while the sniper succeeded in securing his own survival, it was at the cost of killing his own brother.  War is bad, but civil war tears apart families.  

How did Kathy's Islamic faith serve her after Hurricane Katrina?

In Dave Eggers' nonfiction book Zeitoun, Kathy is an American who converts from Christianity to Islam. Her conversion to the Islamic faith is for both spiritual and intellectual reasons, and occurs before she meets her husband, Abdulrahman Zeitoun. As Kathy immerses herself in the tradition, she discovers that in many ways, Islam is quite similar to Christianity. Her conversion is largely a learning process in which she realizes that many of the things she thought...

In Dave Eggers' nonfiction book Zeitoun, Kathy is an American who converts from Christianity to Islam. Her conversion to the Islamic faith is for both spiritual and intellectual reasons, and occurs before she meets her husband, Abdulrahman Zeitoun. As Kathy immerses herself in the tradition, she discovers that in many ways, Islam is quite similar to Christianity. Her conversion is largely a learning process in which she realizes that many of the things she thought about the Islamic faith were incorrect assumptions.

As Kathy further immerses herself in Islam, she does so with curiosity and open-mindedness. Those attitudes serve her well throughout the trying times of Hurricane Katrina and the unfounded, brutal detention of her husband Zeitoun.  

Before Hurricane Katrina made landfall, Kathy and her children went to Phoenix, Arizona for safety. There, they stayed with Yuko, another American convert to Islam. Yuko supports Kathy and the children throughout the hurricane and Zeitoun's detention. Yuko's support throughout the process is extremely helpful to Kathy. The relationship between these two women began in childhood, and the women remained bonded throughout (and as a result of) both of their conversions to Islam. 

Kathy's open mind and fierce personality seem to motivate her the most throughout the novel, particularly in trying and difficult times, such as Hurricane Katrina and Zeitoun's arrest. Kathy's personality was a gateway through which she decided to convert to Islam. Her personality is the largest motivating force that allowed her to get through the hurricane and the prolonged separation from Zeitoun.