Overall, which alliance system was the strongest in World War I? Why?

There were two alliance systems in World War I—the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.  The Triple Alliance, formed in 1882, was made up of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.  The Triple Entente, formed in 1907, was made of France, Russia, and Great Britain.  Both from a military and a loyalty standpoint, the Triple Entente would prove to be more powerful.  Italy left the Triple Alliance in World War I in order to join the Allied...

There were two alliance systems in World War I—the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.  The Triple Alliance, formed in 1882, was made up of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.  The Triple Entente, formed in 1907, was made of France, Russia, and Great Britain.  Both from a military and a loyalty standpoint, the Triple Entente would prove to be more powerful.  Italy left the Triple Alliance in World War I in order to join the Allied powers and to take some land from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  The Ottoman Empire joined the Triple Alliance in 1914 in order to claim land in southern Russia and to avenge the Russo-Turkish War of 1878.  Germany was the strongest member of the Triple Alliance, and it suffered most of the losses of the Central Powers during World War I.  The Austro-Hungarian Empire was quite weak by 1914, as the different ethnic groups in it were trying to separate and form their own states.

Britain was the largest imperial power in the world in 1914 and had the largest navy—any alliance containing Britain would already be at an economic and military advantage.  France and Russia were great powers in their own right, though Russia would have to leave the war in 1917 due to a revolution.  The greatest strength of the Triple Entente was that Britain and France were able to coordinate attacks along the Western front and that they were able to convince the United States to join the war in 1917.    

Why does the nurse mark the medicine down as charity?

Although she's dealt with Phoenix on a number of previous occasions, the nurse still looks at her as just a frail, little old lady, one of many who turn up to the clinic on a regular basis. To the nurse, Phoenix is just "Aunt Phoenix," a slightly bothersome granny who turns up a couple of times each year to pick up some medicine for her grandson. The nurse marks the medicine down as charity as...

Although she's dealt with Phoenix on a number of previous occasions, the nurse still looks at her as just a frail, little old lady, one of many who turn up to the clinic on a regular basis. To the nurse, Phoenix is just "Aunt Phoenix," a slightly bothersome granny who turns up a couple of times each year to pick up some medicine for her grandson. The nurse marks the medicine down as charity as she assumes that Phoenix is poor, a charity case, so to speak. The attendant has the same impression, which she confirms by giving Phoenix a nickel from her purse, as it's nearly Christmas.

Phoenix says that she'll use the money (plus the nickel she picked up from the hunter earlier in the story) to buy her grandson a paper windmill. Despite what Phoenix says, we're not actually sure that her grandson really is still alive. If he has indeed passed away, then Phoenix's acceptance of both the medicine and the money on his behalf, and not hers, is a way of maintaining her pride and dignity in extreme old age.

Write a summary of "The Man from a Peddler's Family" by Lu Wenfu.

This story is about the effects of the Cultural Revolution on individuals in China. The protagonists in this story are Mr. Gao, a school teacher who is a member of the Communist Party in China, and Zhu Yuanda, a peddler of soup who is not a Party member. The day after Mr. Gao moves to his new house (32 years before he tells the story), he meets Zhu selling wontons. Gao makes his living correcting compositions for other overworked teachers, and, as he often has to work late at night, he buys wontons, which he describes as "a powerful temptation and a delight!"

Zhu's practices are capitalist in nature, as he follows the laws of supply and demand. He tells Mr. Gao, "always say there's a limited supply of your product. Then people will snap it up." 

Eventually, however, the government turns against all forms of capitalism, and Zhu is forced to sell his goods on the black market. Gao warns his friend that the government will crack down on capitalism, but Zhu is confident about the permanence of capitalism. He says, "Relax. It can't be destroyed. There are people who want to buy things, and those who want to sell. If the state-run stores won't sell things, how can you say capitalism will be abolished?"

Despite Zhu's confidence, he is denounced during the government's anti-rightist campaign, and he asks Mr. Gao to write a self-criticism for him when Zhu is accused of profiteering. Gao criticizes his friend for only working for himself, but Zhu defends himself, saying that he also serves the people by offering them what they want. In speaking with Zhu, who has four children, Mr. Gao realizes how hard the peddler's life has been and how comparatively easy his life has been. He says, "It felt as though cold water had been thrown in my face." Nonetheless, he tries to block out the difficulty of Zhu's situation. He does, however, allow his family to buy from Zhu and celebrates when market freedoms are occasionally permitted by the government.

Over time, Gao also is denounced because he believes that people should work for their money, not just spout jargon about the Party, as he calls it. Gao is not sent to a labor camp, and he retains his salary. However, Zhu suffers a worse fate. His wonton cart is crushed, and he must serve as a laborer in the country. When he returns after eight years, he has become a believer in the Communist Party and wants his son to attend college so that he can spout Party jargon. In the end, Gao thinks, "In these past years I and others had hurt him. We had stifled so much spirit." Gao realizes that everyone just wants to have enough food and to be free of worry, which will not happen under the current system. 

What kind of person is Gamasa Al-Bulti, and what happens to him?

Gamasa Al-Bulti is the police chief under the Governor Khalil al-Hamadhani. Al-Bulti is a corrupt man who punishes innocent people and arrests his friend Sanaan Al-Gamali but who does not recognize that he himself has an evil side. Al-Bulti's main function is to serve his superiors rather than to mete out justice.

A genie named Singam decides to acquaint Al-Bulti with the error of his ways. Singam helps Al-Bulti to recognize his own corruptness by...

Gamasa Al-Bulti is the police chief under the Governor Khalil al-Hamadhani. Al-Bulti is a corrupt man who punishes innocent people and arrests his friend Sanaan Al-Gamali but who does not recognize that he himself has an evil side. Al-Bulti's main function is to serve his superiors rather than to mete out justice.

A genie named Singam decides to acquaint Al-Bulti with the error of his ways. Singam helps Al-Bulti to recognize his own corruptness by causing crimes to erupt across the city, making Al-Bulti feel futile and wounded. As Mahfouz writes, "He was angry about being insulted and his strong and defiant nature took control of him. His tendencies toward good became submerged and disappeared to faraway depths." In other words, the genie causes Al-Bulti to feel defensive, and, after feeling wounded, Al-Bulti resolves to do good and change his evil ways. When Singam asks Al-Bulti what his wish is, Al-Bulti responds that he wants to "destroy criminals and rule the nation with purity and justice."

To make up for his past errors, Al-Bulti decides to kill the governor, Khalil al-Hamadhani, as he believes that killing the corrupt governor is justified. After he carries out the killing, he is sentenced to die. However, at the last minute, the genie, Singam, saves Al-Bulti by creating a double who is executed. Al-Bulti witnesses his double being killed, and Singam explains, "You are alive—all they killed was a likeness of my making." The death of Al-Bulti's double symbolizes his turn to righteousness. Al-Bulti becomes a mad prophet named Abdullah the Porter, also called Gamasa II, who tries to rid the world of corruption and evil. 

How can I describe a time when I have observed the transmission, reflection, or absorption of a sound?

I will go into all three interactions with a single example because all three interactions can occur one right after another.  Suppose that your brother locks himself in his bedroom, and you have to convince him to open the door.  When you begin talking, your voice sends sound wave energy at the closed door.  When that sound energy hits the hard, flat surface of the door, some of that sound energy is reflectedback to...

I will go into all three interactions with a single example because all three interactions can occur one right after another.  Suppose that your brother locks himself in his bedroom, and you have to convince him to open the door.  When you begin talking, your voice sends sound wave energy at the closed door.  When that sound energy hits the hard, flat surface of the door, some of that sound energy is reflected back to you.  Some of the original sound energy from your voice will also attempt to pass through the door into your brother's room, but not all of it will make it through.  The sound energy that doesn't get reflected or make it through the door is absorbed sound energy.  What does make it through the door and into your brother's room is the transmitted sound energy.  I've attached an image to help explain. 

What was Godfrey's attitude about his father's methods of raising children?

The answer to your question lies in Chapter 9. Godfrey's attitude about his father's methods of raising children can hardly be called complimentary. Basically, Godfrey doesn't think his father has any genuine interest in his sons at all; he views his father as an oppressive and antagonistic paternal figure, whose only concern is his money and his social reputation.

The exchange between Godfrey and Squire Cass in this chapter is laden with conflict. Godfrey finds himself in the difficult position of explaining that he has given Fowler's rent to Dunsey, his brother. Because of his ill-placed trust in Dunsey, Godfrey now finds himself in debt to his father. Meanwhile, Squire Cass is apoplectic when he hears that Godfrey had given the money to Dunsey. Godfrey admits that he tried to sell his horse, Wildfire, in order to come up with the rent money. However, with Wildfire's untimely death, he now has no means of securing the hundred pounds.

For his part, Squire Cass proclaims that he will turn Dunsey out of his home for embarrassing him. He orders Godfrey to bring Dunsey before him. However, Godfrey doesn't know where Dunsey is and answers meekly that his brother will be back in due time. Squire Cass isn't satisfied with his answer, and he accuses Godfrey of colluding with Dunsey to rob him of his money. Squire Cass also opines that Godfrey must have bribed Dunsey to keep silent about what happened to the rent money.

Squire Cass complains that he's been too good a father to both his sons and that they have taken advantage of his leniency. However, Godfrey thinks otherwise. He doesn't believe his father's so-called indulgence has been kindness at all, but rather a result of his characteristic indolence (laziness). In Godfrey's mind, Squire Cass views his sons as hostile rivals.

On one hand, Squire Cass expects Godfrey to help him manage his extensive properties, but on the other hand, he balks at any effort on Godfrey's part to comply. Godfrey explains sadly that his father always feels threatened by his efforts. For his part, Squire Cass refuses to admit he is largely responsible for the conflict-ridden relationship he has with his sons. So, Godfrey's attitude to his father's method of raising children is one of resignation, disappointment, and regret. He wishes that his father had been a better parent.

What is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration?

There are a number of differences between the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.

Photosynthesis takes place in green plants, cyanobacteria, and algae. In this process, carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, are converted to glucose and oxygen. In other words, the process causes the conversion of light energy to chemical energy. Since the energy is stored in the form of glucose molecules in photosynthesis, this process can be considered to be endothermic...

There are a number of differences between the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.

Photosynthesis takes place in green plants, cyanobacteria, and algae. In this process, carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, are converted to glucose and oxygen. In other words, the process causes the conversion of light energy to chemical energy. Since the energy is stored in the form of glucose molecules in photosynthesis, this process can be considered to be endothermic in nature. Photosynthesis can be summarized by the following chemical reaction:

`6CO_2 + 6H_2O + sunlight -> C_6H_12O_6 + 6O_2`

Respiration, on the other hand, takes place in all living organisms. This process can be considered to be the "reverse" of photosynthesis, since the reactants in this process are glucose and oxygen, while the products are carbon dioxide and water. Since energy is released in this process (in the form of ATP molecules), this process is exothermic. The process of respiration can be summarized by the following chemical reaction:

`C_6H_12O_6 + 6O_2 -> 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP`

(Here, ATP simply refers to the energy that is released during the process of respiration. The actual number of ATP molecules released during respiration will be dependent on a number of factors, including presence or absence of oxygen, etc.)

Also note that while photosynthesis takes place only in the presence of sunlight, the process of respiration takes place continuously throughout the lifetime of living organisms. 

Hope this helps.

When is acceleration equal to zero? Is it when there is no change in velocity? How does it appear on motion graphs?

The acceleration of a body is defined as the rate of change of velocity. If v is the velocity of a body and t d time, then acceleration, a, of a body can be written as:

a = dv/dt

When acceleration is zero (that is, a = dv/dt = 0), rate of change of velocity is zero. That is, acceleration is zero when the velocity of the object is constant. 

Motion graphs represent the variations...

The acceleration of a body is defined as the rate of change of velocity. If v is the velocity of a body and t d time, then acceleration, a, of a body can be written as:

a = dv/dt

When acceleration is zero (that is, a = dv/dt = 0), rate of change of velocity is zero. That is, acceleration is zero when the velocity of the object is constant. 

Motion graphs represent the variations in distance, velocity and acceleration with time. For zero acceleration, the distance-time plot will be a line of constant slope (v = dx/dt, that is velocity is constant). The velocity-time plot will be a straight, horizontal line (depicting a constant velocity) for zero acceleration. The acceleration-time plot will be a straight line coinciding with the x-axis, since acceleration is zero.

Hope this helps. 

How can I develop a thesis statement relating to obesity prevention?

A thesis statement is simply a summary of your thesis or the main argument of your paper. Before you can construct a thesis "statement," you need to develop a thesis. To do so, you need to do research about the causes of obesity and different strategies which have been used to reduce obesity. Since this is a subject for which a Google search returns over a million results, your first step is narrowing your topic...

A thesis statement is simply a summary of your thesis or the main argument of your paper. Before you can construct a thesis "statement," you need to develop a thesis. To do so, you need to do research about the causes of obesity and different strategies which have been used to reduce obesity. Since this is a subject for which a Google search returns over a million results, your first step is narrowing your topic in order to make it possible to research and write about in a short period of time. 

One topic you might choose is prevention of obesity in children in the United States. To narrow this farther, you might look at recent pilot programs studying home visitation as a technique to prevent obesity among Native American pre-school children. You might claim that community-based programs that work closely with parents are an effective way to reduce obesity in a particular vulnerable population. Alternatively, you might look at other groups such as high school students in your community or low-income middle-aged Caucasian males in the southern United States. 

The key to writing a paper on this sort of topic is to narrow it to focus on some one specific aspect of the problem rather than just creating vague generalizations. 

What is the mood and tone of "Winter Dreams?"

F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story was written in 1922, and believed by Fitzgerald scholars to be the forerunner of The Great Gatsby because of its theme of class differences and how they factor into matters of the heart and the sadness of a misspent life.

The overall mood and tone of the story could be called lamenting or discontented. Dexter Green never seems to find happiness: not as a young man when he dreams of...

F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story was written in 1922, and believed by Fitzgerald scholars to be the forerunner of The Great Gatsby because of its theme of class differences and how they factor into matters of the heart and the sadness of a misspent life.

The overall mood and tone of the story could be called lamenting or discontented. Dexter Green never seems to find happiness: not as a young man when he dreams of financial success, not in his relationship with Irene, not in his acquisition of wealth, career success and consequent social access, not in his on-again off-again relationship with Judy, and certainly not when he learns of Judy's sad fate as a betrayed wife who has lost her beauty.  

Dexter is mournful at the story's end as realizes that, in many ways, he has wasted his youth chasing after illusions.

Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black box indicates that the net outward electric flux through the surface of the box...

Use Gauss's law relate the electric flux with the charge enclosed in the box. Since the electric flux is directly proportional to the net amount of enclosed charge in the box, if the flux is zero, so is the net amount of charge. Keep in mind there may may equal amount of positive and negative charge.

Use Gauss's law relate the electric flux with the charge enclosed in the box. Since the electric flux is directly proportional to the net amount of enclosed charge in the box, if the flux is zero, so is the net amount of charge. Keep in mind there may may equal amount of positive and negative charge.

In 1984, does the Party use brainwashing and torture to control the Proles? How does the Party ensure that the Proles do not improve their status?

In 1984, the Party does not use brainwashing and torture to control the Proles like it does to control Party members. In fact, what is interesting about the Party's relationship with the Proles is that, generally speaking, it leaves them completely free to live their own lives. The Proles are not monitored by telescreens, for example, and are not required to take part in Party activities, like the Two Minutes Hate or Physical Jerks.

As Winston points out, the Proles make up 85% of the population of Oceania. Considering their large numbers, the Party only deploys a few agents from the Thought Police to keep the Proles in check. These agents "spread false rumors" and remove the few individuals who are deemed dangerous, as Winston explains in Part One, Chapter Seven. Beyond that, the Proles are left to manage their own affairs and their lives tend the follow the same pattern:

They were born, they grew up in the gutters, they went to work at twelve, they passed through a brief blossoming-period of beauty and sexual desire, they married at twenty, they were middle-aged at thirty, they died, for the most part, at sixty. Heavy physical work, the care of home and children, petty quarrels with neighbours, films, football, beer, and above all, gambling, filled up the horizon of their minds. 

It is this simple life which prevents the Proles from ever rising up and becoming a threat to the Party. As pointed out in Part Two, Chapter Nine, they are ignorant to the notion that they are strong enough to ever pose a real threat to the Party:

From the proletarians nothing is to be feared. Left to themselves, they will continue from generation to generation and from century to century, working, breeding, and dying, not only without any impulse to rebel, but without the power of grasping that the world could be other than it is.

The Proles are, therefore, happy and content as they are. They have no interest in ever improving their social status because the Party leaves them to live as they choose. The Party also allows them to have as much entertainment as they wish: music, gambling, alcohol, and pornography flood the Prole districts, ensuring that the Proles are kept permanently amused.

So, is it the Proles' ignorance which keeps them under control and which also prevents them from ever feeling the need to improve their station. In Winston's mind, access to education is the only thing which might give them the necessary awareness to rise up and rebel. But the Party has no intention of ever giving them that privilege.

Who are the female characters in The Odyssey?

Perhaps the most important female character in the Odyssey is Penelope, Odysseus's long-suffering wife and Telemachus's mother. She is often called "heedful Penelope" because she is so obedient and loyal. Despite intense pressure from the suitors, Penelope remains committed to Odysseus, believing that he is still alive and will return to Ithaca despite his nearly twenty-year absence.

The most important female character as concerns Odysseus's journey home is the goddess Athena. She routinely helps him...

Perhaps the most important female character in the Odyssey is Penelope, Odysseus's long-suffering wife and Telemachus's mother. She is often called "heedful Penelope" because she is so obedient and loyal. Despite intense pressure from the suitors, Penelope remains committed to Odysseus, believing that he is still alive and will return to Ithaca despite his nearly twenty-year absence.

The most important female character as concerns Odysseus's journey home is the goddess Athena. She routinely helps him and his son, Telemachus, often protecting them from the ill will of the suitors who ravage the family's resources in Odysseus's absence. Athena also convinces her father, Zeus, to intervene on Odysseus's behalf with Calypso, a goddess who has kept Odysseus captive on her island, as her lover, for several years. Calypso refuses to let Odysseus leave until Hermes tells her that Zeus has commanded it.

Odysseus also has a run-in with the goddess Circe on his way home. The witch initially turns his men into animals until Odysseus comes to rescue them, having been coached by Hermes on what to do.

There are a few other minor female characters (including several female monsters: Scylla, Charybdis, the sirens—but they are not characters, per se), though these four—Penelope, Athena, Calypso, and Circe—are the most significant to Odysseus's journey.

From Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game," is Rainsford responsible for Zaroff's death?

In Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game," whether Rainsford is responsible for Zaroff's death or not can be argued two ways. First, one could argue that Rainsford is responsible for Zaroff's death simply because he wins the final battle. Two men, seemingly of equal strength and wits, face each other to the death in Zaroff's room. The fight, therefore, is fair, and Rainsford wins by killing Zaroff. As a result, yes, Rainsford is responsible for...

In Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game," whether Rainsford is responsible for Zaroff's death or not can be argued two ways. First, one could argue that Rainsford is responsible for Zaroff's death simply because he wins the final battle. Two men, seemingly of equal strength and wits, face each other to the death in Zaroff's room. The fight, therefore, is fair, and Rainsford wins by killing Zaroff. As a result, yes, Rainsford is responsible for Zaroff's death. Zaroff even accepts the terms of this fight and freely participates when he says the following:

"I see. . . Splendid! One of us is to furnish a repast for the hounds. The other will sleep in this very excellent bed. On guard, Rainsford."

On the other hand, one could argue that Rainsford is not responsible for killing Zaroff because he virtually turns into a beast that simply fights for its life. Therefore, the argument could be that Rainsford is so far past rational human thinking at the end of the story that he reacts like a beast. In fact, Rainsford claims the following:

"I am still a beast at bay. . . Get ready, General Zaroff."

When Rainsford speaks metaphorically about being a beast at bay, he might also be speaking from a psychologically literal sense. For example, Zaroff forces Rainsford to act like a hunted beast for three days and nights in a jungle. Due to the mental trauma inflicted upon him over the course of these days, Rainsford starts to think and behave like a beast in order to survive. A "beast at bay" means that it has been cornered and must turn and fight to survive. Therefore, one could argue that Rainsford is not responsible for his actions when he kills Zaroff because he has been driven to the point of irrational thinking--thinking like a beast at bay and not as a human. One might also say that Rainsford could probably plead insanity for killing Zaroff and not be held responsible for his actions. 

How does Kundera’s novel depict everyday life under Stalinism?

This is Milan Kundera's first novel, originally published in Czechoslovakia in 1967. We get the viewpoints of four different characters, and, together, these give us a full picture of what life was like in Czechoslovakia at that time and the decades beforehand. 

The novel is called The Joke because Ludvik's life was ruined by a joke he made (which the leaders of the Communist party overreacted too) and because the people of Czechoslovakia under Stalinism...

This is Milan Kundera's first novel, originally published in Czechoslovakia in 1967. We get the viewpoints of four different characters, and, together, these give us a full picture of what life was like in Czechoslovakia at that time and the decades beforehand. 

The novel is called The Joke because Ludvik's life was ruined by a joke he made (which the leaders of the Communist party overreacted too) and because the people of Czechoslovakia under Stalinism were victims to "the joke history played on them." Ludvik essentially became a prisoner in "military service," and Jaroslav feels that he is watching Moravian culture fade before his eyes. Even Zemanek, who betrayed Ludvik and got him ousted from the party, eventually becomes a supporter of a more liberal regime. Overall, the novel shows Kundera's view of how strict and unforgiving the communist party became in this country, to the point that most of the people of Czechoslovakia found that repression of their rights and culture was a daily occurrence.

In Ludvik's eyes, everyday life under Stalinism is devastating. 

Why did the veteran prisoners tattoo Elie when he got to the camp?

In the book, Elie and his father are tattooed with numbers by "veteran prisoners."

Elie writes that the number A-7713 is tattooed onto his left arm and that from that moment on, he is no longer addressed by his name. Historical records have confirmed that the Jewish prisoners were all given numbers; the purpose was to dehumanize the prisoners and to remove all personal pride and identity from the minds of the incarcerated. The Nazis...

In the book, Elie and his father are tattooed with numbers by "veteran prisoners."

Elie writes that the number A-7713 is tattooed onto his left arm and that from that moment on, he is no longer addressed by his name. Historical records have confirmed that the Jewish prisoners were all given numbers; the purpose was to dehumanize the prisoners and to remove all personal pride and identity from the minds of the incarcerated. The Nazis had planned to destroy both the bodies and minds of their prisoners, and they were successful in many millions of cases.

The Nazis had hoped that, by obliterating the personal identities of their prisoners, they would cease to think of themselves as human. To the Nazis, it was also a convenient way to rationalize their immense cruelty towards the prisoners themselves.

According to historical records, only prisoners selected for work at Auschwitz were given tattoos. Those who were sent straight to the crematoriums were not given tattoos or numbers. Originally, numbers were sewn onto uniforms, but due to the high mortality rate among prisoners, metal stamps were used to stamp serial numbers onto a prisoner's left upper chest. When that proved impractical, needles were used to pierce numbers onto the left upper forearms of prisoners.

For more on this topic, please refer to the link below.

How many colonists remained loyal to Britain during the war for independence?

According to the Calhoon (2005, see the source below), about 15–20% of the 2 million white colonists were Loyalists, people who remained loyal to Great Britain and who were opposed to the American Revolution (as opposed to Patriots, who supported the Revolution). This means that about 300,000–400,000 people were Loyalists at the outset of the American Revolution. (Some sources quote the number of Loyalists at 500,000 people.)

Following the Revolution, most loyalists remained in the...

According to the Calhoon (2005, see the source below), about 15–20% of the 2 million white colonists were Loyalists, people who remained loyal to Great Britain and who were opposed to the American Revolution (as opposed to Patriots, who supported the Revolution). This means that about 300,000–400,000 people were Loyalists at the outset of the American Revolution. (Some sources quote the number of Loyalists at 500,000 people.)

Following the Revolution, most loyalists remained in the United States and became citizens. However, about 60,000 people left (see Jasanoff in the sources below). The majority of those who left went to Canada, including New Brunswick, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Others went to Florida or to England. Those who had slaves brought them with them.

Sources:

Calhoon, Robert M. "Loyalism and neutrality", p. 235; Middlekauff (2005) pp. 563–564; Thomas B. Allen, Tories: Fighting for the King in America's First Civil War (2010).

Jasanoff, Maya. (2012). Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World. Random House. p. 357.

The operations manager from Q4 wants to make sure the right sample size was used to collect the observations and calculate the standard time.The...

The time, t, for a manufacturing process is required to be estimated, with 99% confidence, that a +/-2% accuracy interval about the estimate for t, t*, will contain the true value of t. The question is whether a sample size of n=10 will be large enough, with 99% confidence, for this to be true.

We require that t is in the interval [t*(1-a),t*(1+b)] with 99% confidence, where

(Eqn 1) a +b = 0.04 (so that the interval covers 4% around t* but need not be exactly symmetric)

We can simplify the problem by moving to the log scale, so that log(t) is required to fall in the interval about log(t*)

[log(t*) + log(1-a), log(t*) + log(1+b)]

with 99% confidence.

For a symmetric 4%-wide interval about log(t*) we have that

-log(1-a) = log(1+b) = c

giving the identity

(Eqn 2) (1-a)(1+b) = 1

Substituting a = 0.04-b  from (Eqn 1) into (Eqn 2) we have that

(b+0.96)(1+b) = 1

b^2 + 1.96b - 0.04 = 0

Solving using the quadratic formula to obtain b and then using (Eqn 1) to obtain a we have

a = 0.0198, b = 0.0202 and hence c = log(1+b) = 0.02

The values of a and b are not quite equal, since for a +/-2% interval to be additive on the logarithmic scale, the 4%-wide interval on the original scale needs to be slightly asymmetric. Note that 2% is so small a percentage that it translates very closely to 0.02 on the log scale.

Hence an interval for the sample estimate of log(t), log(t*), that allows for +/-2% error in the estimate log(t*) is given by

(Eqn 3) log(t*) +/- 0.02

Now, applying the Central Limit Theorem, we assume that the sampling distribution of log(t*) can be approximated as Normal(log(t), sigma^2/n), where sigma^2 is the underlying variance of measurements of log(t) and n is the sample size.

A 99% confidence interval for log(t) from a sample size n will thus be of the form

(Eqn 4) log(t*) +/- 2.58sigma/sqrt(n)

where 2.58 is the 99.5th percentile of the standard Normal distribution. By taking 0.5% off each end of the distribution, we ensure we have a two-sided 99% confidence interval.

In practice, we of course need to plug an estimate of sigma, sigma*, into (Eqn 4), since the true value of sigma is unknown.

Since the 99% interval in (Eqn 4) is required to be no larger than the +/-2% accuracy interval in (Eqn 3), we require that

0.02 >= 2.58sigma/sqrt(n)

that is

n >= (2.58/0.02)^2sigma^2

n >= 16641sigma^2

Supposing that we have a sample estimate for sigma of sigma* = 6 seconds = 0.1 mins then we would require

n >= 166.41

Unless the process is a fast process and the accuracy of the measurement of the time it takes is also good, a sample of size n=10 is not enough to be 99% confident that the interval [t*(1-a),t*(1+b)] contains the true time length t, where the width of the interval is 4% of t* wide. Allowing only 4% inaccuracy on either side of the estimate t* means that a sample of only n=10 will result in lower confidence that t is in the interval about t* than 99%. In fact, the associated confidence in this case would be only

2*(1-Phi(0.02*sqrt(10)/0.1)) = 2*(1-Phi(0.632)) = 52.7%

where Phi() is the cdf of the standard Normal distribution. This is a very low level of confidence when compared to 99%.

I have to write a text about whether grammar should be taught or not in English as a foreign language class and discuss how grammar should be...

Coming from an English as a Foreign Language specialist, the universal consensus is that you should teach any foreign language completely, along with its rules, meanings, proper and ethical usage. The rationale behind this is that language is never taught in isolation. The reason for this is that words and phrases are never used in isolation, either. They come together with reasoning, understanding, and, like you state in your question, explicit, implicit, deductive and inductive meaning.

In order for the human brain to grasp the semantic meaning of a second language, the system itself needs to be "word attacked," or systematically studied, from the inside out. 

While a few English Language specialists may disagree with the way English should be taught, theorists from different generations would support the idea that language should be taught as a system, not as a mere cluster of independent words or phrases. 

The Universal Grammar (UG) theory

The UG theory states that grammar consists of a series of processes, principles and categories which are shared by all languages. This theory was initiated in the 13th century, when Roger Bacon proposed that all languages possessed what we can call a grammatical "blueprint," upon which their systems are built. 

Noam Chomsky, one of the most prominent names in linguistics, supports the theory of Universal Grammar and adds, 

"Universal grammar is not a grammar, but rather a theory of grammars, a kind of metatheory or schematism for grammar" (Language and Responsibility, 1979).

By "schematism," Chomsky refers to the way that the language is presented and naturally shows itself along with its form and operative nature.  

Another important observation made by Chomsky regarding the importance of grammar and the innate qualities that it carries, is that Universal Grammar does not happen accidentally. Chomsky defines it as  

The system of principles, conditions, and rules that are elements or properties of all human languages not merely by accident but by necessity (Reflections on Language, 1975).

Moreover, Stephen Pinker in The Stuff of Thought (2007) speaks about "cracking the language code" in order to learn it best. It all boils down to how children learn languages so quickly.

Just look at how children that speak other languages manage to acquire second language so easily. It is because they directly "attack" the language out of necessity. They are motivated by the prospect of communicating and playing with other kids.

This shows, according to Chomsky's theory, that we must all be equipped with a set of mechanisms that decode what is known as the "grammar machinery" that accompanies every language. 

All this being said, the conclusion is simple: Yes, you must teach grammar. However, your teaching may or may not be primarily responsible for the student's acquisition of the language. It will be the innate ability of the student to differentiate, use induction, deduction, problem solving, and memory to finally connect all the dots together. Motivation and processing will also be key. The teacher, essentially, is a conduit.

Deductive and inductive teaching of grammar

In TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) there are two theoretical models of teaching: inductive and deductive. As theoretical models, they basically mean one thing: neither of them is better than the other, and the teacher ultimately chooses the one he or she thinks is best. 

Deductive teaching will move from the general to the specific. You show a typical example of a sentence, for example, and then you break down the lesson into smaller, more in-depth segments. You will present the grammar rule first, then show examples.

Inductive teaching will do the opposite. Teach the segments first, as concepts, and then apply them to a bigger example. Along the way, you ask students whether they can identify patterns, concepts, connections, and similarities from what you taught previously to what you are teaching now. You will first show examples that illustrate a grammar rule. 

A seasoned teacher will probably agree that the best methodology depends on how much time you have to teach, how many students you have, and the level of motivation of the students. 

Implicit and Explicit

Since language has to be understood both explicitly and implicitly, teachers of language must take this into consideration when teaching. However, this is an ongoing debate in the TEFL field that runs the way the "nature versus nurture" debate runs in Psychology. 

Explicit instruction involves explaining rules, providing "metalinguistic feedback" (asking if something is correct or incorrect), comparing and contrasting language, and having students repeat things. 

Implicit instruction is teaching the language without rules or forms. The teacher uses the rules and forms of grammar spontaneously throughout the teaching. The students will recognize the patterns on their own and apply them.

The argument:

Arguably, if you are left alone in a foreign country, you have no other choice but to learn implicitly. In contrast, if you have the means to hire a private tutor, chances are that you learning will be both explicit and implicit. The point is this: You will learn either way!

Pros for explicit instruction

Explicit instruction clarifies any doubts in grammar usage and application, whereas inductive instruction runs the risk of the student confusing a rule or applying it erroneously due to the specificity in the initial instruction.

Pros for implicit instruction

Implicit instruction happens more naturally and may elicit more interest and motivation from students who prefer to learn independently and by discovery. 

All this being said, it is clear that grammar should be taught, whether explicitly or implicitly. It should be taught because according to theory,

• humans are born to understand it


• humans can make the connections


• all languages possess a grammatical blueprint (in theory)


• communication should be taught complete with the internal and external elements.

Go to these readings for more great information and check out study guide on second language acquisition. The link is included in the answer. 

Brown, H.D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching. Pearson Longman.

Haight, C., Herron, C., & Cole, S. (2007). The effects of deductive and guided inductive instructional approaches on the learning of grammar in the elementary language college classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 40, 288-309.

Thornbury, S. (1999). How to Teach Grammar. Pearson.

why was Richard Cory the envy of the town

Richard Cory appears to have everything going for him. He's an incredibly rich man, richer than a king, no less. When he goes on his regular walks through the town, he's always so impeccably well-dressed, cutting quite a dash as he goes about his daily business. Despite his wealth and elite social background, he has no hesitation in stopping to chat with the ordinary folk of the town. He's unfailingly polite in conversation, and he...

Richard Cory appears to have everything going for him. He's an incredibly rich man, richer than a king, no less. When he goes on his regular walks through the town, he's always so impeccably well-dressed, cutting quite a dash as he goes about his daily business. Despite his wealth and elite social background, he has no hesitation in stopping to chat with the ordinary folk of the town. He's unfailingly polite in conversation, and he has exceptionally polished manners. He's clearly a big deal in the town in which he lives, but there's much more to him than just his money and his background; he also possesses extraordinary natural charm and charisma, so much so that he only has to say "Good morning" to make pulses flutter.

Explain how human actvivities affect the phosphorous cycle

The phosphorus cycle occurs between the land and the ocean sediments and it is interesting to note that there is not a gaseous state of phosphorus in the cycle.

Phosphorus is needed by living organisms because it is part of a nucleotide--the subunit which makes up DNA and RNA and it is also a component of ATP, an energy currency that cells use to perform work.

Inorganic phosphorus is released from rocks due to weathering...

The phosphorus cycle occurs between the land and the ocean sediments and it is interesting to note that there is not a gaseous state of phosphorus in the cycle.

Phosphorus is needed by living organisms because it is part of a nucleotide--the subunit which makes up DNA and RNA and it is also a component of ATP, an energy currency that cells use to perform work.

Inorganic phosphorus is released from rocks due to weathering and erosion. Plants can absorb it from the soil. Animals can obtain phosphorus by consuming plants and other animals. When anything dies, the process of decomposition returns phosphorus back to the soil.  When running water erodes the soil, it carries phosphorus to the ocean sediments.

When humans mine phosphorus and use it to make plant fertilizer, it has changed the phosphorus cycle because when farmers apply fertilizer to their fields, it increases the level of phosphorus in an area which might not have had too much phosphorus to begin with. This can cause enrichment to occur in nearby bodies of water due to run off which transports excess phosphorus to the nearest body of water. The phosphorus acts as a fertilizer to the algae population. This can lead to algal blooms. The body of water quickly runs out of oxygen as bacteria begin to decompose dead organisms, including fish. The overall quality of the body of water becomes poor and the ecosystem is at risk of failing.

The use of organic wastes as fertilizer can add phosphorus to an area which will upset the delicate balance of this biogeochemical cycle.

What changed after the October revolution?

Strictly speaking, the events of October 1917 constituted an insurrection rather than a revolution. Since February, Russia had been ruled by a dual power arrangement consisting of a predominantly liberal Provisional Government, and the Soviets, revolutionary councils representing groups such as workers, peasants and soldiers.

Most of those within the Russian political system were committed to the establishment of a Constituent Assembly, which was set to provide the country with its first ever democratically-elected government....

Strictly speaking, the events of October 1917 constituted an insurrection rather than a revolution. Since February, Russia had been ruled by a dual power arrangement consisting of a predominantly liberal Provisional Government, and the Soviets, revolutionary councils representing groups such as workers, peasants and soldiers.

Most of those within the Russian political system were committed to the establishment of a Constituent Assembly, which was set to provide the country with its first ever democratically-elected government. However, the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Lenin, had other ideas. When the results of the Constituent Assembly elections came in, the Bolsheviks found that they had finished in second place behind the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs).

Initially, the Bolsheviks had supported the Constituent Assembly, but their position changed over the course of 1917. They became increasingly radical, calling for all power to be given to the Soviets, where they had majority support. If this were to happen, then the Constituent Assembly, and the "bourgeois democracy" it represented, would effectively be superfluous. After the Assembly convened, it lasted for all of thirteen hours before it was formally dissolved at gunpoint by troops loyal to the Bolsheviks.

In the aftermath of the forced dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, power was formally transferred to the All-Russia Congress of Soviets. In fact, however, power gradually became concentrated in the hands of the Council of People's Commissars, or Sovnarkom, headed by Lenin, and consisting of a coalition of Bolsheviks and Left SRs. Over time, Sovnarkom became the most powerful organ of executive power in Russia. Gradually, the Left SRs were eased out of government as the Bolsheviks turned Russia into a one-party state.

After the October insurrection, the Russian system of government became more repressive, and the Bolsheviks under Lenin unleashed a campaign of terror against anyone perceived to be a threat to the regime. The extensive program of civil rights enacted after the February Revolution was systematically dismantled as the Bolsheviks consolidated their dictatorship. The growing centralization of power, combined with heightened repression, set the tone for Russia's subsequent political, social and economic development until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.

Why did Bill and Sam choose Summit as a location for the kidnapping?

Bill and Sam choose Summit, Alabama as a location for the kidnapping because, within the time frame of this story, the Appalachian area in northern Alabama is remote and sparsely populated. Sam also considers the people rather backward.

It contained inhabitants of as undeleterious and self-satisfied a class of peasantry as ever clustered around a Maypole.

Furthermore, the two men know that without any large city nearby, the law enforcement in this town must be minimal. 

We knew that Summit...

Bill and Sam choose Summit, Alabama as a location for the kidnapping because, within the time frame of this story, the Appalachian area in northern Alabama is remote and sparsely populated. Sam also considers the people rather backward.

It contained inhabitants of as undeleterious and self-satisfied a class of peasantry as ever clustered around a Maypole.

Furthermore, the two men know that without any large city nearby, the law enforcement in this town must be minimal. 

We knew that Summit couldn’t get after us with anything stronger than constables and, maybe, some lackadaisical bloodhounds and a diatribe or two in the Weekly Farmers’ Budget.

Sam and Bill also assume that they have little to fear about any interference with the success of their plans. Because they stay about two miles away, at an elevated point where there is a cave in which to store their provisions, the men feel that they can safely keep a lookout over the town and spot any unusual activity in time to escape.

Indeed, the humor of this story lies in Bill and Sam's erroneous assumptions about the residents of Summit and their expectation that kidnapping the son of the richest man in town will be easy and profitable to them. For in the ironic reversal of O. Henry's ending, Bill and Sam are the ones who have been terrorized, not the kidnapped boy. Pretending he is Red Chief, the boy tortures his captors both physically and psychologically. Also, the wealthy "mortgage fancier and forecloser" Dorset refuses to pay the ransom, demanding, instead, that they pay him to take his son back.

What is the relevance of music to dance?

Music and dance are two uniquely human phenomena. Though a number of animals employ seemingly rhythmic calls or bodily posturing, in non-humans, such behaviors are instinctual and "pre-programmed." What really sets rhythmic human motion and sound apart is the capability to be creative, drawing from set rules of aesthetics. 

Music and dance are akin to human language in that they creatively arrange and rearrange a variety of "chunks" of information- sounds for music, and movements...

Music and dance are two uniquely human phenomena. Though a number of animals employ seemingly rhythmic calls or bodily posturing, in non-humans, such behaviors are instinctual and "pre-programmed." What really sets rhythmic human motion and sound apart is the capability to be creative, drawing from set rules of aesthetics. 

Music and dance are akin to human language in that they creatively arrange and rearrange a variety of "chunks" of information- sounds for music, and movements for dance. There is another phenomena which occurs in human language which I believe relates music and dance to one another- connotation. In language, words and phrases might conjure up a natural feeling or implication of other terms. For example, the word "coffin" has connotations of death and perhaps the afterlife. So, too, in music and dance are there connotations. It is more easy to connote movement with sound, as a short, shrill violin shriek might imply a jerky, sudden movement of the body.

Try this experiment: click here for a link to listen to "River Flows in You," by pianist Yiruma.  Close your eyes while listening and allow your body to relax. Does the music give you a sense of movement anywhere in your body? Do you have the urge to move in a certain way? If not, you might imagine a little dancer in your mind- how do they move as the song plays? Slow, fast? Hard, graceful? With levity or labor? The rhythm and pace of music, the key notes are played in, and the choice of instrument can all inform stylistic choices in dance.

With that in mind, the origins of dance are mysterious, but we suspect that it developed following or in close relation to the development of music. Dance does not leave behind much archaeological evidence, but historical paintings of Greek and Egyptian dance very closely associate it without music. Even in a time before instruments, people may have clapped hands, sang, or stomped feet to provide rhythmic accompaniment to dancing. 

Today, it is difficult to separate music and dance from one another. The two are bound together in their religious, social, and performative significance. 

Why would Louise feel she would be free to do nothing all the rest of her days?

Louise Mallard is looking forward to a very specific type of freedom: freedom from what was, apparently, an unwanted marriage. Although her husband "never looked save with love upon her," she sees "a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely." Without a husband, Louise will be her own master; she will not have to compromise or obey anyone else's demands on her. To this end, she thinks,

There would be...

Louise Mallard is looking forward to a very specific type of freedom: freedom from what was, apparently, an unwanted marriage. Although her husband "never looked save with love upon her," she sees "a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely." Without a husband, Louise will be her own master; she will not have to compromise or obey anyone else's demands on her. To this end, she thinks,

There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.

Louise will be in charge of her own life, and she will not have to submit her wishes for someone else's approval. Her days will belong to her. Therefore, she believes she will be free. She wouldn't necessarily have to work. Chances are, if she felt somehow obligated to enter into a marriage that she didn't particularly want, she is likely of a certain social class: she is not poor. Further, Louise would benefit from inheriting everything that belonged to her husband, likely preventing a need for gainful employment. However, even if she does have to work, that does nothing to alter her freedom from a marriage that seems to have produced the "lines [that] bespoke repression" in her face.

Where was Pip born?

The name of the town where Pip was born and spent his childhood and youth is not named, but it is modeled after Rochester, a large town in the county of Kent in southeastern England. Rochester, situated on the coast of the North Sea, was a significant place for Charles Dickens. He lived there and vacationed there often. Though it is on the coast, there are places where the town is separated from the water...

The name of the town where Pip was born and spent his childhood and youth is not named, but it is modeled after Rochester, a large town in the county of Kent in southeastern England. Rochester, situated on the coast of the North Sea, was a significant place for Charles Dickens. He lived there and vacationed there often. Though it is on the coast, there are places where the town is separated from the water by marshes, such as those that play a significant role in the first chapters of Great Expectations. There was a real “Satis House” in Rochester, but there are parts of another house called Restoration House in the town that form a model for the home of Miss Havisham and Estella. It is about 30 miles from London, where Pip went to become a gentleman.

Pip’s parents had lived in this town for some time before Pip was born, as is evident from the graves of his siblings that he visited in the churchyard by the marshes. Pip’s sister, Mrs. Joe, has settled down in this town along with Joe Gargery, her husband. It is likely that she also is a native of the town.

In the novel The Outsiders, what does Mr. Syme assign to Ponyboy?

In Chapter 12, Mr. Syme, Ponyboy's English teacher, is concerned with Ponyboy's grades because they have drastically fallen from A's to F's. Ponyboy mentions that Mr. Syme is personable and truly cares about his students. One day after class, Mr. Syme has a conversation with Ponyboy. He tells Ponyboy that he is failing his class, but he understands Pony's difficult circumstances. Mr. Syme tells him that if he comes up with a good semester theme...

In Chapter 12, Mr. Syme, Ponyboy's English teacher, is concerned with Ponyboy's grades because they have drastically fallen from A's to F's. Ponyboy mentions that Mr. Syme is personable and truly cares about his students. One day after class, Mr. Syme has a conversation with Ponyboy. He tells Ponyboy that he is failing his class, but he understands Pony's difficult circumstances. Mr. Syme tells him that if he comes up with a good semester theme, he will pass him with a C in the class. Mr. Syme tells Ponyboy that it is a reference theme, and he wants Pony to write about his own experiences and come up with his own ideas. After Ponyboy reads Johnny's message in the Gone with the Wind book, he begins to think about the countless boys who are filled with anger and have lost hope in the world. Ponyboy becomes motivated to tell Johnny's story and tell the struggling boys throughout the country that there is hope. He also wants others not to judge the youth who live in rough circumstances. Ponyboy eventually writes what becomes the story The Outsiders as his reference theme.

What is the summary of "Before the Beginning of Years" by Algernon Charles Swinburne?

"Before the beginning of years" is the first line of one of the choruses from the play "Atalanta in Calydon" by Algernon Charles Swinburne. The play itself is a tour de force, an attempt to create an Aeschylean drama in English, not by translating Aeschylus but by choosing a similar theme (an important Greek myth) and then reproducing a lush, grand, and complex style of English verse that follows many of the principles of...

"Before the beginning of years" is the first line of one of the choruses from the play "Atalanta in Calydon" by Algernon Charles Swinburne. The play itself is a tour de force, an attempt to create an Aeschylean drama in English, not by translating Aeschylus but by choosing a similar theme (an important Greek myth) and then reproducing a lush, grand, and complex style of English verse that follows many of the principles of classical Greek prosody.

Basically, Meleager's father offends the goddess Artemis. Artemis sends a wild boar to ravage his land. Atalanta is a virgin priestess of Artemis and a renowned huntress. Both Meleager and Atalanta are part of a competition to kill the boar. They fall in love while hunting. Meleager kills the boar and honors Atalanta by giving her the spoils of the hunt. Meleager's brothers attempt to attack Atalanta, and Meleager kills them. Meleager's mother kills him in revenge for his killing his brothers. 

This particular chorus, like many of those in Greek tragedy, is a meditation on human nature. It argues that humans are moved by passions which can lead them to both joy and despair, love and hatred. It emphasizes the dualities of our natures and experiences and how our capacity for momentary greatness, love, and joy is balanced by our mortality.

How are human beings, especially the fetus, affected by methylmercury?

Methylmercury, also called quicksilver, is a highly toxic form of mercury. Methylmercury is produced by microbes living in wet environments like bogs, the ocean, and rivers. Animals which live in these environments may ingest methylmercury, and as it is bioaccumulative, this becomes more and more dangerous the higher up on the food chain an organism is. Humans most often ingest methylmercury through seafoods like tuna fish. 

When humans ingest too much methylmercury, they may experience...

Methylmercury, also called quicksilver, is a highly toxic form of mercury. Methylmercury is produced by microbes living in wet environments like bogs, the ocean, and rivers. Animals which live in these environments may ingest methylmercury, and as it is bioaccumulative, this becomes more and more dangerous the higher up on the food chain an organism is. Humans most often ingest methylmercury through seafoods like tuna fish. 

When humans ingest too much methylmercury, they may experience heart attack, tremors, loss of vision or hearing, or other forms of central nervous system damage. In the fetus, methylmercury poisoning can significantly affect development and cause lifelong blindness, deafness, microcephaly, and mental and physical impairments. 

Methylmercury has a half life of about 50 days in the human body, but it is much easier for this substance to accumulate in the small bodies of children and fetuses. For people of all ages, doctors recommend limiting the amount of large fish (tuna, walleye, bass) eaten within a certain time frame. Pregnant women should avoid eating tuna to lower the risk of methylmercury poisoning in the fetus.

Consider your relationship with a common piece of technology such as an Apple iPad Air 2. Write an essay explaining some positive claims and some...

This assignment appears to involve the drafting of an argumentative essay that includes two different types of claims, positive and normative. The topic of the essay should be the role of technology in people's lives, with the student expected to select one particular example of modern technology, such as the Apple iPad Air 2. The iPad, of any generation or model, would be fine, but a better example given its absolute ubiquity is the cell phone. Cell phones have revolutionized the day-to-day lives of the hundreds of millions of people who own them, for both better and worse.

An argumentative essay involving cell phones, such as the Apple iPhone series, could easily include both the positive and negative aspects of the proliferation of this category of technology, and both certainly exist. Normative claims, those that assert that something ought to occur or exist in a certain defined state, can incorporate the negative aspects of the introduction into our daily lives of cell phones. 

Research into the role and ramifications of cell phone proliferation is relatively simple. There are innumerable essays and articles available online that directly address this topic, and, when discussing the negative aspects of cell phones, credible statistics are similarly available, such as at one of the websites linked below. 

Today's college and high school students can probably not imagine life without today's information technologies. The introduction of personal desktop computers during the early 1980s and their evolution into today's laptops, notebooks, and tablets have revolutionized the way we live. The thought of walking around with not just a telephone in your pocket but a mini computer that accesses the Internet and on which one can stream videos was unheard of a mere thirty years ago. The advent of cell phones could not have not changed the way people live. Unlike in the previous century, it is now virtually impossible to be physically separated from electronic communications and monitoring. Not only cell phones but satellite phones have made such instantaneous communications commonplace.

In preparing, then, positive claims related to people's relationship to cell phones, one would logically emphasize the way in which this particular technology has changed lives for the better. A statement such as "cell phones have improved lives" can be quantified by listing the ways they have in fact improved our day-to-day existence, for example, by noting that access to emergency services like police, ambulance, and fire has never been easier, or by noting the ease with which we can remain in instantaneous contact with friends and family by phone, text, or email. Documents an be scanned and transmitted in matters of seconds, when, for centuries, they had to be carried by foot, horseback, car, plane, or fax. All of this has represented a vast improvement in our lives.

A normative claim, as suggested, could emphasize the negative aspects of cell phones. A statement like "cell phones ought to be banned or their use restricted because of the health risks they pose" can similarly be quantified through research. Two of the links below deal with connection between cell phone usage, including texting, while operating a motor vehicle. Government and insurance industry statistics indicate that using a cell phone, including for talking and texting, while driving results in over a million accidents a year, hundreds of thousands of injuries, and thousands of deaths. Americans had a hard enough time driving safely before the advent of cell phones; the situation now is indisputably worse.

Another element of the normative claim involves the risk of overexposure to radiation associated with cell phones. As everyone knows, absent wiring or cables connecting one source to another, the signal must travel through the air. Cell phones are classic examples of this. Concerns about exposure to radio frequency radiation and links to cancer have been around since the introduction of cell phones, although the debate regarding the seriousness of the risk continues and is, today, a little inconclusive. Nevertheless, a normative claim involving cell phones could, and should, include mention of this issue. 

An essay explaining positive and normative claims regarding cell phones, or tablets, should list and explain both the good and the bad that accompanied the introduction of these technologies into our lives. The above should provide some guidance, and the links listed below should help buttress arguments.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/radiation-exposure/cellular-phones.html

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet#q11

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/major-cell-phone-radiation-study-reignites-cancer-questions/

How did United States gain conrol over Panama?

The United States gained influence in Panama as a result of the Panamanian Revolution in 1903. The US wanted to build a canal through Columbia, which controlled the land that is now Panama. They offered Columbia a deal for a strip of land to build this canal, which Columbia refused. The US was willing to pay $10 million for this strip of land and an annual rent of $250,000. The United States then helped the...

The United States gained influence in Panama as a result of the Panamanian Revolution in 1903. The US wanted to build a canal through Columbia, which controlled the land that is now Panama. They offered Columbia a deal for a strip of land to build this canal, which Columbia refused. The US was willing to pay $10 million for this strip of land and an annual rent of $250,000. The United States then helped the people of Panama revolt against Columbia in 1903.

When Panama declared its independence from Columbia, the US helped prevent Columbia from ending the revolution. The US quickly recognized Panama as an independent country,  then offered the same deal to Panama, which was accepted, and work then began on building the Panama Canal. The US had the exclusive rights to build and operate the Panama Canal. These exclusive rights lasted until December 31, 1999, when Panama took over the operation of the Panama Canal. Thus, the US gained influence in Panama as a result of its desire to build the Panama Canal.

How does the author use the element of suspense in "The Sniper"?

Suspense is an intense feeling that a reader has while reading and waiting for the outcome of an event. It's that "edge of your seat" feeling. The author of "The Sniper" is able to create suspense in this story by placing the protagonist in a dangerous and isolated situation. The Republican sniper is fighting in a civil war. That immediately places the sniper in a life threatening position, creating suspense. The same feelings wouldn't be...

Suspense is an intense feeling that a reader has while reading and waiting for the outcome of an event. It's that "edge of your seat" feeling. The author of "The Sniper" is able to create suspense in this story by placing the protagonist in a dangerous and isolated situation. The Republican sniper is fighting in a civil war. That immediately places the sniper in a life threatening position, creating suspense. The same feelings wouldn't be created in readers if the author told you it was peace time and the sniper was barbecuing in his backyard. 

Suspense is further created by making the protagonist an isolated sniper. Often snipers will work in pairs. One on the gun, and the other soldier is the spotter. He helps identify targets and protects the sniper's rear. This story's sniper is completely alone. That heightens the suspense because readers know that he isn't likely to get help from anybody.  He's on his own. Readers really begin to feel the suspense and the danger that the sniper is in once the combat begins. The sniper is out numbered and outgunned.  The enemy even has an armored vehicle. Once he's wounded, I feel that the suspense level is near its peak. Readers have no idea how the sniper is likely to survive the situation that he is in.  

I also feel that suspense is created in this story by having the narration be a third person limited narration. Readers are not given all of the information. We only know what is going on inside the mind of the sniper. He may be relatively calm, but his thoughts definitely tell readers that he knows he's in a bad situation. Because the sniper is the only character that readers are allowed into the mind of, we intensely feel his predicament.  

Any ideas for simultaneous lineage tracing of two subpopulations in the epithelium of a gland?Thanking you in advance!

This sounds like a really difficult question, but not really.  Epithelial cells are cells that make up the lining of different structures within the body, glands included.  There are epithelial cells in your mouth, throughout the digestive tract, your skin, and all the glands constituting the endocrine system.  All these epithelial cells have nuclei, from which DNA may be extracted.

When conducting a DNA test, it is important to understand the results will be useful...

This sounds like a really difficult question, but not really.  Epithelial cells are cells that make up the lining of different structures within the body, glands included.  There are epithelial cells in your mouth, throughout the digestive tract, your skin, and all the glands constituting the endocrine system.  All these epithelial cells have nuclei, from which DNA may be extracted.

When conducting a DNA test, it is important to understand the results will be useful to link your relationship to certain people in terms of shared DNA.  The test will not be able to construct your whole ancestral background.  It can point you in the right direction to begin looking for ancestors. 

In terms of subpopulations, those would be people who lived in the same city or country.  That is basically what ancestral searches do, establish where a person's ancestors came from, and is usually specific to a city in a country.  As the lineage develops, the likelihood of several subpopulations will come into focus.  It is at that time one chooses to pursue the subpopulation or not.  Detailed information must be kept, otherwise it all starts to become overwhelming in terms of directional flow.

What were three major aspects of industrialization between 1865 and 1920?

Three major aspects of industrialization in this period include the increase of large factories, laissez faire policy (literally "let do" in French), and a rise in the proletariat—the availability of large numbers of workers.

The increases in large factories are closely linked to the idea that everyone should have access to the same decent way of living. To make products more accessible to everyone, they needed to be cheaper—cheaper means mass production (and fast production...

Three major aspects of industrialization in this period include the increase of large factories, laissez faire policy (literally "let do" in French), and a rise in the proletariat—the availability of large numbers of workers.

The increases in large factories are closely linked to the idea that everyone should have access to the same decent way of living. To make products more accessible to everyone, they needed to be cheaper—cheaper means mass production (and fast production so companies don't lose profit). Society was also shifting towards the idea of consumerism, which enabled the growth of large factories and mass production systems (e.g., Ford industries).

This mass production would have been impossible were it not for an increase in workers in urban areas. Mass production required workers to have very little to no education, which made it easier to hire many people to produce massively. This rise of workers in the urban areas occurred as agriculture became more dependent on technology rather than human resources. However, immigration into the United States also played a part during these years.

As to laissez faire, it means exactly what it says: "Let do." This policy meant that the government stood back and did not overly influence the economy or choices of businesses. Businesses were free to do quite as they pleased, and very few governmental regulations were set in place—mostly to the benefit of US businesses.

What do the poems "To Sylvia" by Leopardi and "We are Seven" by Wordsworth have in common in terms of writing style, content, and form?

Both these poems are concerned with the same two major themes: childhood, or youth, and premature death. However, the attitudes of the poems towards these themes are fairly disparate. This can be discerned not only from the content, but also from the rhyme-schemes, tone, and mood of the poems. 

Leopardi's "To Sylvia" is an elegy lamenting the premature death of a girl, Sylvia, "ere the grass was touched with winter's frost". It is composed of...

Both these poems are concerned with the same two major themes: childhood, or youth, and premature death. However, the attitudes of the poems towards these themes are fairly disparate. This can be discerned not only from the content, but also from the rhyme-schemes, tone, and mood of the poems. 

Leopardi's "To Sylvia" is an elegy lamenting the premature death of a girl, Sylvia, "ere the grass was touched with winter's frost". It is composed of six-line stanzas in the Romantic style, and its mood is melancholy. The narrator does describe the "bright color" of life as a child--it is evident that he and Sylvia had grown up together--but to him, this speaks only of "treachery" in nature, because Sylvia was taken by "fell disease" before her time. To this narrator, then, it only increases his "bitterness" to remember the wonder of youth with Sylvia, knowing that she was never able to fulfil her potential--"the flower of thy days thy never did'st see." 

Wordsworth's "We Are Seven" takes a quite different approach in its discussion of children and death. It discusses a meeting between the narrator and a cottage girl, aged eight, who insists that "we are seven" (of herself and her siblings), even though two of their number lie in the churchyard. The tone is far lighter than that of Leopardi's poem, indicated immediately by the structure: the four-line stanzas, in abab rhyming couplets, do not set the scene for a lament or elegy. 

As in "To Sylvia", the poem reflects on the fact that children know nothing of what is to come in terms of what death means--"A simple child...what should it know of death?" The subject of death in Wordsworth's poem, however, is treated as, rather than a tragedy, a sad but simple fact of life. The child's proximity with death is indicated as she describes how she sits by the graves of her siblings to knit her stockings, whose "graves are green". Though the narrator insists "They are dead, those two are dead! Their spirits are in Heaven!" the little girl still feels she is one of seven siblings, and is not troubled by the fact that two are no longer on earth -- "O Master, we are seven!" 

There is a certain sadness in the fact that the child here does not understand what death really means, but if the narrator in "To Sylvia" seems to have brought his life to a halt in a mire of bitterness because of premature death, the family in "We Are Seven" seem to approach death quite differently, whether or not they fully understand it. To them, it is accepted as a natural part of living, and of being a family. In both poems, premature death is saddening, and children are portrayed as innocent of its true meaning, but the effect of the deaths in each case is quite dissimilar. 

Why does HCl, being a covalent compound, dissociate in water?

Strong acids or bases can dissociate completely when placed in a solution of water. HCl is a strong acid with a pH value between 0 and 2. Pure water has a pH of 7. When placing HCl into solution with water, it will shift the pH by increasing the number of Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. When HCl dissociates, it will add H+ ions along with Cl- ions to the solution.

Actually, because the compound...

Strong acids or bases can dissociate completely when placed in a solution of water. HCl is a strong acid with a pH value between 0 and 2. Pure water has a pH of 7. When placing HCl into solution with water, it will shift the pH by increasing the number of Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. When HCl dissociates, it will add H+ ions along with Cl- ions to the solution.

Actually, because the compound HCl contains H atoms bound to the nonmetal Chlorine, this type of compound is known as a nonmetal hydride. When placed in water, the HCl acts as a source of H+ ions thus lowering the pH of the solution.

To summarize, when HCl dissolves in water, its components dissociate into H+ ions and Cl- ions when the covalent bond is broken between them. Water molecules are polar with oxygen atoms negatively charged and the hydrogens positively charged. This helps make water an excellent solvent for polar compounds like HCl due to the attraction of opposite charges.

What is a Whig?

A Whig is either a member of the 19th century American political party, or a a member of a British political party that originated in the 17th century.

In the United States, the Whigs were active from 1833 to 1854. Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the President. The party was founded as an organized protest against the "tyranny" of President Andrew Jackson and his economic policies. Though American Whigs were in agreement about national,...

A Whig is either a member of the 19th century American political party, or a a member of a British political party that originated in the 17th century.

In the United States, the Whigs were active from 1833 to 1854. Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the President. The party was founded as an organized protest against the "tyranny" of President Andrew Jackson and his economic policies. Though American Whigs were in agreement about national, economic development through industry and modernization, they were split on the issue of slavery. This divide eventually led to the party's crumble, with most joining either the Republican or Know-Nothing parties.

In Great Britain, the Whig party was active from 1678 to 1859. Great Britain's Whig party rivaled the Tory party. The Whigs valued the abolition of slavery, tolerance for nonconformist Protestants, free trade, and a constitutional monarchy where Parliament would have more power than the Monarch. They were not a strongly organized party, and most Whigs found stronger leadership and better organization as part of the Liberal Party.

Today, loosely organized and rather minority political parties calling themselves "Whigs" can be found in both England and the United States.

What is a good thesis statement for the story "Cathedral" by Raymond Carver?

A good thesis for Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" can be that a person can share meaningful experiences with those from whom he least expects anything.

The narrator, the husband of a sensitive woman, is a man who has a purposeless existence. He is disconnected from his wife, disinterested in most things, and suffering from an existential angst. He is less than thrilled--jealous, in fact--that his wife has invited to their home her blind friend, Robert. As...

A good thesis for Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" can be that a person can share meaningful experiences with those from whom he least expects anything.

The narrator, the husband of a sensitive woman, is a man who has a purposeless existence. He is disconnected from his wife, disinterested in most things, and suffering from an existential angst. He is less than thrilled--jealous, in fact--that his wife has invited to their home her blind friend, Robert. As he listens to his wife talk to Robert, he has resentment that she can speak of feelings and share with her friend things that she has not even mentioned to him.

After his wife goes on to bed, the narrator and Robert stay in the room where the television is, and they smoke some cannabis. When Robert asks the narrator to draw a cathedral that is being described by the speaker of the television program they are watching, the narrator finds a brown paper bag on which they can draw with Robert keeping his hand on top of that of the narrator. This act of creation becomes a meaningful spiritual experience for the two men, and the trust and friendship shown to him by Robert gives the narrator a new meaning to his life. 

“Well?” [Robert] said. “Are you looking?” My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything. “It’s really something,” I said.

For the first time, the narrator feels things, spiritual things, and he has had a meaningful experience.

What's the difference between a black hole and a neutron star?

Black holes and neutron stars are both the final states of a star in its life cycle. Black holes are formed from massive stars (mass more than 3 times our Sun) after the supernova phase. A black hole is characterized by a singularity and an event horizon. All the matter of the black hole is squeezed into a singularity (region of very, very high density), surrounded by a region of extremely high gravity, known as...

Black holes and neutron stars are both the final states of a star in its life cycle. Black holes are formed from massive stars (mass more than 3 times our Sun) after the supernova phase. A black hole is characterized by a singularity and an event horizon. All the matter of the black hole is squeezed into a singularity (region of very, very high density), surrounded by a region of extremely high gravity, known as the event horizon. Anything that crosses the event horizon will be sucked into the singularity. Not even the light can escape the gravity of the black hole and hence they are invisible. Black holes are detected by the motion of objects around them or when they strip matter and gases from their neighbors.

Neutron stars are made from stars that have also have a mass of more than 3 times that of our Sun. They are formed after a supernova explosion and consist of mostly neutrons, hence the name. They have a very high density and gravity, but not as large as that of a black hole. There is no singularity or event horizon of a neutron star. They do not emit any light and hence are very dim. They are detected either as radio sources (pulsars) or when they strip matter and gases from neighboring stars. 

Hope this helps. 

How do Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero understand the purpose of politics?

First, let's define "politics" as these three would have understood or used the term. The word "political" comes from the Greek word politikos, meaning "of, or pertaining to, the polis." (What's a polis? It refers to a city-state.)

Let's begin with Aristotle, who compared the role of a politician to that of a craftsman. Like a craftsman, he wrote, a politician works within a system, producing and maintaining, keeping things running smoothly by...

First, let's define "politics" as these three would have understood or used the term. The word "political" comes from the Greek word politikos, meaning "of, or pertaining to, the polis." (What's a polis? It refers to a city-state.)

Let's begin with Aristotle, who compared the role of a politician to that of a craftsman. Like a craftsman, he wrote, a politician works within a system, producing and maintaining, keeping things running smoothly by following a certain set of rules. For Aristotle, the politician's rules are laid out in a constitution. The constitution, not the individual politician, is the ruling authority. As he writes in Politics:

Since we see that every city-state is a sort of community and that every community is established for the sake of some good (for everyone does everything for the sake of what they believe to be good), it is clear that every community aims at some good, and the community which has the most authority of all and includes all the others aims highest, that is, at the good with the most authority. This is what is called the city-state or political community. 

Now let's focus on Plato. Plato didn't believe that human beings could be trusted to make the best choices for themselves. He opposed the concept of democracy, because he believed that tyrants could easily rise to power if they exploited the public, and that too many individual people make decisions based on their own personal interests. For Plato, politics existed to provide structure for a public, and to protect the people. 

Cicero considered politics through another lens: he was interested in the relationship between philosophy and politics. Politics, he believed, were more important than philosophy. But he used philosophy as a means to achieve his own political goals. For Cicero, the point of politics was to communicate philosophical ideas and arguments to a public that wouldn't otherwise understand (or care to understand) them.

Are acids proton borrowers or donors?

Acids are proton donors. Bases, on the other hand, are proton borrowers or acceptors.

When an acid is dissolved in water, it donates the protons, leading to the formation of hydronium ion and an anion. For example, the reaction between the hydrochloric acid and water can be written as:

`HCl + H_2O -> H_3O^+ + Cl^-`

Here, hydrochloric acid is the acid since it donates a proton, while water is the base as it accepts...

Acids are proton donors. Bases, on the other hand, are proton borrowers or acceptors.

When an acid is dissolved in water, it donates the protons, leading to the formation of hydronium ion and an anion. For example, the reaction between the hydrochloric acid and water can be written as:

`HCl + H_2O -> H_3O^+ + Cl^-`

Here, hydrochloric acid is the acid since it donates a proton, while water is the base as it accepts a proton. 

Based on their ability to donate the protons, the acids are classified as either monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic acids. Monoprotic acids (such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid) may donate one proton per acid molecule. Diprotic acids (such as sulfuric acid) may donate up to two protons per acid molecule. Similarly, triprotic acid (such as phosphoric acid) may donate up to three protons per acid molecule.

Hope this helps.

How could I write an essay about The Song of the Lark?

There are different critical essays you could write on The Song of the Lark. One theme running throughout the book is the sacrifices that Thea makes for her art (which turns out to be singing). She must, over time, repudiate the demands of her family and upbringing to become a truly great artist.

Even while living in Moonstone (in Colorado), she shows independence of spirit by befriending people like Professor Wunsch and Spanish Johnny,...

There are different critical essays you could write on The Song of the Lark. One theme running throughout the book is the sacrifices that Thea makes for her art (which turns out to be singing). She must, over time, repudiate the demands of her family and upbringing to become a truly great artist.

Even while living in Moonstone (in Colorado), she shows independence of spirit by befriending people like Professor Wunsch and Spanish Johnny, who are both culturally and morally at odds with people in the town. Later, when Thea dedicates herself to singing, she leaves Moonstone and cannot return even to attend her mother's funeral. As an opera singer, she dedicates herself fully to her career and does not have time at the height of her career for a family. The novel speaks about what it means to be an artist, and Cather suggests that artists are freethinkers who are willing to separate themselves from what they know and the life they are born into. One of the themes you could write about, then, is the life of an artist. 

You could also focus on the mentors who help Thea become a great artist, including Dr. Archie and Frederick Ottenburg. What is Cather suggesting about an artist's need for understanding and mentorship to develop his or her art? These two men are critical to Thea, and their support is vital in helping her flourish. 

Who killed John F. Kennedy?

Despite the conspiracy theories surrounding the Kennedy case, it has been determined by the Warren Commission that Lee Harvey Oswald killed John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.

John F. Kennedy had made a great deal of enemies during his short time in office. Southern Democrats did not like him for his stance favoring integration. Organized crime did not like him since the president's brother, Robert Kennedy, was the attorney general and was quite tough...

Despite the conspiracy theories surrounding the Kennedy case, it has been determined by the Warren Commission that Lee Harvey Oswald killed John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.

John F. Kennedy had made a great deal of enemies during his short time in office. Southern Democrats did not like him for his stance favoring integration. Organized crime did not like him since the president's brother, Robert Kennedy, was the attorney general and was quite tough on crime. Fidel Castro did not like Kennedy because of his attempts to assassinate him. Some in the Soviet Union did not like Kennedy for his hard stance during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Despite this long list of potential enemies, in 1964 the Warren Commission determined that Oswald acted alone in killing Kennedy. Despite recent investigations into other theories and the recent opening of the Kennedy papers, there has not been enough evidence to change this conclusion.

What words or phrases does the author use to support the idea that the guests are well cared for and protected?

In order to suggest that Prince Prospero's guests are well cared for, the narrator describes the "castellated abbey" to which they've been invited.

[It] was an extensive and magnificent structure. . . . A strong and lofty wall girdled it in.  This wall had gates of iron.  The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts.

There is, therefore, no means of entering or exiting the castle, and the guests feel...

In order to suggest that Prince Prospero's guests are well cared for, the narrator describes the "castellated abbey" to which they've been invited.

[It] was an extensive and magnificent structure. . . . A strong and lofty wall girdled it in.  This wall had gates of iron.  The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts.

There is, therefore, no means of entering or exiting the castle, and the guests feel secure that nothing and no one will be able to find a way in.  In this way, they hope to shut out the outside world and its contagion. They also hope to maintain their own health inside the castle walls.

The narrator also describes the interior of the castle as a way of showing how secure and safe the guests feel.  "The prince had provided all the appliances of pleasure."  There are dancers, musicians, food and drink, and beauty. All these and security were within.  Then, after five or six months of this seclusion, the prince throws a huge masquerade party for his guests.  He takes great pains to create an environment that is both luxurious and fantastic, although he and his guests cannot, ultimately, escape danger forever.

Who were one of the most powerful tribes of the Great Plains due to the increase in violence between the Indian tribes?

The strongest Indian tribe in the United States was the Comanche.  They were originally from the mountains of Wyoming but migrated to Texas.  The reason that they became the most powerful Native American tribe is the use of the horse.  The Comanche were introduced to the horse by the Spanish. This tribe learned to use the horse more effectively and completely than any other Indian nation.  They utilized the horse for hunting, transportation, and warfare....

The strongest Indian tribe in the United States was the Comanche.  They were originally from the mountains of Wyoming but migrated to Texas.  The reason that they became the most powerful Native American tribe is the use of the horse.  The Comanche were introduced to the horse by the Spanish. This tribe learned to use the horse more effectively and completely than any other Indian nation.  They utilized the horse for hunting, transportation, and warfare.  The Comanche were so effective with the horse in warfare that they halted the Spanish expansion into the Southwest.  The Comanche also stopped the expansion of the French from Louisiana.  It was the Comanche that provided the Anglo-Americans with the strongest resistance in their attempt to move westward.  By the turn of the 19th Century, the Comanche had transitioned from a relatively benign nation into one of the fiercest cavalries in the world. 

Why are Malcolm and Macduff considered to be heroes in Macbeth?

Macbeth takes the throne by murdering the rightful king, Duncan, and upsets the natural order of things in Scotland. At the time, a king's rule was considered to be in accordance with God's will, so the murder of Duncan can be viewed as a rebellion against God's will. By taking the throne unlawfully, Macbeth throws Scotland into chaos. 

The two most prominent characters in the play who are resolved to restore order in the country...

Macbeth takes the throne by murdering the rightful king, Duncan, and upsets the natural order of things in Scotland. At the time, a king's rule was considered to be in accordance with God's will, so the murder of Duncan can be viewed as a rebellion against God's will. By taking the throne unlawfully, Macbeth throws Scotland into chaos. 

The two most prominent characters in the play who are resolved to restore order in the country are Macduff and Malcolm. Macduff is among the first to doubt the legitimacy of Macbeth's claim to the throne. He senses that Macbeth gained power by resorting to illegal means, and, of course, he is right. Macbeth murders Malcolm's father, Duncan, as well as Macduff's family. Both Malcolm and Macduff have two reasons to attempt to depose Macbeth. First, they want to restore peace and order in Scotland and make sure the rightful ruler takes the throne. Second, they are motivated to depose Macbeth because they want to exact revenge on him for killing all the innocent people, including their own family.

Malcolm joins Macduff in his quest to depose Macbeth, and they both succeed in defeating him and his army. They are heroes because they manage to save their country from the tyrannical rule of a cold-blooded murderer.  

How is cultural sensitivity important in professional communication in health care?

Cultural sensitivity is necessary for communicating effectively with patients. There are several reasons for this. 

First, there are topics that may be considered taboo in certain cultures such as sexual dysfunctions which nonetheless may provide important diagnostic information. Associated with this are many modesty taboos. Women from certain Islamic cultures may be particularly uncomfortable with male health care providers and have religious beliefs that would prohibit most forms of physical examination by a man. This...

Cultural sensitivity is necessary for communicating effectively with patients. There are several reasons for this. 

First, there are topics that may be considered taboo in certain cultures such as sexual dysfunctions which nonetheless may provide important diagnostic information. Associated with this are many modesty taboos. Women from certain Islamic cultures may be particularly uncomfortable with male health care providers and have religious beliefs that would prohibit most forms of physical examination by a man. This can impact their ability to be treated successfully.

Different cultures also have different forms of politeness. A patient who considers medical personnel rude may not communicate as effectively with them and may not be as likely to seek follow-on treatment. 

In many cultures, there are strong religious or spiritual components to healing. It is extremely important to learn and respect those beliefs and to work with spiritual or religious practitioners to treat a patient effectively. A patient who believes he or she  has been cursed who who believes that he will not recover without a certain religious ceremony may not recover until he or she has received appropriate traditional as well as modern medicine.

There are significant cultural differences in reporting pain and in the effectiveness of pain treatments. Without appropriate cultural understanding, there is the possibility of misdiagnosis or mistreatment.