Why stay in school?

There are a multitude of reasons why one should stay in school.  Here are three practical reasons:

1. The U.S. Census (2012) reports that high school dropouts earn, on average, $20,241 a year. High school graduates average $30,627, and with a bachelor's degree (four years of college), the average is $56,665.  For purely economic reasons, it is beneficial to stay in school.


2. The amount of education a person has often affects his or her ability to get a job. Census statistics regarding unemployment put the national unemployment rate at 8.1 percent in August of 2012,  while joblessness among dropouts was 12 percent. For college graduates, it was just 4.1 percent. Having an education increases your chances of landing and keeping a job.


3. Incarceration rates are higher for high school dropouts.  Among dropouts of the age 16–24, the incarceration rate is 63 times higher than college graduates. Statistics suggest that having more education might keep more young people away from crimes that could land them in prison.

Education does not guarantee a better life, but the statistics cited above from the Census in 2012 suggest, generally speaking, that education, in many cases, offers people a better quality of life in tangible ways: employment, income, and freedom.

What does BAR stand for (as in the BAR exam)?

There is some fallacy that “bar” in this context stands for “British Accreditation Regency”; however, there is no foundation for this claim.

In order to become a practicing attorney in the United States, one must have passed his or her bar exam and be “admitted to the bar.” Because of the common law history for all US States (except for Louisiana and the US territory of Puerto Rico), legal methods and processes are typically a...

There is some fallacy that “bar” in this context stands for “British Accreditation Regency”; however, there is no foundation for this claim.

In order to become a practicing attorney in the United States, one must have passed his or her bar exam and be “admitted to the bar.” Because of the common law history for all US States (except for Louisiana and the US territory of Puerto Rico), legal methods and processes are typically a result of English courts, and contemporary jurisprudence often looks to old English cases when deciding modern points of law.   

Thus, in England during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the old King’s or Queen’s Bench plays a prominent role in understanding the etiology of the word “bar.” In courtrooms of old—and today—there is a physical barrier, or “bar” between the area where the public is permitted and the portion that is limited to attorneys, their clients, and witnesses who are called to testify. Lawyers who have been “admitted to the bar” have the requisite access to go to the “other” side of the “bar,” or the restricted areas of the courtroom.

What is politics?

According to Merriam-Webster's dictionary, politics can be defined as "the art or science of government," particularly the ability to "[guide] or [influence] government policy." The desire to guide and influence policy creates competition between "interest groups or individuals for power and leadership."

Currently, in American politics, two political parties dominate government and strongly influence its policies: Democrats and Republicans. The former group is mainly preoccupied with building a strong middle class and creating some provisions...

According to Merriam-Webster's dictionary, politics can be defined as "the art or science of government," particularly the ability to "[guide] or [influence] government policy." The desire to guide and influence policy creates competition between "interest groups or individuals for power and leadership."

Currently, in American politics, two political parties dominate government and strongly influence its policies: Democrats and Republicans. The former group is mainly preoccupied with building a strong middle class and creating some provisions for poor citizens (e.g., Medicaid), while the latter seeks to maintain tax cuts for wealthy and upper-middle class citizens, with the belief that, with their increased buying power, this class creates more jobs for those in lower economic strata. 

One of the most controversial aspects of contemporary politics is the influence of special interest groups. These groups, mainly comprised of corporations, use their wealth and commercial influence to impact economic and social policies. They do this by providing large contributions to the campaigns of political candidates and incumbents. Some argue that politicians cannot be fully invested in the interests of less powerful voters, due to the monetary influence of special interest groups or individuals with the power to "buy" campaigns. Most recently, the influences of the Koch Brothers and the Mercer family have been cause for concern.

How did Sufism affect Muslim politics during the Medieval period?

Sufism developed as an aesthetic movement in the 8th and 9th centuries in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. Its adherents were committed to a life of poverty and to meditation. During the Seljuk Turk Dynasty, Sufis became organized into fraternities and built lodges, called khānaqāh, in Persian, that functioned as hospice centers for Sufi travelers and centers of meditation and retreat. These lodges were often located next to schools, called madrasas, or mosques.

...

Sufism developed as an aesthetic movement in the 8th and 9th centuries in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. Its adherents were committed to a life of poverty and to meditation. During the Seljuk Turk Dynasty, Sufis became organized into fraternities and built lodges, called khānaqāh, in Persian, that functioned as hospice centers for Sufi travelers and centers of meditation and retreat. These lodges were often located next to schools, called madrasas, or mosques.

The sultans who ruled during this era had taken over without religious legitimacy, and their connection to Sufism provided them with religious authority. Sufis, long connected with the community, were able to help the sultans gain legitimacy with the populations over which they ruled. Sufism, guided by the philosophy of Ibn al-Arabi (1165–1240), focused on the ethical dimensions of being what Ibn al-Arabi called a "perfect man." Sufis were tolerant of a range of religious practices, including wandering dervishes, and their ethical and religious practices provided a great deal of stability and legitimacy for rulers in India, southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.

Briefly describe the character of Jabez Wilson from the observations made by Dr. Watson and Holmes.

Jabez Wilson is described at first glance by Dr. Watson as “a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman, with fiery red hair.”  Upon further inspection, as Watson is attempting to use Holmes’s methods of observation, he still can get no further than that the man is “obese, pompous, and slow.”  All in all he seems to be an overwhelmingly average sort of man, wearing old, ill-fitting clothes.  The only thing that stands out about him is...

Jabez Wilson is described at first glance by Dr. Watson as “a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman, with fiery red hair.”  Upon further inspection, as Watson is attempting to use Holmes’s methods of observation, he still can get no further than that the man is “obese, pompous, and slow.”  All in all he seems to be an overwhelmingly average sort of man, wearing old, ill-fitting clothes.  The only thing that stands out about him is his mop of bright red hair.

Holmes, of course, gets a bit more detailed that Dr. Watson – he notices immediately that Mr. Wilson is wearing a pin that places him as a member of the Freemasons, and that he has a tattoo of a fish on his wrist of such a particular style that it could only have been inked in China.  Watson had observed a “square pierced bit of metal dangling down as an ornament,” which Holmes identifies as a Chinese coin – thus we know that Mr. Wilson has done extensive traveling in China.  Holmes also observes that Mr. Wilson’s right hand is far more muscular than his left, thus indicating that he has done quite a bit of manual labor in his life.  In addition to this detail, Holmes notes that Mr. Wilson takes snuff, and has devoted quite a lot of time recently to the act of writing.  All of these details, of course, will prove useful to Holmes as he solves the mystery presented to him by his guest.

In Hamlet, how does the text confront the reader or audience with scenes of violence? How do violent scenes contribute to the meaning of the play?

There are numerous examples of violence throughout Hamlet. However, it is best to concentrate on those which have the greatest degree of dramatic significance for the play as a whole. Let us start off with one that takes place before the play even starts: the murder of King Hamlet, the protagonist's father. This is arguably the most important act of violence in the text: it sets the tone for all subsequent events in the play and provides Hamlet with the prime motivating factor for his actions (or lack thereof). The murder of Hamlet's father is the foundational act of violence that leads directly or indirectly to all other acts of violence in the play.

In act 1, scene 5, the ghost of Hamlet's father appears to him and tells him how he really died. Hamlet, like everyone else, assumed that his father had died after being bitten by a poisonous snake. In reality, Claudius crept up on him while he was sleeping in the orchard and poured poison down his ear. Additionally, Claudius seduced King Hamlet's queen, Gertrude:

Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast,

With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts—

O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power

So to seduce!—won to his shameful lust

The will of my most seeming-virtuous queen.

Hamlet's fraught relationship with his mother will be an important theme running throughout the rest of the play. The ghost is firmly establishing in Hamlet's mind an intimate link between Claudius' act of murder and Gertrude's adultery.

Gertrude, unwittingly perhaps, always seems to be related to violence. Indeed, for Hamlet, her betrayal of his father and subsequent marriage to Claudius is an act of violence against honor, dignity, and all that is decent.

Gertrude is in the thick of things again in act 3, scene 4. She gets into a blazing row with Hamlet, who lets fly with a volley of vicious personal abuse against his mother. As expected, it revolves around his detestation of Gertrude for marrying his father's murderer. Hamlet's verbal violence spills over into physical violence as he stabs and kills Polonius, who had been hiding behind a curtain to eavesdrop on Hamlet's conversation. At this stage in the play, whether we believe that Hamlet's madness is real or feigned, there is no doubt that whatever is going on in that mind of his is having deadly repercussions.

Murder is not the only kind of violence which has significance in the play. Take Ophelia's suicide, for example. At least, most people conclude that she committed suicide. The Church refuses to bury her in hallowed ground, a sure sign that she actually did kill herself. At the very least, Ophelia does not really care whether she lives or dies because she is so psychologically damaged by the twin tragedies of Hamlet's rejection and the death of her father, Polonius. It is significant that a relatively passive character in the play shows more resolution in enduring "the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" than Hamlet himself, even though it did lead to her death.

The act of violence that the whole play leads up to—Hamlet's revenge upon Claudius in act 5, scene 2—turns out to be much less dramatic than we expect. One quick swig of poison and it is all over. However, there is still some significance to this particular act of violence, nonetheless. Claudius's death allows King Hamlet to be avenged and serves as a neat instance of poetic justice. Just as he poisoned his brother and (inadvertently) his wife, so too has he poisoned himself.

Hamlet had a number of oppurtunities to kill Claudius. In this scene he stabs him, but it is not enough to kill him. It is important for the overall dramatic structure of the play that Claudius ends up dying in the same way as his brother. Thus, the ambiguity of violence in Hamlet is revealed. It can be terrible, brutal, and unjust. Yet, just like fire, it can purge and destroy. 

How does Macbeth's poor decision making influence his doom?

One of the most fascinating aspects of Macbeth is that, though Macbeth's future is presented as if fate were guiding it, there's also the suggestion that Macbeth's poor decisions influence and bring about his downfall. For instance, consider Macbeth's behavior after he gains the crown. Though it would appear that Macbeth is initially liked by most of his followers (or, at the very least, he's not disliked), Macbeth becomes increasingly paranoid and embarks on...

One of the most fascinating aspects of Macbeth is that, though Macbeth's future is presented as if fate were guiding it, there's also the suggestion that Macbeth's poor decisions influence and bring about his downfall. For instance, consider Macbeth's behavior after he gains the crown. Though it would appear that Macbeth is initially liked by most of his followers (or, at the very least, he's not disliked), Macbeth becomes increasingly paranoid and embarks on a murderous rampage to quell his fears, first killing Banquo, and then murdering Macduff's family. By doing so, Macbeth rightly earns a reputation as a tyrant, and his formerly loyal followers begin to plot revenge. By extension, we can see that Macbeth's paranoid and tyrannical behavior (his poor decision making, in other words) directly leads to the rebellion of his noblemen and his eventual demise. In that case, even if fate is at work in the play, it's also clear that Macbeth's poor decisions play a huge role in bringing about his downfall.

What are "eggmobiles" in The Omnivore's Dilemma?

In "The Ominovore's Dilemma," author Michael Pollan discusses many farming techniques and practices which are utilized by one Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms in rural Virginia. Mr. Salatin believes in using practices that observe animals' activities in nature and seek to emulate them in a farm setting. Salatin's egg-laying chickens are housed in a mobile trailer-style structure known as an "eggmobile." The eggmobile is essentially a chicken coop that can be moved around in order...

In "The Ominovore's Dilemma," author Michael Pollan discusses many farming techniques and practices which are utilized by one Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms in rural Virginia. Mr. Salatin believes in using practices that observe animals' activities in nature and seek to emulate them in a farm setting. Salatin's egg-laying chickens are housed in a mobile trailer-style structure known as an "eggmobile." The eggmobile is essentially a chicken coop that can be moved around in order to best mimic a chicken's natural movement. This rectangular contraption on wheels is capable of housing about 400 laying hens. It features nesting boxes lined up from the inside, which allows the farmer to retrieve eggs from the outside. Chicken wire is placed at a distance around it so as not to let the chickens escape, and they are able to come and go as they please. When they need to be fed, a trailer hitched to the eggmobile slowly pulls them over to the pasture where the cows were three to four days earlier. 

This is beneficial to both the land and the chicken, as it is unhealthy to both to remain in one area for long. Salatin moves the eggmobiles four days after the cattle graze and deposit manure in an area. This allows the chickens to feed on the fly pupae that inhabit the manure. In fact, the chickens naturally get 15% of their feed from this practice, just as they might in a  natural setting. So, not only are they getting essential food for a healthy diet by moving around in the eggmobile, but by scratching for pupae, they are also depositing cow manure across the pasture, which is essential for healthy grass and plants to grow. 

What are some of the events and social practices that occur in the city and in the jungle in the novel Lost City Radio? How can I analyze the...

One of the practices in the city portrayed in Lost City Radio is the beating of children. Alarcon writes, "The government counseled solid beatings of children, in the name of regaining the discipline that had been lost in a decade of war. The station ran public service announcements on the subject" (page 12). The government uses the beating of children to try to reinvigorate a sense of discipline after the wayward years of the war, and the city radio station supports the government's message in an attempt to regain order in the society.

The government has instituted other social practices, including the outlawing of traditional native rituals. For example, villagers use a hallucinogenic plant called "tadek" to identify criminals. After a crime has been committed, the villagers feed "tadek" to a boy who then points out the criminal. Then, the criminal's arms are summarily chopped off. Manau meets a man named Mr. Zahir who has suffered this fate. Alarcon writes of Mr. Zahir, "He motioned with a waving stump, and Manau saw the scarred flesh, dimpled and leathery, that closed around the place where his hands ended so abruptly" (page 94). Mr. Zahir's hands are a symbol of the ways of the jungle, which are both mysterious and sometimes savage. They are also a symbol of the current post-war state of the country, particularly the jungle, and convey a tone of sadness about the devastation that the civil war caused in the jungle, where countless people were murdered or disappeared. 

Another event that occurs regularly in the city is each Saturday night, Norma broadcasts her show, which helps people find others who were lost in the war. Alarcon writes, "And Norma listened, and then repeated the names in her mellifluous voice, and the board would light up with calls, lonely red lights, people longing to be found" (page 9). The red lights symbolize people hoping to find others, though some are impostors. This ritual brings hope, though some of it is illusory, to the people who live in the city and to the former inhabitants of the jungle who have fled to the city. 

To what character (or characters) does the title refer? Is the title used straightforwardly or ironically?

The title "Defender of the Faith" is an ironic one.

Traditionally, the title of Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) was conferred to the King of England. Literally, it identifies a religious champion.

In Roth's story, Sergeant Marx finds himself in that role, albeit unintentionally. In fact, he ends up favoring Grossbart and his two friends unintentionally, as his true motivation is to give fair and equal treatment to all his men without favoring Jews....

The title "Defender of the Faith" is an ironic one.

Traditionally, the title of Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) was conferred to the King of England. Literally, it identifies a religious champion.

In Roth's story, Sergeant Marx finds himself in that role, albeit unintentionally. In fact, he ends up favoring Grossbart and his two friends unintentionally, as his true motivation is to give fair and equal treatment to all his men without favoring Jews. However, Grossbart manages to trap him into being a Defender of the Faith each and every time thanks to his persuasive abilities.

Grossbart, on the other hand, is a false Jew. Jewishness has no particular religious meaning for him, and he only uses it as an excuse to get the undeserved privileges he wants. He is posing as a Defender of the Faith, but the word faith actually has no meaning to him whatsoever.

In the end, Roth evolves into a true Defender of the Faith, even though he seems to be turning against it by using Grossbart's same tactics. In fact, he manages to restore the balance by getting Grossbart sent off to the Pacific instead of New York, which was the original plan before Grossbart used his exploitative skills in order to be sent to New York. Essentially Roth is telling us that, for once, if the end is worthy the means can be overlooked.

What does Ralph Waldo Emerson mean when he says "And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny?"

To understand this line from "Self-Reliance," we have to put it in context. Emerson is urging the reader to listen to his own intuitive insights, and not put them aside because he doubts his ability to discern the truth.

"A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within, more than the lustre of the firmament of bards and sages. Yet he dismisses without notice his thought, because it is his."

He points out that both children and "great men" have in common a confidence in their own intuitions and insights:

"Great men have always done so, and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being."

This leads to the line in question. Emerson has explained what great men do. They trust in themselves, like children. Once, we were children, and so we possessed this trait of confidence and self-trust.

"And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny…"

In other words, as adults, we must embrace this childlike trait, and employ our most elevated form of thought to achieve transcendence -- going beyond the limits of the concrete world to appreciate the higher spiritual reality.

To underscore this message of reconnecting with one's childlike self-reliance, Emerson talks further about this virtue in boys. They aren't as oppressed by the pressure to censor themselves. They don't restrain themselves from saying or following through on what they believe, and this, says Emerson is a "healthy attitude of human nature." It's only later, as we grow up, that we stop listening to our inner voices.

"These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible as we enter into the world. "

And that, says, Emerson, is antithetical to our true purpose. God meant us to trust in our truthful, individualistic voices, and follow them to discover what really matters.

Summarize the causes and effects of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Causes of the 1857 Rebellion.

By the 1850s, much of India was ruled by the East India Company, a private company consisting of British merchants which had first established its presence in the 1600s. To maintain its authority in India and to protect its economic interests, the East India Company employed large private armies, consisting of native Indians. By 1856, the company employed over 300,000 Indians, many of which were called Sepoys (infantrymen). Around...

Causes of the 1857 Rebellion.

By the 1850s, much of India was ruled by the East India Company, a private company consisting of British merchants which had first established its presence in the 1600s. To maintain its authority in India and to protect its economic interests, the East India Company employed large private armies, consisting of native Indians. By 1856, the company employed over 300,000 Indians, many of which were called Sepoys (infantrymen). Around three-fourths of these Sepoys were Hindus while the remaining one-fourth consisted of Muslims.

While the Sepoys were ruled by British officers, the two groups were very different. The British struggled to cope with the intense Indian heat while the Sepoys had a reputation for their strength and skill in combat. There were religious differences, too: the Sepoys followed their religions very carefully, with the Hindus refusing to eat beef and the Muslims refusing to eat pork.

This fact may seem unimportant but, in 1848, Lord James Dalhousie, became the the governor-general of the East India Company and his policy towards the Indians was often harsh and unforgiving. He annexed even more Indian territory for the company, for example, and forced Indian tenant farmers to pay taxes to their British overlords. The most dramatic of his changes, however, came in 1857 when Dalhousie issued a new rifle to the soldiers of his Sepoy army. This rifle was very different to previous models and required the use of animal fat to aid the cartridge as it slid down the barrel of the gun. As devout Hindus and Muslims, the Sepoys refused to grease the barrel with pork or beef fat, as required, and felt insulted by the British. Despite British reassurance that they would not have to, the Sepoys became deeply suspicious and this led to the rebellion which began at an outpost near Delhi in April of 1857. 

Effects of the 1857 Rebellion.

The British retaliated with extreme violence. They captured random Indians, tortured and murdered them. Captured rebels suffered a similar fate: they were tied to a cannon and blasted into hundreds of pieces. At a trading post called Cawnpore, the British looted the town and committed widespread rape and murder.

The Rebellion lasted for over one year and, in 1858, the British were finally able to recapture Delhi and restore order. The British adopted a policy of reconciliation: Queen Victoria pardoned many of the rebels and respect was shown towards the Hindu and Muslim religions. Most importantly of all, the East India Company was abolished and Indian affairs were directly controlled through a specially-appointed governor.

How does Theseus contradict himself as it pertains to Hermia and Lysander, in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Theseus first sides with Egeus and tells Hermia to obey him, and then changes his mind and overrules Egeus to tell her she can marry Lysander.

Theseus either contradicts himself or changes his mind when he decides to overrule Egeus in Act 4 after siding with him in Act 1.  He flatly says that he doesn’t really believe the lovers’ story, but he still decides to allow them to marry.  Also, Theseus’s relationship with Hippolyta contradicts the role of women which he seems to espouse for Hermia.

When Egeus first comes before Theseus to request intervention in his daughter’s affairs, Theseus plainly takes his side.  He basically tells Hermia that as her father, Egeus can tell her what to do and she has no choice but to obey him.

What say you, Hermia? be advised fair maid:
To you your father should be as a god;
One that composed your beauties, yea, and one
To whom you are but as a form in wax
By him imprinted and within his power
To leave the figure or disfigure it. (Act 1, Scene 1) 

He tells her that she can either marry Demetrius, the man of her father’s choosing, or become a nun.  If she does not obey her father’s wishes she can be put to death.  A woman has no rights.  She is her father’s do with as he will.

A lot of really interesting things happen to the lovers during their time in the woods.  Most of the silliness that ensues is as a result of the intervention of fairies, specifically through Puck.  The lovers get paired off and unpaired at his will in order to wreak havoc.  In the end, however, they end up re-paired exactly as they were when they went into the woods: Hermia and Lysander, and Helena and Demetrius.  Demetrius, despite the ruling of Theseus and the will of Egeus, does favor Helena.

When Theseus hears of the lovers’ exploits, he is not exactly convinced. 

More strange than true: I never may believe
These antique fables, nor these fairy toys.
Lovers and madmen have such seething brains,
Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend
More than cool reason ever comprehends. (Act 5, Scene 1)

You would not expect him to change his ruling, after he so strongly worded it the first time.  However, he seems to be influenced by the fact that today is his wedding day.  Love is in the air, so to speak.  He pronounces the match, and basically tells Egeus that he needs to go along with it.

Why does Theseus so easily change his mind?  We see that his relationship with Hippolyta is not at all like what he described for Hermia.  Hippolyta is far from the obedient, simple woman with no free will.  He wooed her.  She is free to speak her mind.  He treats her more like an equal.  Perhaps on his wedding day Theseus has come to understand the value of a woman being able to make her own choice.

What did the shooting star signify to the Egypt game players?

In the story, the Egypt game players see the shooting star as the secret omen they have been looking for. 

As Halloween approaches, the Egypt game players become obsessed with the idea of making a return to Egypt. Because a little girl went missing and was eventually found dead in the marshland, parents have been keeping a closer watch on their children. As a result, Melanie, Elizabeth, April, and Marshall have not been able to...

In the story, the Egypt game players see the shooting star as the secret omen they have been looking for. 

As Halloween approaches, the Egypt game players become obsessed with the idea of making a return to Egypt. Because a little girl went missing and was eventually found dead in the marshland, parents have been keeping a closer watch on their children. As a result, Melanie, Elizabeth, April, and Marshall have not been able to make trips to Egypt.

On Halloween, the children see a shooting star and interpret that as a sign that they are being called back to Egypt. Melanie and April initially hide their plans from Elizabeth, as she tends to worry about engaging in activities without parental permission. Interestingly, it is Melanie who has reservations about going back to Egypt, after she has had time to think about the plan.

On the night the neighborhood children go trick-or-treating, however, Melanie gets into the spirit of the game. All four children cannot wait to return to Egypt, and their resolve is strengthened when they see the shooting star.

`x=-y , x=2y-y^2` Find the x and y moments of inertia and center of mass for the laminas of uniform density `p` bounded by the graphs of the...

For an irregularly shaped planar lamina of uniform density `(rho)` bounded by graphs `x=f(y),x=g(y)` and `c<=y<=d` , the mass `(m)` of this region is given by,

`m=rhoint_c^d[f(y)-g(y)]dy`

`m=rhoA` , where A is the area of the region.

The moments about the x- and y-axes are given by:

`M_x=rhoint_c^d y(f(y)-g(y))dy`

`M_y=rhoint_c^d 1/2([f(y)]^2-[g(y)]^2)dy`

The center of mass `(barx,bary)` is given by:

`barx=M_y/m`

`bary=M_x/m`

We are given:`x=-y,x=2y-y^2`

Refer to the attached image. The plot of `x=2y-y^2` is blue in...

For an irregularly shaped planar lamina of uniform density `(rho)` bounded by graphs `x=f(y),x=g(y)` and `c<=y<=d` , the mass `(m)` of this region is given by,

`m=rhoint_c^d[f(y)-g(y)]dy`

`m=rhoA` , where A is the area of the region.

The moments about the x- and y-axes are given by:

`M_x=rhoint_c^d y(f(y)-g(y))dy`

`M_y=rhoint_c^d 1/2([f(y)]^2-[g(y)]^2)dy`

The center of mass `(barx,bary)` is given by:

`barx=M_y/m`

`bary=M_x/m`

We are given:`x=-y,x=2y-y^2`

Refer to the attached image. The plot of `x=2y-y^2` is blue in color and plot of `x=-y` is red in color. The curves intersect at `(0,0)` and `(-3,3)` .

Let's first evaluate the area of the bounded region,

`A=int_0^3((2y-y^2)-(-y))dy`

`A=int_0^3(2y-y^2+y)dy`

`A=int_0^3(3y-y^2)dy`

`A=[3y^2/2-y^3/3]_0^3`

`A=[3/2(3)^2-1/3(3)^3]`

`A=[27/2-9]`

`A=9/2`

Now let' evaluate the moments about x- and y-axes using the above stated formulas:

`M_x=rhoint_0^3 y((2y-y^2)-(-y))dy`

`M_x=rhoint_0^3 y(2y-y^2+y)dy`

`M_x=rhoint_0^3 y(3y-y^2)dy`

`M_x=rhoint_0^3(3y^2-y^3)dy`

`M_x=rho[3(y^3/3)-y^4/4]_0^3`

`M_x=rho[y^3-y^4/4]_0^3`

`M_x=rho[3^3-3^4/4]`

`M_x=rho[27-81/4]`

`M_x=rho[(108-81)/4]`

`M_x=27/4rho`

`M_y=rhoint_0^3 1/2[(2y-y^2)^2-(-y)^2]dy`

`M_y=rhoint_0^3 1/2[((2y)^2-2(2y)y^2+(y^2)^2)-(y^2)]dy`

`M_y=rhoint_0^3 1/2[4y^2-4y^3+y^4-y^2]dy`

`M_y=rho/2int_0^3(y^4-4y^3+3y^2)dy`

`M_y=rho/2[y^5/5-4(y^4/4)+3(y^3/3)]_0^3`

`M_y=rho/2[y^5/5-y^4+y^3]_0^3`

`M_y=rho/2[3^5/5-3^4+3^3]`

`M_y=rho/2[243/5-81+27]`

`M_y=rho/2[243/5-54]`

`M_y=rho/2[(243-270)/5]`

`M_y=-27/10rho`

Now let's find the center of the mass by plugging the moments and and the area evaluated above,

`barx=M_y/m=M_y/(rhoA)`

`barx=(-27/10rho)/(rho9/2)`

`barx=(-27/10)(2/9)`

`barx=(-3)/5`

`bary=M_x/m=M_x/(rhoA)`

`bary=(27/4rho)/(rho9/2)`

`bary=(27/4)(2/9)`

`bary=3/2`

The coordinates of the center of mass are `((-3)/5,3/2)`

Why is Frampton there and what does it tell you about his character?

Framton Nuttel is calling on the Sappletons because he feels more or less compelled to do so by his sister. 

"I know how it will be," his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; "you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice."

She may be the type of person who would have no qualms about calling on strangers herself. But she characterizes her brother as a different type. He is shy, retiring, diffident, reclusive, introverted. He doesn't want to be calling on the Sappletons, and he doesn't want to use all the other letters of introduction his sister foisted on him. His original notion about spending time in the country may have involved living quietly in a little cottage and taking long walks by himself. According to the narrative:

Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing.

We can sympathize with Framton and identify with him, especially since he is the viewpoint character. Most of us would probably feel uneasy about calling upon a succession of strangers and feeling obliged to try to make a favorable impression. The Sappletons would most likely have only the vaguest memory of Framton's sister, who hasn't been back to this part of the country in four years. The Sappleton men aren't present. They may or may not have made conversation easier, as they might have begun to talk about shooting birds. Chances are that Framton, a city dweller, knows nothing about that bloody sport. Eventually it would become all too apparent that he had nothing to contribute.

Like all the characters in "The Open Window," Framton was created to suit the purposes of the plot. He is a complete stranger to this part of England. So he believes everything Vera tells him. He is a bundle of nerves, so he is likely to display a strong reaction to the appearance of the three "ghosts" approaching the open window.

In Warriors Don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals, what were some problems the characters faced? What were the solutions to the problems?

In Warriors Don't Cry, the main problem that Melba and the other members of the Little Rock Nine faced was integrating Central High School in 1957-1958. Some of the white students at the school harassed the Little Rock Nine, while others even assaulted them or threw objects at them. In the face of danger, pressure, and harassment, the Little Rock Nine had to get through the school year by employing different solutions. Melba Pattillo,...

In Warriors Don't Cry, the main problem that Melba and the other members of the Little Rock Nine faced was integrating Central High School in 1957-1958. Some of the white students at the school harassed the Little Rock Nine, while others even assaulted them or threw objects at them. In the face of danger, pressure, and harassment, the Little Rock Nine had to get through the school year by employing different solutions. Melba Pattillo, the author of the book, survived by imagining that she was a warrior doing battle in the school. She steeled herself for violence and attacks each day; she could not respond with violence, but she did respond with constant vigilance and mental toughness. The other students handled the violence and harassment in different ways; for example, Minnijean Brown dropped a tray loaded with chili on some students and then was expelled from school for calling some girls "white trash." The other students lasted out the year, and then the school closed rather than integrate.

In "To Kill A Mockingbird," who uses the 'N' word ?

Just about everyone in the book uses the 'N' word at one time or another. Miss Maudie doesn't at any point, and neither does Aunt Alexandra, Calpurnia, Boo, or Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Most of the black people don't use it, either, with the exception of Tom Robinson himself when he says in the trial to Mr. Gilmer, "It weren't safe for a nigger like me to be in a--fix like that," and Lula, when Calpurnia takes Jem and Scout to church with her one Sunday, who says, "I wants to know why you bringin' white chillun to nigger church." 

Even Atticus uses it a couple of times, but each time he points out, overtly or subtly, that it's a word they don't use. When Scout asks him, "Do you defend niggers, Atticus?" He responds, "Of course I do. Don't say nigger, Scout. It's common." 

Mr. Gilmer doesn't actually say it, either, but he uses all the language cues that suggest he would in other circumstances (outside of a trial), calling Tom Robinson "boy," for example. 

The men from Old Sarum who surround the jailhouse the night Atticus is sitting watch to hopefully prevent a lynching don't actually use the word, but they clearly use it in normal circumstances--since they're clearly there to lynch Tom. 

Mrs. Dubose accuses Atticus of "lawing for niggers," and Bob Ewell accuses Atticus of being "nigger-lovin' trash," and Mayella uses the word when she says that "that nigger took advantage of me." 

Just because a person doesn't use the word in the novel doesn't make them non-racist, though. 

What are some examples of friendship in All Quiet on the Western Front?

In the sixth chapter of All Quiet on the Western Front, specific examples of friendship can be seen in the midst of war.

Friendship is the tie that binds soldiers together. Despite the shelling, attacks, and sheer terror of war, companionship connects many of the young soldiers. This can be seen when Paul comforts his friend, Haie Westhus, in his last moments of life: "Haie Westhus drags off with a great wound in his back...

In the sixth chapter of All Quiet on the Western Front, specific examples of friendship can be seen in the midst of war.

Friendship is the tie that binds soldiers together. Despite the shelling, attacks, and sheer terror of war, companionship connects many of the young soldiers. This can be seen when Paul comforts his friend, Haie Westhus, in his last moments of life: "Haie Westhus drags off with a great wound in his back through which the lung pulses at every breath. I can only press his hand; 'It's all up, Paul,' he groans and he bites his arm because of the pain." The terror of the war has done much to desensitize soldiers from one another. However, Paul embodies the ethics of friendship in the midst of the war. He holds Haie's hand as he dies. This is a powerful example of friendship in the text.

Another such example is evident at the end of the chapter. After the intense shelling of the night before, the soldiers attend roll call. Paul immediately recognizes familiar faces as havens from the pain of war:

Now someone is calling the number of our company, it is, yes, the Company Commander, he has come through, then; his arm is in a sling. We go over to him and I recognise Kat and Albert, we stand together, lean against each other, and look at one another.

When they "lean against each other" and "stand together," it is clear that friendship is one of the most important elements to the soldiers in fighting off war's brutality. It represents how the soldiers need something, anything, to help them endure the unimaginable. In this way, chapter 6 of All Quiet on the Western Front displays distinct examples of friendship.

When do gases and liquids contract, and why do they contract?

The Kinetic Theory of Matter states that an object is made up of tiny particles - atoms or molecules - that are in constant motion. A book is well-defined - it has a certain volume and a certain mass. The book is made up of molecules of various chemicals making up the paper and the ink. While the book is not vibrating - not moving at all, in fact - the molecules inside it are in constant motion - they are vibrating in place. The same is true for a liquid. Water sitting in a glass might not appear to be moving, but the molecules in it are actually moving around and vibrating - to a much greater extent than solids. Molecules in gases are in an even greater constant motion. They have higher kinetic energies, and can actually take up any available space. Molecules/atoms in gases interact negligibly making this possible, as opposed to the free-moving molecules in liquids that are still interacting and hence giving it a defined volume. In solids, the molecules are very tightly packed that only the vibrations are possible.

However, even in solids, increasing the temperature will cause a bit of an expansion. This is the reason why there are tiny gaps in rail roads, for instance. It allows for the thermal expansion of the material. This happens because as temperature rises, the kinetic energy in the molecules also increases, and they vibrate more rapidly - this results in a displacement due to vibration that's higher than lower temperatures. The same happens for gases and liquids.

The reverse of this is also true. As temperature decreases, kinetic energy decreases. This would result to less movement. In solids, while there is still compression, it is not very noticeable as the molecules/atoms are already tightly packed. However, in liquids and gases, this is very significant. Lower temperature means lower kinetic energy and hence less vibration and the molecules can interact more. This results to contraction in liquids and gases. This is more dramatic in gases. According to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the particles in a gas do not interact at all. This is because of high kinetic energy. However, by reducing that, this gives the particles a chance to interact with each other, thus further slowing them down, and you get contraction in lower temperatures - very much dramatic when you put a balloon in a freezer. This is also when it may start to condense.

Hence, in brief, liquids and gases contract or get compressed at lower temperatures. This is because of the lowering of the kinetic energy that lessens the vibrations and motions in the particles.

(Note: In some cases, like water, compression of a liquid stops at a certain point. When it freezes, ice is less dense than water. This is because of the structure of the water in the ice crystal).

4. You drop a 16-pound bowling ball off of a 50-foot structure. How fast is the bowling ball traveling when it strikes the ground?

This question is missing some basic assumptions, but based on the standard way these questions are typically phrased, I am assuming that the friction and air resistance are irrelevant.

Given that, the weight of the bowling ball is also irrelevant. Gravity on Earth is a constant that affects all objects equally, pulling at approximately 32.2 feet per second per second.

The acceleration is constant but that means the bowling ball's speed is not. The longer...

This question is missing some basic assumptions, but based on the standard way these questions are typically phrased, I am assuming that the friction and air resistance are irrelevant.

Given that, the weight of the bowling ball is also irrelevant. Gravity on Earth is a constant that affects all objects equally, pulling at approximately 32.2 feet per second per second.

The acceleration is constant but that means the bowling ball's speed is not. The longer it falls, the faster it falls. To account for that discrepancy, the formula for calculating time falling involves the square root of the height:

Time to fall = sqrt ( 2 * height / 32.2 )

If we plug in our initial height into that formula and run it through our calculators, we get ~1.76 seconds until the ball hits the ground.

We can then plug that back into the gravitational constant to determine the bowling ball's final speed. The bowling ball gains 32.2 feet/second of speed for every second of acceleration, so, after 1.76 seconds of acceleration, it is traveling at,

32.2 ft / sec^2 * 1.76 sec = ~56.7 feet / sec

The bowling ball will be going about 56.7 feet per second when it strikes the ground.

Which of Thoreau's later essays exemplifies his qualities as a scientist?

Henry David Thoreau's interest in science was in that of the natural world; though not formally educated, he was an avid observer of plants and animals and kept meticulous records on his walks, hikes, and canoe trips as he camped in New England, Canada, New York, and as far west as Minnesota. 

"The Succession of Forest Trees" (1860) is an analysis of the ecology of forests; in this essay, Thoreau makes a case for why...

Henry David Thoreau's interest in science was in that of the natural world; though not formally educated, he was an avid observer of plants and animals and kept meticulous records on his walks, hikes, and canoe trips as he camped in New England, Canada, New York, and as far west as Minnesota. 

"The Succession of Forest Trees" (1860) is an analysis of the ecology of forests; in this essay, Thoreau makes a case for why farmers should plant trees in a natural pattern of succession. It describes in scientific detail how seed propagation occurs, assisted by natural forces of animals, wind, and water movement, and what man's role can and should be in this process.

"Wild Apples" (1862) is an appreciation for the titular fruit, and does offer a homegrown botanist's view of the fruit's origin and spread as a species throughout the world, making the case for ungrafted and uncultivated apples' superiority.

Develop a budget for one communication strategy to be used by a community service organisation to promote a new program available for carers in the...

In terms of budgeting, the creation of a website can actually be done for a very small amount of money. Right now, the most popular program used for the creation of websites is Wordpress, which is accessed simply by going to www.wordpress.com, and although the creation of the website itself is free, securing a domain name runs from about $3-$5 a month. To create a domain name, you'll need to access a domain registrar and...

In terms of budgeting, the creation of a website can actually be done for a very small amount of money. Right now, the most popular program used for the creation of websites is Wordpress, which is accessed simply by going to www.wordpress.com, and although the creation of the website itself is free, securing a domain name runs from about $3-$5 a month. To create a domain name, you'll need to access a domain registrar and choose a name that makes sense in accordance with your business plan. Bluehost.com is an oft-cited resource for securing a domain name. After doing this, you'll need to choose a template for your website. These themes are also free and very easy to install. Next, you'll have to add pages to beef up your website, and this will include posting relevant information concerning the new programs that provide info on the available careers in your community. After all this, you could measure the return on investment by installing Google Analytics in order to measure the amount of traffic that your webpage generates. Google Analytics is an easily installable plug-in that tracks the activity on your website. Taking this approach is likely more effective than using traditional media due to the overall decrease in newspaper circulation and the limitations inherent to print media. It is pretty difficult to track who is reading what in paper print since print generally doesn't provide easily analyzable data. If you make a website, it will be very easy to see what subsets of the population you are able to reach.  

How can I write an essay comparing The Call of the Wild and "To Build A Fire?"

When he fails to build a fire, the protagonist wants to kill the dog and bury himself within the dog's body to thaw himself out and then rebuild his fire. However, when he calls the dog, the dog senses something strange: 

"He spoke to the dog, calling it to him; but in his voice was a strange note of fear that frightened the animal, who had never known the man to speak in such way before."

The man then realizes that he can't kill the dog because he doesn't have use of his hands. The dog breaks away from the man, snarling, and after the man dies, the dog "turned and trotted up the trail in the direction of the camp it knew, where were the other food-providers and fire-providers." The dog and the man have never truly developed an affinity for each other because the man only sees the dog in utilitarian terms; therefore, in the end, the dog does not want to help the man.

In The Call of the Wild, however, the dog, Buck, develops a deep connection to Thornton after Thornton rescues Buck from cruel owners. London writes of Buck, "Love, genuine passionate love, was his for the first time." After Thornton shows this type of concern for Buck, Buck is entirely devoted to him. London writes, "Buck's love was expressed in adoration. While he went wild with happiness when Thornton touched him or spoke to him, he did not seek these tokens." In other words, Buck doesn't even need treats from Thornton because he loves his owner so much.

As Thornton has shown so much concern for Buck, the dog helps Thornton and even saves his life. When Thornton is thrown out a boat and is being carried down river, "Buck had sprung in on the instant; and at the end of three hundred yards, amid a mad swirl of water, he overhauled Thornton." Buck rescues Thornton not just out of a sense of instinct but because Buck loves Thornton. In both stories, men and dogs play vital protective roles for each other, but only when the dog truly loves the man, as Buck loves Thornton, is the dog willing to sacrifice his life for his owner. 

How would you describe Liem from The Refugees by Viet Thanh Nguyen?

Liem is the main character of “The Other Man” from . He is eighteen years old and grew up in Long Xuyen, Vietnam. When he was seventeen, his family sent him to work in Saigon. While he was there, Liem learned a bit of English and realized that he needed to flee the communist regime should Saigon fall to the People’s Army of Vietnam (the fall of Saigon was preceded by a mass...

Liem is the main character of “The Other Man” from . He is eighteen years old and grew up in Long Xuyen, Vietnam. When he was seventeen, his family sent him to work in Saigon. While he was there, Liem learned a bit of English and realized that he needed to flee the communist regime should Saigon fall to the People’s Army of Vietnam (the fall of Saigon was preceded by a mass evacuation of American troops as well as an exodus of Vietnamese citizens who feared being seen as supporters of the southern Vietnamese government). Liem boards a barge and travels to Camp Pendleton in San Diego. He is eventually sponsored by a Parrish, a wealthy San Franciscan man, and moves into Parrish’s comfortable home. Liem finds work at a liquor store and is generally happy with his new life in the United States. Though he is grateful to Parrish, Liem finds himself attracted to Parrish’s lover, Marcus, and they have an affair while Parrish is out of town. Through his affair with Marcus, Liem learns more about his sexuality and begins to think more deeply about how he can shape his own identity.

In "The Adventure of The Speckled Band," where did Holmes and Watson catch the train from and where to?

When Sherlock Holmes wakes his friend in the early morning, Dr. Watson states:

He was a late riser, as a rule, and as the clock on the mantelpiece showed me that it was only a quarter-past seven, I blinked up at him in some surprise, and perhaps just a little resentment, for I was myself regular in my habits.

Their visitor Helen Stoner explains why and how she has arrived so early.

“I started from home...

When Sherlock Holmes wakes his friend in the early morning, Dr. Watson states:

He was a late riser, as a rule, and as the clock on the mantelpiece showed me that it was only a quarter-past seven, I blinked up at him in some surprise, and perhaps just a little resentment, for I was myself regular in my habits.

Their visitor Helen Stoner explains why and how she has arrived so early.

“I started from home before six, reached Leatherhead at twenty past, and came in by the first train to Waterloo.”

It only took her twenty minutes to reach Leatherhead Station from her home at Stoke Moran, and she must have reached London in less than a half hour. She took a dog cart from Stoke Moran to Leatherhead and hired a cab at Waterloo Station in London to take her to Baker Street. 

When Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson go down to Stoke Moran, they follow Helen Stoner's journey in reverse. They take a cab to Waterloo Station, the major London train station, named in honor of the famous battle of Waterloo in which the British defeated Napoleon Bonaparte.

At Waterloo we were fortunate in catching a train for Leatherhead, where we hired a trap at the station inn and drove for four or five miles through the lovely Surrey lanes.

It is noteworthy that Holmes solves the case in less than twenty-four hours. Helen Stoner presents herself at 7:15 A.M. Holmes and Watson spend the darkest hours of that night in her room. Dr. Roylott sends the "speckled band" through the ventilator shortly after 3 A.M. and is dead within less than an hour. Holmes has not only succeeded in protecting his client as he was originally commissioned to do, but he has solved the two-year-old "locked room murder mystery" surrounding the death of Helen's sister Julia. 

According to Dr. Watson:

The little which I had yet to learn of the case was told me by Sherlock Holmes as we travelled back next day.

That would be the day after Helen Stoner came to 221B Baker Street with her complicated problem.

What are some of the cultural characteristics of Spain before Islam as presented in A Vanished World by Chris Lowney?

Chris Lowney’s novel A Vanished World focuses on Spanish history from the Muslim conquest of 711 to the destruction of the last Muslim Kingdom in 1492. The story, told in the form of minibiographies, explores how Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities interacted and influenced each other.

Because the book begins with the Muslim invasion of Spain, it does not dwell long on the cultural characteristics of Spain prior to Muslim influence. Prior to the Moors’...

Chris Lowney’s novel A Vanished World focuses on Spanish history from the Muslim conquest of 711 to the destruction of the last Muslim Kingdom in 1492. The story, told in the form of minibiographies, explores how Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities interacted and influenced each other.

Because the book begins with the Muslim invasion of Spain, it does not dwell long on the cultural characteristics of Spain prior to Muslim influence. Prior to the Moors’ arrival in Spain, the Visigoth kingdom ruled the Iberian Peninsula, Hispania, from the years 415 to 711. The early Visigoths were Arian Christians who segregated themselves from the local Catholic population. Culturally, the Visigoth ruling class was influenced by the styles and technology of Constantinople. An effect of Visigoth rule was a depopulation of cities as people relocated to the countryside.

In 587, the Visigoth king Reccared converted to Catholicism and sought to unify Spain under this faith. Church councils became the most powerful institution in the region with Toledo as the new capital city. This period saw a reversal of the typically tolerant practices of earlier Visigoth rulers regarding Jewish people. King Sisebut in 616 ordered that Jews be forcibly baptized or exiled. 

In what ways did the railroad industry reshape or change American life and business in the late 1800s? 2. What were the differences in...

The development of the American railroad, combined with other advances in technology of the late 1800s, generated huge changes in American life and business. Small business owners, whose markets had previously been limited to their nearby communities, could suddenly send the their goods to buyers all over the country. Further, factories in northern states that had been exporting goods overseas similarly had new opportunities to sell goods to buyers in western and southern states. In...

The development of the American railroad, combined with other advances in technology of the late 1800s, generated huge changes in American life and business. Small business owners, whose markets had previously been limited to their nearby communities, could suddenly send the their goods to buyers all over the country. Further, factories in northern states that had been exporting goods overseas similarly had new opportunities to sell goods to buyers in western and southern states. In short, the American railroad caused a boom in the economy.

The impacts these changes had for Americans in the middle and lower classes were profound. The average individual experienced greater geographic mobility, which empowered people to exchange ideas and move in the hopes of finding better jobs or better educational opportunities. Many middle and low-income Americans were able to leave subsistence farming as the agricultural industry could produce and distribute enough food for the nation. This freed people to further their education and seek better-paying jobs in cities. Overall, American society shifted culturally from being rural and agrarian to urban and industrial.

These changes also had profound effects for Native Americans. During early United States expansion, Native Americans were relocated from the eastern territories to the Midwest using a mix of diplomacy, coercion, and violence. The expansion of the railroads infringed on these Native American reservations and forced another wave of relocation of Native Americans to still smaller reservations. The expansion of the railroad caused increased tensions and violence between settlers in western territories and Native Americans.

How does a lack of information impact clinicians in assigning specific diagnoses of their patients' conditions?

No nurse or physician can be expected to make a completely accurate diagnosis of a patient's condition absent the relevant information. While it seems tautological to suggest that such a situation would never arise, that is far from true. Hospital emergency rooms frequently receive patients delivered by ambulance or by police the identification of whom is unknown for an hour or more. As such, there is no case history to accompany this "John Doe" patient from which attending medical staff can begin to assess the unidentified patient's condition. In the case of a shooting or stabbing victim, the ailment is obvious. In cases in which an unidentified patient is suffering from an unknown illness, however, it is incumbent upon medical staff to make a preliminary assessment based solely upon the patient's "vitals," such as blood pressure and body temperature. Bodily fluids and other substances, especially blood, but also urine and feces, can provide vital information, but only after these substances are drawn and analyzed by phlebotomists and laboratory personnel.

When patients enter hospitals, whether through emergency care or on the recommendation of attending or primary care physicians, their personal medical histories are generally easily accessible. Those histories, which include known allergies to medications and food as well as prior instances of illnesses and/or surgical procedures, provide medical personnel the background they need to assess the current condition of the patient. The more background information medical staff has, and the more contemporaneous information attained through examination of the patient, the more accurate the diagnosis. 

The human body is, needless to say, an extraordinarily complex "system of systems," in which a flaw in or injury to any one part can affect the well-being of the individual to greater or lesser degrees. As noted, blood samples can provide a great deal of vital information, as can imaging of the pertinent part of the patient's anatomy. Information obtained through the use of magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, for example, or through CT scans is often essential for the diagnosis of many ailments, including tumors or muscle or other tissue tears. That is why advances in diagnostic technologies have proven so important  to so many people. A diagnosis based upon incomplete information can prove catastrophic. There is often little margin for error in the diagnosis of a patient's condition, and the more information available to medical staff, the more likely the diagnosis will be accurate, and the proper course of treatment can be prescribed.

In Old Major's speech in Animal Farm, what is one example of repetition that is used?

At the beginning of Animal Farm, old Major gives an impassioned speech in which he urges the animals to rebel against Mr. Jones in order to live better lives. Throughout his speech, old Major uses the rhetorical device of repetition to emphasize significant themes and ideas. Old Major continually refers to the animals as "comrades" throughout the speech to emphasize that each animal is in the same situation. Repetition of the word "comrades" also focuses on the camaraderie of the group, and encourages the animals to identify with one another. Another example of repetition in old Major's speech is the continued use of associating "man" with anything negative. Old Major repeats how man is selfish, useless, and oppressive throughout his entire speech. He continually mentions how man is responsible for the dire conditions on the farm and urges the animals to rebel against Mr. Jones.

How did the professor stumble upon the Egypt game?

The professor stumbled upon the Egypt Game while looking for something in a storeroom in the back of his antique shop. 

Since he was not used to being in the storeroom, his curiosity was piqued when he heard a noise coming from outside the storeroom. The text tells us that the storeroom overlooked an abandoned yard surrounded by a fence and that there was a dilapidated lean-to shed in the yard. 

Since the storeroom window...

The professor stumbled upon the Egypt Game while looking for something in a storeroom in the back of his antique shop. 

Since he was not used to being in the storeroom, his curiosity was piqued when he heard a noise coming from outside the storeroom. The text tells us that the storeroom overlooked an abandoned yard surrounded by a fence and that there was a dilapidated lean-to shed in the yard. 

Since the storeroom window was caked with grime, the professor had to rub out a spot in the thick coating of dirt before he could look through the glass. As he looked through the window, the professor saw two girls (of about eleven or twelve-years-old) and a little boy (of about four-years-old) coming through a hole in the fence.

The professor had seen both of the girls before; the first, called April, once entered his store, while the other, an African-American girl, was a resident in the neighborhood. The little boy, also African-American, was undoubtedly the second girl's brother. Because he had a customer waiting, the professor had to make his way back to the front of the store.

Later, after the customer left, the professor made his way back to the storeroom. From the storeroom window, he could see that the children had made changes to the surrounding yard. They had propped up the lean-to shed with some old porch pillars from the yard and placed a statue of Diana next to it. In the back and center of the shed, the children had placed a chipped, plaster bust of Nefertiti ensconced in a broken birdbath. They had also weeded the yard and placed a thistle flower offering before the Nefertiti birdbath. 

So, the professor stumbled upon the beginnings of the Egypt Game while looking for something in a storeroom in the back of his antique shop.

Reasons why Lady Macbeth wants Macbeth to kill Duncan.

The reason Lady Macbeth encourages her husband to kill King Duncan is because she is motivated by her ambition and desire to become queen. After Lady Macbeth reads her husband's letter regarding the prophecy of the three witches, she commands evil spirits to make her callous, bloodthirsty, and courageous enough to plot Duncan's murder.

Lady Macbeth is excessively ambitious and desires the authority, prestige, and material wealth that come along with being queen, which is...

The reason Lady Macbeth encourages her husband to kill King Duncan is because she is motivated by her ambition and desire to become queen. After Lady Macbeth reads her husband's letter regarding the prophecy of the three witches, she commands evil spirits to make her callous, bloodthirsty, and courageous enough to plot Duncan's murder.

Lady Macbeth is excessively ambitious and desires the authority, prestige, and material wealth that come along with being queen, which is why she wants her husband to kill King Duncan. However, Lady Macbeth is worried that her husband is too kind and sensitive to follow through with assassinating the king. Therefore, Lady Macbeth plans and participates in the plot to kill King Duncan to guarantee that she will become queen. Unfortunately, Lady Macbeth's plans are in vain because she gradually becomes overwhelmed with guilt after Macbeth kills King Duncan. Despite becoming queen, Lady Macbeth ends up losing her mind and commits suicide by the end of the play.

Why was Jing-mei’s mother’s life in China hard?

In the story "Two Kinds," we learn that Jing-mei's mother (Suyuan Woo) arrived in San Francisco after losing her parents, her home, her first husband, and her two twin baby girls in China during World War II. In the book The Joy Luck Club (from which the story "Two Kinds" can be found), we learn that Suyuan Woo's difficulties arose when the Japanese invaded China.

Accordingly, Suyuan's husband had sent her and their twin baby...

In the story "Two Kinds," we learn that Jing-mei's mother (Suyuan Woo) arrived in San Francisco after losing her parents, her home, her first husband, and her two twin baby girls in China during World War II. In the book The Joy Luck Club (from which the story "Two Kinds" can be found), we learn that Suyuan Woo's difficulties arose when the Japanese invaded China.

Accordingly, Suyuan's husband had sent her and their twin baby girls to Kweilin for safety. Suyuan's husband was an officer in the Kuomintang, so he could not stay with his family. Instead, he had to report to Chungking. Later, Suyuan and her babies fled Kweilin with nothing more than the clothes on their backs. A Chinese army officer had warned Suyuan that Japanese soldiers were coming to Kweilin. 

Suyuan first started out her journey to Chungking (where her husband was stationed) by pushing a wheelbarrow with her babies in them. Eventually, one of the wheels broke, and Suyuan had to carry the babies in slings. On each hand, she carried bags of food and two suitcases of clothing. Soon, her fingers bled from the exertion, and she had to continue without the bags and suitcases. The journey was onerous, and Suyuan and the babies suffered from hunger, thirst, and exhaustion. 

To make matters worse, Suyuan soon contracted a terrible case of dysentery. Fearing that she would soon die, Suyuan made the terrible decision to leave her babies by the side of the road. She attached photos of her parents and her wedding to the babies clothing. She also left money and jewelry under the babies' shirts and left a note imploring anyone who found them to care for them. 

Suyuan did not die, however; she was soon picked up by a truck heading to Chungking. There, she discovered that her husband had died, which added to her heartache. Suyuan eventually immigrated to America, but she never forgot her babies. Suyuan's life in China was hard because she had to endure physical suffering, the death of her husband, the loss of her parents, and separation from her twin baby daughters.

"Golding illustrates that the source of human evil is fear." Provide evidence and quotations from for this thesis. I need 3 arguments and each...

That's a great thesis.  It makes a claim about the book that I feel can be strongly supported.  

There are plenty of instances in the book where Golding shows how the boys did something evil or acted in an evil manner because they are afraid of something.  More often than not, fear is what causes the boys to act.  Unfortunately, fear almost always causes the boys to act in hateful, malicious, and evil ways.  

Over the course of the entire novel, Golding shows readers a transformation that happens to the boys on the island.    When the boys are being introduced, readers might have high hopes for the overall survival of the boys.  They all seem to be friendly to each other, and they are actually excited by the possibility of being on the island together for a few days. Ralph actually announces to the boys that there is nothing to worry about.  In his opinion, the island is a place where they all can enjoy themselves until rescue shows up. 

“While we’re waiting we can have a good time on this island.”

He gesticulated widely.

“It’s like in a book.”

At once there was a clamor.

“Treasure Island–”

“Swallows and Amazons–”

“Coral Island–”

The allusion to The Coral Island is an interesting allusion because Golding was supposedly influenced to write Lord of the Flies because of his earlier experience with The Coral Island. He even borrowed character names from the book. In a nut shell, The Coral Island is about a group of boys that get stranded on an idyllic island paradise, and they successfully work together to build shelters and canoes. Additionally, they vanquish the island's "false gods" by using fire.  It's a story of bravery and goodness.  Golding's book is about fear and moral degeneration. 

Golding's book only initially begins like The Coral Island because the boys aren't afraid of anything.  The boys even hold an election in order to set up a basic government, a chain of command, and a division of labor.  

“Jack’s in charge of the choir. They can be—what do you want them to be?”

“Hunters.”

Jack and Ralph smiled at each other with shy liking. The rest began to talk eagerly.

After this moment, Ralph decides that the island needs some exploration.  He and two other boys excitedly head off, and everybody else (except Piggy) is content to hang out together.  

This entire fun vibe begins to fall apart in chapter 2 when the boys are given something to be fearful of and worry about.  One of the littluns tells the group that he saw a "beastie." 

Ralph laughed, and the other boys laughed with him. The small boy twisted further into himself.

"Tell us about the snake-thing."

"Now he says it was a beastie."

"Beastie?"

"A snake-thing. Ever so big. He saw it."

"Where?'

"In the woods."

[…]

"He says the beastie came in the dark."

[...]

There was no laughter at all now and more grave watching.

Immediately after this, readers are told that Jack "seized the conch."  He doesn't ask for it.  He takes it for himself and announces that he and his hunters would kill the beast if it existed.  In the previous chapter, Jack showed himself incapable of killing a pig that they might need for food; however, now that he is fearful, his inner bloodlust has been triggered.  

Over the course of the next few chapters, the boys' fear continues to escalate and grow.  Readers can see how it's becoming a problem for the group, and Ralph sees it too.  The littluns aren't sleeping because of their fear, and their talk of the beastie is beginning to put everyone else on edge.  Consequently, Ralph and Jack begin to argue and bicker with each other more than they actually work together. 

In an attempt to get everybody's fear under control,  Ralph calls another meeting.  He berates everybody for slacking off on their jobs.  His goal is to get everybody to focus on an assigned task.  If everybody is working on a task, there isn't time to always focus on fear. Ralph correctly realizes that all of the problems are linked to everybody's fear. 

“Things are breaking up. I don’t understand why. We began well; we were happy. And then—”

He moved the conch gently, looking beyond them at nothing, remembering the beastie, the snake, the fire, the talk of fear.

“Then people started getting frightened.”

Jack actually supports Ralph in this argument, but Jack is less tactful.  

“The thing is—fear can’t hurt you any more than a dream. There aren’t any beasts to be afraid of on this island.”

Jack also confidently tells everybody that he has been all over the island and hasn't seen any beast. 

Piggy also puts in his own opinion on the matter, and more or less says the same thing about not needing to fear anything. Unfortunately, he ruins his own advice by stating out loud that if the boys should fear anything it should be each other.

“Unless we get frightened of people.”

Fortunately, the pep talk seems to have worked.  Everybody is back to a bit of joking around until one of the littluns states something that nobody had thought of before.  

“He says the beast comes out of the sea.”

The meeting digresses into chaos, screaming, and insults.  

Jack was up too, unaccountably angry.

“Who cares what you believe—Fatty!”

Once again, fear has caused the boys to ignore all forms of decorum.  They are at each other's throats.  Jack goes running off, and many boys follow him.  It's the start of a serious division between Ralph's supporters and Jack's supporters.  

By chapter 8, fear and the fear of the beast has turned Jack, Roger, and the other choir boys into monsters.  They no longer hunt to supply everybody with food.  They hunt because they enjoy the kill, and they have even begun to mutilate carcasses by stabbing spears up an animal's anus. Additionally, fear causes Jack to begin making sacrificial offerings to the imagined beast. 

“This head is for the beast. It’s a gift.”

By the end of the story, whether or not Jack is afraid of the beast isn't clear.  What is clear though is that Jack is afraid of losing power to Ralph.  It's why Jack so badly wants Ralph dead. Jack has gotten a taste of real power, and he wants to keep it.  He's willing to be incredibly violent and cruel to keep it too.  That's how he keeps his power over the other boys as well.  They are afraid of Jack, and that fear motivates them to listen to his every command no matter how sinister.

“I said ‘grab them’!”

The painted group moved round Samneric nervously and unhandily. Once more the silvery laughter scattered. 

I'm unsure of what 3 specific arguments your essay is going to contain, but the above evidence and quotes can be tailored to help you with a variety of arguments.  

In chapter 8 of Nectar in a Sieve, how does the tannery change the lives of the four women who met so long ago?

The tannery has indeed changed the lives of the four women. Although three of the women lament the changes, Kunthi is positively inclined towards the tannery. She is appreciative of the economic benefits it brings to the village. As an example, Kunthi tells Rukmani and Janaki that her two eldest sons already bring home more than a man's wages from working at the tannery.

Kunthi is also pleased that the tannery has apparently changed their dreary village into a growing town. She is simultaneously ecstatic that this change is accompanied by the appearance of droves of young men to the village. Kunthi delights in going into town, "where, with her good looks and provocative body, she could be sure of admiration, and more, from the young men."

Meanwhile, Janaki is less than enthused with Kunthi's attitude. She frets that her husband's shop is struggling to compete against the newer, bigger shops in town. Eventually, Janaki and her family have to leave the village in order to search for new opportunities elsewhere. Although Rukmani is sad about this new development, she is forced (by circumstances) to refrain from dwelling on her feelings.

Rukmani and her husband are mainly small-scale farmers, and they must continue to survive even as the economic landscape in their village changes. Both Rukmani and Kali envy the Muslim wives of the men who work as tannery officials. These wives have servants, and they don't appear to have to work for their sustenance. Rukmani rejects such a life; despite the challenges inherent in farming, she would rather revel in the "open fields and the sky and the unfettered sight of the sun" than submit herself to a life of lonely seclusion.

From the above, we can see how the tannery has changed the lives of the four women. While Kunthi embraces the benefits the tannery brings, Janaki's life has been destroyed by the tannery. Her family has had to relocate and invent new opportunities in response to the changes. Meanwhile, Kali and Rukmani choose to stay, but their lives are made more difficult as a result of their decision.

Write a diary entry (from Macbeth's perspective) about how Macbeth feels in act 1, scene 7.

Act 1, scene 7 deals with Macbeth and Lady Macbeth arguing about whether they should proceed with the murder of King Duncan. While I will not write the diary entry, here are several ideas you should touch on:

1. Macbeth feels an overwhelming guilt because he is Duncan's host and should "not bear the knife itself." In addition, Macbeth praises Duncan's goodness as a person who has "been / So clear in his great office, that his...

Act 1, scene 7 deals with Macbeth and Lady Macbeth arguing about whether they should proceed with the murder of King Duncan. While I will not write the diary entry, here are several ideas you should touch on:

1. Macbeth feels an overwhelming guilt because he is Duncan's host and should "not bear the knife itself." In addition, Macbeth praises Duncan's goodness as a person who has "been / So clear in his great office, that his virtues / Will plead like angels." Your diary entry should include Macbeth exploring this guilt.


2. You must also touch on Lady Macbeth challenging her husband's manhood. She tells him that if he commits the murder he would be "so much more the man." In addition, she says that if she had the opportunity, she would have "dash'd the brains out" of a baby suckling at her breast. Without exploring Macbeth's shame, your entry would be incomplete. Ultimately, it is this shame that drives him to commit the murder. 


3. This is somewhat related to the second point, but Lady Macbeth is the one who devises the plan to kill Duncan and place the blame on the king's chambermaids. In this hypermasculine world, Macbeth allows his wife to control the action. You must touch on this swapping of gender roles. 

While you must touch on the above points, your entire diary entry must focus on the conflict Macbeth feels because of his wife. 

Tonally, your diary entry must be one filled with angst. Macbeth is confused and is feeling somewhat bullied by his wife. He must feel trapped knowing that he has two choices: commit regicide or betray his wife's belief in him. You have to remember that Macbeth, up to this point in his life, has been a good man and a loyal servant of the king. The action he is taking will betray everything he has worked for in his life to this point.

According to Jackson, what were the potential beniefits of removal for Native Americans?

Andrew Jackson believed there would be some benefits for the Native Americans if they were removed from the lands on which they lived, which were located east of the Mississippi River. Andrew Jackson believed that the Native Americans were like children who needed guidance. He believed, as did many white Americans, that the people of the United States would not move to lands located west of the Mississippi River. If the Native Americans were removed...

Andrew Jackson believed there would be some benefits for the Native Americans if they were removed from the lands on which they lived, which were located east of the Mississippi River. Andrew Jackson believed that the Native Americans were like children who needed guidance. He believed, as did many white Americans, that the people of the United States would not move to lands located west of the Mississippi River. If the Native Americans were removed to these western lands, it was believed that they would be able to live in peace and would be able to govern themselves. They also would be free from intimidation and harassment from white people who viewed the Native Americans as inferior to whites. They also would be safe from potential attack by settlers who wanted their land.

It turned out that many of these premises were false. White people expanded west of the Mississippi River, and they again wanted the lands on which the Native Americans lived.

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, what kinds of interactions do the minor characters have with the protagonist that are important? Please give...

When Jem invites Walter Cunningham Jr. to dinner, Scout learns a few things. Jem is cordial with Walter. And when they get home, Atticus treats him like an equal: 

While Walter piled food on his plate, he and Atticus talked together like two men, to the wonderment of Jem and me. Atticus was expounding upon farm problems when Walter interrupted to ask if there was any molasses in the house. 

Despite these two brief lessons,...

When Jem invites Walter Cunningham Jr. to dinner, Scout learns a few things. Jem is cordial with Walter. And when they get home, Atticus treats him like an equal: 

While Walter piled food on his plate, he and Atticus talked together like two men, to the wonderment of Jem and me. Atticus was expounding upon farm problems when Walter interrupted to ask if there was any molasses in the house. 

Despite these two brief lessons, Scout is still thinking that Walter is "just a Cunningham" and therefore, less of a person than a Finch, for example. When Walter starts eating, she criticizes him and Cal scolds her. Cal notes that even if the Finches are of a higher social class, that is irrelevant and Scout should treat everyone with respect: 

"Yo‘ folks might be better’n the Cunninghams but it don’t count for nothin’ the way you’re disgracin‘ ’em—if you can’t act fit to eat at the table you can just set here and eat in the kitchen!" 

But this lesson does stay with Scout. Much later, in Chapter 15, Scout tries to employ the same strategies with Walter Cunningham Sr. She tries to be friendly and talk to him about his interests. Walter and a mob have come to the courthouse to get Tom Robinson. Atticus is guarding the jail. When a confrontation ensues, Scout, Jem, and Dill interrupt. Jem refuses to leave. To interject, Scout tries talking to Walter Sr. about entailments. She also tells him to tell Walter Jr. hello from her. This gesture gets through to Walter Sr. and he calls off the mob. 

In Chapter 20, Scout learns that Dolphus Raymond only pretends to be drunk. Outside the courthouse, Raymond explains that as a white man living with a black woman, most of Maycomb's citizens do not accept this lifestyle. So, he pretends to be drunk to give them a reason for his "odd" behavior. Scout asks why he would share this secret with them (Scout, Dill, and Jem). Raymond replies that children are open-minded enough to understand it. This implies that (most) adults are narrow-minded and intolerant, with some too stubbornly set in traditional ways of thinking. 

Who has the strongest impact on Montag in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury?

In Fahrenheit 451, Clarisse has the strongest impact on Montag. It is significant that Montag almost predicts her arrival in the story, indicating the importance of her forthcoming role:

He had the most uncertain sidewalk just around the corner here… The air seemed charged with a special calm as if someone had waited there.

Once the pair meet, Clarisse talks about subjects Montag has never thought of before, like the taste of the rain...

In Fahrenheit 451, Clarisse has the strongest impact on Montag. It is significant that Montag almost predicts her arrival in the story, indicating the importance of her forthcoming role:

He had the most uncertain sidewalk just around the corner here… The air seemed charged with a special calm as if someone had waited there.

Once the pair meet, Clarisse talks about subjects Montag has never thought of before, like the taste of the rain and life before the firemen. Her carefree and non-conformist attitude is like a breath of fresh air for Montag. 

Clarisse contrasts strongly with people in Montag's life like Mildred and Beatty, who personify orthodoxy and conformity. Clarisse, in contrast, gets under Montag's skin and elicits the strongest response, as we see in his conversation:

You're peculiar, you're aggravating, yet you're easy to forgive. 

The strongest evidence of Clarisse's impact on Montag comes later and through Bradbury's description. From this quote, we see the beginning of Montag's identity crisis which will alienate him from Mildred and Beatty and push him into rebellion with Faber: 

He felt his body divide itself into a hotness and a coldness, a softness and a hardness, a trembling and a not trembling, the two halves grinding one upon the other.  

How do the animals feel about the social order on the farm?

In George Orwell's novella Animal Farm, the animals have negative feelings about the social order in which they find themselves victimized; they are treated unfairly in life by human beings, and they don't like it.

Once the animals have run off the farmer, Mr. Jones, and established self-governance, they begin to feel hopeful. They find initial happiness in expressing their new government's central tenet—that all animals are equal.

Soon, however, two pigs named Napoleon and Snowball...

In George Orwell's novella Animal Farm, the animals have negative feelings about the social order in which they find themselves victimized; they are treated unfairly in life by human beings, and they don't like it.

Once the animals have run off the farmer, Mr. Jones, and established self-governance, they begin to feel hopeful. They find initial happiness in expressing their new government's central tenet—that all animals are equal.

Soon, however, two pigs named Napoleon and Snowball begin to campaign to be the new leader of the farm. Napoleon, being the more ambitious and power-hungry of the two, takes control via underhanded means and begins to abuse the other animals as much as Mr. Jones had done previously. The animals soon realize they have fallen into the same unfair social order from which they had initially sought to escape.

What is the role that the women play in Amongst Women?

In John McGahern's novel Amongst Women, the main character is a man, Michael Moran. But many of the story's other important characters are women: specifically Moran's second wife, Rose; and his daughters, Maggie, Mona, and Sheila.

So what role do these women play? They are Moran's family, and Amongst Women is a story about the complexities of familial relationships.

When the novel opens, Moran is an old man, and his grown daughters are taking...

In John McGahern's novel Amongst Women, the main character is a man, Michael Moran. But many of the story's other important characters are women: specifically Moran's second wife, Rose; and his daughters, Maggie, Mona, and Sheila.

So what role do these women play? They are Moran's family, and Amongst Women is a story about the complexities of familial relationships.

When the novel opens, Moran is an old man, and his grown daughters are taking care of him. Right off the bat, we see how the women in Moran's life are devoted to him. They have their own children and their own lives in Dublin and London, but they choose to be by their father's side instead, trying to cheer him up and make him feel better.

The daughters' loyalty to their father feels more remarkable as the story goes on and we realize what their family life has been like. Most of the story is told to us in flashbacks, as the characters look back to the past. Moran fought in the War of Independence and the Irish Civil War, and he is scarred by the experience (in addition to feeling nostalgic about it). After his return from the war, he is cruel and often violent to his wife and children. His oldest son, Luke, escapes his father's violence and never returns, only staying in communication via telegram. Moran's younger son, Michael, also fears his father and ultimately tries to get away from him, moving to London.

Moran's three daughters, on the other hand, remain close to their father despite his bad behavior. Like their stepmother, Rose, they quietly tolerate Moran's rage; even when they are older and living elsewhere, they return home frequently to see their father.

Amongst Women is, in part, about the difficulties of communication between generations of a family and about the conditions of loving someone. For Moran's sons, love for their father is conditional; for the women in the novel, it isn't. The women in the story are representations of patience, loyalty, and love, even though the object of their love doesn't necessarily deserve it.

What are the central themes of Birdy?

There are a lot of themes that run throughout Wharton's book.  

One central theme has to be about dreams versus reality.  Birdy creates his own birdlike existence as a way to escape his own abysmal reality.  To Birdy and Al, the real world is a place to be escaped from.  All of the places where the boys should be receiving love, guidance, and structure are places of harshness and cruelty.  In his dreamy bird...

There are a lot of themes that run throughout Wharton's book.  

One central theme has to be about dreams versus reality.  Birdy creates his own birdlike existence as a way to escape his own abysmal reality.  To Birdy and Al, the real world is a place to be escaped from.  All of the places where the boys should be receiving love, guidance, and structure are places of harshness and cruelty.  In his dreamy bird world, Birdy is able to escape from nuns, teachers, parents, and army commanders.  The theme of escapism could also be a central theme that coincides with the dream versus reality theme.  

A second central theme has to be friendship.  Readers are introduced to Birdy through Al.  As Al's memories become blurred with Birdy's memories, it is made clear to readers that their friendship is just about the only part of reality that either of them can stand.  Their friendship is a deep bond that is strengthened by their time suffering through similar situations.  

Love seems to be another central theme.  Although Birdy's love for Petra is a fantasy, his feelings for her are no less real.  Through his imaginary relationship with Petra, Birdy is able to experience the love and security that he longs for in real life.  The relationship becomes so real to Birdy that he has a physical reaction while dreaming that he and Petra are mating.  His love for her is deep enough that he experiences real tragedy and mourning when she dies.  

Finally, I think a fourth central theme has to be the horrors of war.  This book doesn't make any attempt to glorify war or violence.  Wharton doesn't shy away from graphic descriptions of the war, and he shows readers that war leaves men deeply scarred both physically and emotionally.  Readers are told that Al wants to get sent back to the United States on a "psycho discharge" because the things that he has seen have made him "scared of even being scared."   

What are some good quotes about Aunt Alexandra teaching Scout how to be a lady?

Aunt Alexandra is the typical Southern belle who enjoys socializing with her female neighbors, being involved in the community, and dressing like a presentable, delicate woman. In contrast, Scout is a tomboy who enjoys wearing overalls and playing outside with the boys. Aunt Alexandra views Scout with contempt and wishes to reform her appearance and behavior throughout the novel. Alexandra continually criticizes Scout for her unladylike behavior and attempts to turn Scout into a presentable young lady.

In chapter 9, the Finch family gets together to celebrate Christmas, and Scout elaborates on Aunt Alexandra's particular views concerning her appearance and behavior. Scout says,

"Aunt Alexandra was fanatical on the subject of my attire. I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn’t supposed to be doing things that required pants. Aunt Alexandra’s vision of my deportment involved playing with small stoves, tea sets, and wearing the Add-A-Pearl necklace she gave me when I was born; furthermore, I should be a ray of sunshine in my father’s lonely life. I suggested that one could be a ray of sunshine in pants just as well, but Aunty said that one had to behave like a sunbeam, that I was born good but had grown progressively worse every year" (Lee, 83).

Alexandra's comments regarding Scout's attire and the fact that she gave Scout a necklace demonstrates her attempts to reform Scout's lifestyle. Aunt Alexandra makes it clear to Scout that she needs to start behaving in a more ladylike fashion and stop acting like a tomboy.

In chapter 13, Aunt Alexandra moves into Atticus's home to watch the children and teach Scout how to become more ladylike. As soon as she enters Atticus's home, Alexandra comments on Scout's unrefined behavior by saying, "Jean Louise, stop scratching your head" (Lee, 128). Aunt Alexandra then tries to get Scout acclimated to the art of socializing. When several neighborhood ladies visit their home, Aunt Alexandra tells Scout, "Jean Louise, come speak to these ladies" (Lee, 133).

Aunt Alexandra also attempts to teach Scout and her brother about their rich family history. Alexandra values heredity and thinks that it is necessary to understand one's ancestry. After the visiting ladies leave the house, Aunt Alexandra shows Scout and Jem a book entitled Meditations of Joshua S. St. Clair. Alexandra proceeds to tell the children, "Your cousin wrote this . . . He was a beautiful character" (Lee, 133). After discovering that Scout and Jem have no idea about their family history, Aunt Alexandra petitions Atticus to educate his children on their ancestry. Atticus proceeds to tell his children,

"Your aunt has asked me to try and impress upon you and Jean Louise that you are not from run-of-the-mill people, that you are the product of several generations’ gentle breeding—" (Lee, 134).

In chapter 23, Scout mentions that Walter Cunningham Jr. should spend the night so that they can play together. However, Aunt Alexandra disapproves of Scout playing with any Cunningham child because the Cunninghams occupy a lower social class and there is a "drinking streak" in their family. Alexandra tells Scout,

"The thing is, you can scrub Walter Cunningham till he shines, you can put him in shoes and a new suit, but he’ll never be like Jem. Besides, there’s a drinking streak in that family a mile wide. Finch women aren’t interested in that sort of people" (Lee, 228).

Alexandra prefers Scout to interact with wealthier children from revered families and does not want her learning any bad habits. Alexandra's prejudiced views are also revealed when she elaborates on her reasoning for not allowing Scout to play with Walter Jr. When Scout asks why she cannot play with him, Alexandra responds,

"Because—he—is—trash, that’s why you can’t play with him. I’ll not have you around him,  picking up his habits and learning Lord-knows-what" (Lee, 228).

In chapter 24, Alexandra exposes Scout to how women socialize and properly behave by inviting her to the missionary circle. Scout is forced to wear a dress and says,

"Aunt Alexandra told me to join them for refreshments; it was not necessary that I attend the business part of the meeting, she said it’d bore me" (Lee, 231).

Despite Scout's initial trepidation, she finds the "world of women" fascinating. Scout's minor change in perspective indicates that she is gradually accepting her feminine side. Overall, Aunt Alexandra challenges Scout's lifestyle and attempts to change her into a well-mannered, polite young lady. By exposing her to constant criticism and experiences with properly-behaved women, Alexandra hopes to turn Scout into a Southern belle.