`y =x , y = 0 , y=4, x = 5` Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about the...

For the region bounded by `y=x`  ,`y=0`  , `y=4`  and` x=5`  and revolved about the line `x=5` , we may also apply the Shell method. we are to use two sets of vertical rectangular strips parallel to the line x=5 (axis of revolution). In this case, we need two sets of rectangular strip since the upper bound of the rectangular strip before and after x=4 differs. 

We follow the formula: `V = int_a^b 2pi` * radius*height*thickness

where:

radius (r)= distance of the rectangular strip to the axis of revolution

height (h) = length of the rectangular strip

thickness = width  of the rectangular strip  as `dx` or `dy` .

As shown on the attached file, both rectangular strip has:

`r=5-x`

`h= y_(above) - y_(below)`

thickness `=dx`

For the  rectangular strip representing the bounded region  from x=0 to x=4, we may let:

`h = x -0 = x`

For the  rectangular strip representing the bounded region  from `x=4` to `x=5` , we may let:

`h =4 -0 = 4 `

Plug-in the values correspondingly, we get:

`V = int_0^4 2pi*(5-x)(x) dx +2piint_4^5 (5-x)(4) dx`

or

`V =2pi int_0^4 (5-x)(x) dx +2piint_4^5 (5-x)(4) dx`

 For the first integral, we solve it as:

`2pi int_0^4 2pi*(5x-x^2) dx`

`= 2pi * [ 5x^2/2 -x^3/3]|_0^4`

`= 2pi * [ (5(4)^2/2 -(4)^3/3) - (5(0)^2/2 -(0)^3/3)]`

`= 2pi * [ (40 - 64/3) -(0- 0)]`

`= 2pi * [ 56/3]`

`= (112pi)/3`

 For the second integral, we solve it as:

`2pi int_4^5 2pi*(20-4x) dx`

`= 2pi * [ 20x -4x^2/2]|_4^5`

`= 2pi * [ 20x -2x^2]|_4^5`

`= 2pi * [ (20(5) -2(5)^2) - (20(4) -2(4)^2)]`

`= 2pi * [ (100 - 50) -(80-32)]`

`= 2pi * [ 50 -48]`

`= 2pi*[2]`

`=4pi`

Combing the two results, we get:

`V=(112pi)/3+4pi`

`V=(124pi)/3` or `129.85` ( approximated value).

 We will get the same result whether we use Disk Method or Shell Method for the given bounded region on this problem.

An object, initially at rest, is dropped off a building and accelerates to earth at -9.81m/s2. How long will it take for the object to reach a...

For an object falling under the gravity only, we can use the following equation of motion to solve this question:

v = u + at

here, u is the initial velocity of motion, v is the final velocity, a is the acceleration and t is time taken. Here, the initial velocity is zero (that is, u = 0 m/s), since the object was initially at rest. The object is falling down, under the influence of...

For an object falling under the gravity only, we can use the following equation of motion to solve this question:

v = u + at

here, u is the initial velocity of motion, v is the final velocity, a is the acceleration and t is time taken. Here, the initial velocity is zero (that is, u = 0 m/s), since the object was initially at rest. The object is falling down, under the influence of gravity and hence it's acceleration will be equal to the acceleration due to gravity (g), that is, a = -9.81 m/s^2 (negative sign d object falling down). The final velocity, v, is given as -49.1 m/s (negative sign d object falling down).

Thus, -49.1 = 0 + (-9.81)t

or, t = -49.1 / -9.8 = 5 seconds.

Thus, it will take the object 5 seconds to reach the velocity of -49.1 m/s.

Just a note, an object falling through the air will experience air resistance and will ultimately reach a terminal velocity. The object has to have a significant mass to reach the final velocity given in the question. Please see the attached link for more information on terminal velocity.

Hope this helps. 

`int_0^(pi/2) t^3cost dt` Use integration tables to evaluate the definite integral.

To evaluate the given integral problem: `int_0^(pi/2) t^3 cos(t)dt` , we may apply the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. It states that when continuous function `f` on closed interval `[a,b] ` and `F` as indefinite integral of `f` then `int_a^b f(x) dx = F(x)|_a^b` or `F(b)-F(a)` .

The given integrand is `f(t) =t^3 cos(t)dt` on closed interval `[0, pi/2]` . To determine the indefinite integral `F(t)` , we may consider the formula from integration table....

To evaluate the given integral problem: `int_0^(pi/2) t^3 cos(t)dt` , we may apply the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. It states that when continuous function `f` on closed interval `[a,b] ` and `F` as indefinite integral of `f` then `int_a^b f(x) dx = F(x)|_a^b` or `F(b)-F(a)` .

The given integrand is `f(t) =t^3 cos(t)dt` on closed interval `[0, pi/2]` . To determine the indefinite integral `F(t)` , we may consider the formula from integration table. The integral `int_0^(pi/2) t^3 cos(t)dt` resembles the formula:`int x^3 cos(ax) dx = ((3x^2)/a^2-6/a^4)cos(ax)+(x^3/a-(6x)/a^3)sin(ax)` .

By comparison, the corresponding values are: `x=t` and `a=1` . Applying the corresponding values on the formula, we get:

`int_0^(pi/2) t^3 cos(t)dt=[((3t^2)/1^2-6/1^4)cos(1*t)+(t^3/1-(6t)/1^3)sin(1*t)]|_0^(pi/2)`

`=[(3t^2-6)cos(t)+(t^3-6t)sin(t)]|_0^(pi/2)`

To solve for the definite integral, we may apply the  formula: `F(x)|_a^b = F(b)-F(a)` .

`[(3t^2-6)cos(t)+(t^3-6t)sin(t)]|_0^(pi/2)`

`=[(3(pi/2)^2-6)cos(pi/2 )+((pi/2)^3-6(pi/2))sin(pi/2 )]`

`-[(3(0)^2-6)cos(0)+((0)^3-6(0))sin(0)]`

`=[(3pi^2/4-6)*0+((pi^3/8-3pi))*1] -[(0-6)*1 +(0-0)*0 ]`

`=[0+pi^3/8-3pi] -[-6 +0 ]`

`=[pi^3/8-3pi] -[-6 ]`

`=pi^3/8-3pi+6` or `0.451` (approximated value)

What are some quotes showing Bilbo Baggins's character development?

In a sense, Gandalf perceives depth to Bilbo's character that other people do not see. It is as much the case that Bilbo's potential has been limited by circumstances and that his adventure with the dwarves gives him the opportunity to fully live up to and into the potential as that he somehow changes character. 

At the beginning of The Hobbit, Bilbo appears to be a somewhat conventional hobbit who has assimilated the values...

In a sense, Gandalf perceives depth to Bilbo's character that other people do not see. It is as much the case that Bilbo's potential has been limited by circumstances and that his adventure with the dwarves gives him the opportunity to fully live up to and into the potential as that he somehow changes character. 

At the beginning of The Hobbit, Bilbo appears to be a somewhat conventional hobbit who has assimilated the values of his community, albeit with some minor eccentricities which eventually are revealed as part of his actually heroic nature. He expresses this superficial conventionality in the following statement:

“We are plain quiet folk, and I have no use for adventures. Nasty, disturbing, and uncomfortable things.”

As Bilbo listens to the dwarves, something of his hidden nature begins to awaken:

As they sang the hobbit felt in love of beautiful things made by hands and by cunning and by magic moving through him, a fierce and a jealous love, the desire of the hearts of dwarves.

As Bilbo embarks on his adventure, despite complaints about food and weather, he gradually reveals a sort of quiet determination and bravery. One major turning point occurs when he kills a giant spider in Chapter Eight:

Somehow the killing of this giant spider, all alone by himself in the dark . . . made a great difference . . . He felt a different person, and much fiercer and bolder in spite of an empty stomach, as he wiped his sword on the grass.

In Chapter Sixteen, Bilbo has done the moral and courageous act of bringing the Arkenstone to Bard. His transformation into a true hero is highlighted by the following statement of the Elvenking:

"Bilbo Baggins!" he said. "You are more worthy to wear the armour of elf-princes than many that have looked more comely in it. But I wonder if Thorin Oakenshield will see it so. . . . I advise you to remain with us, and here you shall be honoured and thrice welcome."

How do a barn owl's hunting habits help it to survive?

A barn owl typically preys on small mammals such as field voles, common shrews, wood mice, etc. The barn owl is highly adapted to hunt these mammals and is a very effective predator.

The barn owl is capable of flying very slowly and hovering, giving itself ample time to find its prey. It has the most sensitive hearing out of all the animals tested and has asymmetrically placed ears that help it determine the exact location...

A barn owl typically preys on small mammals such as field voles, common shrews, wood mice, etc. The barn owl is highly adapted to hunt these mammals and is a very effective predator.

The barn owl is capable of flying very slowly and hovering, giving itself ample time to find its prey. It has the most sensitive hearing out of all the animals tested and has asymmetrically placed ears that help it determine the exact location of its prey. 

It generally hunts at dusk and dawn and determines the location of its prey by sound only. It typically hovers over the location before pouncing on its prey. When it gets ready to strike, it starts with a head-first dive and then pulls back the head to use its outstretched talons to grab its prey. Given these physiological adaptations, the barn owl is very successful at hunting its favored prey.

During the winter season, the barn owl hunts by dropping down from a perch, thus saving the crucial energy that would have (otherwise) been used in movement and also for keeping the body warm during the cold flight. 

Thus, hunting habits and physiological adaptations (such as hearing, wings, etc.) enable the barn owl to survive by hunting successfully.

Hope this helps.

What is the difference between compound, element, and mixture?

An element is the simplest substance, one which cannot be broken down into smaller parts through typical physical or chemical approaches. Elements can be found in the periodic table, which organizes and lists them out according to their properties, such as mass. Elements consist only of atoms or molecules (in other words, two or more atoms of the same or different elements that have been bound together chemically) of identical chemical properties. 

Compounds are atoms...

An element is the simplest substance, one which cannot be broken down into smaller parts through typical physical or chemical approaches. Elements can be found in the periodic table, which organizes and lists them out according to their properties, such as mass. Elements consist only of atoms or molecules (in other words, two or more atoms of the same or different elements that have been bound together chemically) of identical chemical properties. 

Compounds are atoms of two or more different elements which have bonded together and which can be broken down into elements via chemical means.

Mixtures are a combination of different elements and/or compounds. For example, when we add salt to water, we are making a mixture; new molecules are not produced as a result of this. Instead, they mix together while keeping their own identities intact. 

What would be a good thesis statement for "The Lottery"?

One thesis statement for "The Lottery" could be a declarative sentence about the atavistic propensity for violence that still lies in the nature of man, along with a blind adherence to tradition, an adherence that Emerson termed "the opium of custom."

That there is yet a proclivity for violence in the boys is evinced in their excited gathering of stones and placing of certain ones into their pockets in the exposition of the story. Bobby Jones,...

One thesis statement for "The Lottery" could be a declarative sentence about the atavistic propensity for violence that still lies in the nature of man, along with a blind adherence to tradition, an adherence that Emerson termed "the opium of custom."

That there is yet a proclivity for violence in the boys is evinced in their excited gathering of stones and placing of certain ones into their pockets in the exposition of the story. Bobby Jones, Harry Jones, and Dickie Delacroix make a massive pile of rocks and guard it against raiders so that they will have them available when they need more during the stoning. The fathers, who stand around quietly talking and joking, make no comment to the boys about their actions.

When Tessie Hutchinson's name is called, no one expresses any sympathy or tries to have her excused from the proceedings. Instead, the woman who has just finished a friendly conversation with Tessie, Mrs. Delacroix, now tells her to "be a good sport, Tessie." Another woman, Mrs. Graves—the wife of the postmaster, who helps with the procedure—says unsympathetically, "All of us took the same chance. Even Tessie's husband scolds her, "shut up." This complicit behavior of the community with the proceedings of the lottery suggests that no one empathizes with Tessie, nor does anyone demonstrate sympathy for her plight and protest the violent death Tessie faces. Moreover, when the stoning begins, Mrs. Delacroix, who has been friendly with Tessie, has a stone "so large she had to pick it up with both hands." She turns to another woman, saying, "Come on. . . . Hurry up," apparently eager to inflict violence on her neighbor.

Please summarize Chapter 4 (diplomacy and war) of the book The Jesuit Relations by Allan Greer.

The original collection of The Jesuit Relations consists of 73 books and can be difficult to access for readers who don't have the time to tackle such a large volume of literature. Allan Greer focuses on 35 documents from the original sources and helps make them more accessible with explanations and background information in The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America.

Chapter four of Greer's The Jesuit Relationsis called "Diplomacy...

The original collection of The Jesuit Relations consists of 73 books and can be difficult to access for readers who don't have the time to tackle such a large volume of literature. Allan Greer focuses on 35 documents from the original sources and helps make them more accessible with explanations and background information in The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America.

Chapter four of Greer's The Jesuit Relations is called "Diplomacy and War." Greer sets the scene by saying:

The Jesuit missions of New France were conducted throughout the seventeenth century in an atmosphere of tension, war, and shifting alliances involving the French and the various native nations. Accordingly, the Relations are packed with news of war and peace—daring raids, hopeful negotiations, surprise ambushes, captivity, torture, and redemption—all recounted in the style of romantic adventure with an overlay of pious sentiments. In some cases, armed conflict pitted Christian forces (French and/or native converts) against "infidels" (usually Iroquois), allowing the Jesuit chroniclers to adopt the rhetoric of crusader narratives. What makes the Relations uniquely valuable sources on Indian war and diplomacy is the richness of detail, the anecdotes of battlefield adventures, the captivity stories, and the verbatim accounts of diplomatic speeches. These are not the usual colonialist accounts of brave Europeans fighting and subduing faceless "savages," but rather stories in which the natives themselves feature centrally. (94)

In short, chapter four focuses on the Jesuit missionaries' relations with the native Indian tribes in America. Greer discusses the peace negotiations at Three Rivers in 1645 through Father Barthélémy Vimont's writings about his meeting with Mohawk emissaries, where he describes the primary emissary as eloquent and well-spoken. Next, Greer focuses on the Iroquois attacks on the Algonquins, the result of a continuing war between the two. Jérôme Lalemant describes the trials of the people who were attacked and taken hostage—including the story of a woman who kills a warrior and escapes from her captors. Finally, Greer addresses how the Huron nations fell to population loss, new divisions created by religious conversion, and attacks by the Iroquois. Many Hurons integrated into the Iroquois nation, though a few went to other tribes or went with the Jesuits to Quebec City.

What is the significance of Candy and his dog throughout the story?

Candy's relationship with his dog is significant to the novella because it mirrors and foreshadows George and Lennie's relationship.Both Candy and his dog are old and have outlived their use on the ranch. Carlson urges Candy to put his dog down, but Candy continually puts it off until Carlson eventually kills the dog. When Candy's dog dies, he is emotionally wounded. Similar to Candy's loyal but useless dog who is eventually shot, Lennie blindly...

Candy's relationship with his dog is significant to the novella because it mirrors and foreshadows George and Lennie's relationship. Both Candy and his dog are old and have outlived their use on the ranch. Carlson urges Candy to put his dog down, but Candy continually puts it off until Carlson eventually kills the dog. When Candy's dog dies, he is emotionally wounded. Similar to Candy's loyal but useless dog who is eventually shot, Lennie blindly follows George and has been his longtime friend. Unfortunately, Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife, and George is forced to shoot his best friend to spare him from the brutal lynch mob. Candy and his dog's relationship also illuminates two significant themes throughout the novella. Steinbeck examines how only the strong and vibrant survive in harsh environments, and portrays how personal relationships are important to maintain.  

Why does Cico trust Tony with the story of the golden carp?

Cico trusts Tony because of a feeling he has; he instinctively senses that Tony is someone who will be receptive to new spiritual experiences. In Chapter 11, when Tony demands to know why Cico trusts him with the story of the golden carp, Cico contends that there are no rules on who he can choose to trust with the story. He merely trusts those he knows will understand and appreciate the significance of what he's telling them.

Later in the chapter, after Tony catches a glimpse of the magnificent golden carp (it is bigger than Tony himself), Cico maintains that only those who believe can see the carp. In fact, Cico asserts that many fishermen who fish at the pond can't see the carp themselves. The implication is that these fishermen aren't receptive to things they can't understand. Upon hearing Cico's words, Tony feels as if he belongs to a group of very special people.

Cico also tells Tony that the carp will eventually swim to the Hidden Lakes in the hills; the lakes are rumored to have no bottom. Cico also warns Tony against going to the Hidden Lakes alone. Accordingly, a shepherd had once been lost at the lakes, and the rumor is that a strange magic permeates the lake area.

Cico also acquaints Tony with the prophecy of the golden carp. According to Cico, the golden carp will come to rule the world after all the sinners are drowned. The golden carp has apparently proclaimed that, if the people continue in their sins, the whole town will collapse and be swallowed up by the waters of the lake. For his part, Tony feels ambivalent about the prophecy. While he thinks that the prophecy sounds plausible, he wonders how anyone can avoid sinning, especially since Cico assures him that "all men sin."

However, Tony never displays any sort of outward skepticism about the prophecy or the golden carp; this is probably the main reason that Cico trusts him with the story.

What did Meg from Little Women wear most of the time?

At the beginning of the book, Meg wears old clothes, but she dreams of the old days, when her family was wealthier and she could wear nicer clothes. Though Meg has to wear poplin to balls, she dreams of wearing silk, and she is very careful to wear gloves. When she attends the ball at Laurie's house, she wears silvery drab with a blue velvet snood trimmed with lace and a pearl pin. While she...

At the beginning of the book, Meg wears old clothes, but she dreams of the old days, when her family was wealthier and she could wear nicer clothes. Though Meg has to wear poplin to balls, she dreams of wearing silk, and she is very careful to wear gloves. When she attends the ball at Laurie's house, she wears silvery drab with a blue velvet snood trimmed with lace and a pearl pin. While she wears thin, drab, old dresses, she dreams of luxury, and she is finally able to dress in finery when she is at the Moffats' house. The girls who are attending parties at the Moffats' house dress Meg up and crimp her hair and put powder on her arms. Laurie, who sees her at the party, calls her foolish, and she realizes the error of her ways. Her mother tells her that while it is nice to be rich, it is better to be loved. After that time, Meg dedicates herself to simplicity, and she is married to John in a simple dress that enhances her natural beauty, and she eschews silk, lace, and flowers. 

What is the relationship between Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible and colonialism texts such as Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness?

The Poisonwood Bible has much in common with such critiques of colonialism, but it also moves beyond them, incorporating some realities from the postcolonial age. 

This is partly because it is based on the author's own experience. As she says in her Author's Note, 

I was the fortunate child of medical and public-health workers, whose compassion and curiosity led them to the Congo. They brought me to a place of wonders, taught me to pay attention, and set me early on a path of exploring the great, shifting territory between righteousness and what's right.

The Poisonwood Bible was exhaustively researched. In addition to travel and personal interviews, the author drew on many fiction and nonfiction works about colonial and postcolonial Africa, including Things Fall Apart. Her novel comes with a bibliography. It builds on the colonialism texts.

What The Poisonwood Bible has in common with the two novels you mention is that it is a critique of colonialism that nevertheless recognizes complexity. In all three novels, the colonized culture is not portrayed as perfect, but at the same time the destructiveness of colonialism is clearly seen. Another theme in all three novels is the sheer volume of cultural knowledge required to even begin to interact with an African culture, and how the outsiders coming in can't help but spend their days in mistaken assumptions, misunderstanding, and confusion. In Heart of Darkness, this confusion is portrayed from the colonizer's point of view. In Things Fall Apart, it is shown from the point of view of the local people. In The Poisonwood Bible, we start out with the outsider's perspective, but we slowly gain more of an insider perspective as the Price girls learn more about the culture. And ultimately Leah moves into a dual insider/outsider perspective as she crosses cultures, marries Anatole, has his children, and raises her family in Zaire.

This crossing of cultures is the main thing that sets The Poisonwood Bible apart from the other two books. Leah Price makes a serious effort to "go native." Her experience shows the degree to which culture-crossing is possible, as well as the degree to which it is not possible. And through her thoughts, we get to see quite a bit of her motivations for choosing to live as she does.

Basically, in Leah we have a character which is very rare in colonial times but very common in postcolonial times: a repentant colonialist. She comes to Africa believing every word her father says, and wanting to help him "bend Africa to his will" and do "God's will" in the Congo. During the year the family spends there, her eyes are opened both to the beauty and intricacy of the local culture, and the huge flaws in her father's character. She is still strongly motivated to do right, but now she identifies with the Congo and wants to do right by the people of Kilanga, especially Anatole. Her transformation coincides with the revolution in the Congo.

With her perceptiveness and her conflicted feelings, Leah brings us a postcolonial phenomenon: White guilt. In one scene, she beats herself up for the complete drag that her family has been on the village. Anatole replies,

"Don't try to make life a mathematics problem with yourself in the center and everything coming out equal.  ... No, you shouldn't [have come here]. But you are here, so yes, you should be here. There are more words in the world than no and yes."

Leah, confronting for the first time the damage that her family and her race are doing, flips from thinking she is the hero to thinking that she is the villain. Anatole tries to help her see that life is more complex than that. This is a lesson we could all stand to learn.

Though Leah crosses cultures, she never completely gets over white guilt. She continues to feel responsible for the behavior of America and for how she is perceived. She continues to take very personally the frustrating ups and downs of sociopolitical life in Zaire. In a sense, she spends her life trying to atone for being white.

This full-blown case of white guilt (rather than just having a few doubts) is both a major theme in The Poisonwood Bible, and a modern/postcolonial rather than a colonial phenomenon. It is also a theme that appears in some of Barbara Kingsolver's other books.

Decide which you feel is more responsible for the gruesome events of the play, the witch's supernatural powers, or Macbeth's pre-existing evil...

At first glance, it seems that Macbeth is responsible for the gruesome events of the play. As soon as he receives the prophecies from the witches, for instance, his mind immediately begins to think about killing Duncan. Compare this with Banquo's reaction to the prophecies. When Banquo receives the news that his sons will be kings, he is rather skeptical and actually wonders if he and Macbeth have eaten a certain "root" which has produced...

At first glance, it seems that Macbeth is responsible for the gruesome events of the play. As soon as he receives the prophecies from the witches, for instance, his mind immediately begins to think about killing Duncan. Compare this with Banquo's reaction to the prophecies. When Banquo receives the news that his sons will be kings, he is rather skeptical and actually wonders if he and Macbeth have eaten a certain "root" which has produced hallucinations. The point here is that Banquo does not react with murderous or sinister thoughts, suggesting that he lacks the evil found in Macbeth.

Looking at Act III, Scene V, however, Shakespeare is suggesting that Macbeth has been bewitched by Hecate, who has deliberately misled him and intends to do so again.

On balance, then, it could be argued that Macbeth has been influenced by the witches, but that he already possessed some propensity to evil, making the result even more dramatic and violent.

What is the Washington Post article "Fake news? That’s a very old story" about?

This article was written by Robert Parkinson, a historian of the American revolutionary era. Basically, it highlights the systematic attempts on the part of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and many printers to influence American public opinion through spreading false information. This story was published in the context of the spread of "fake news" during the 2016 election, especially via Facebook. But Parkinson's point, which is essentially the argument of his recent book The Common Cause:...

This article was written by Robert Parkinson, a historian of the American revolutionary era. Basically, it highlights the systematic attempts on the part of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and many printers to influence American public opinion through spreading false information. This story was published in the context of the spread of "fake news" during the 2016 election, especially via Facebook. But Parkinson's point, which is essentially the argument of his recent book The Common Cause: Creating Race and Nation in the American Revolution, has to do with the content of the "fake news" Franklin and his colleagues spread through American newspapers. They sought to mobilize support for the revolution by highlighting supposed massacres by Native Americans. These alleged massacres, it was reported, were encouraged and abetted by the British. By mobilizing anti-Indian sentiment, the revolutionaries created a group of people who were defined as enemies of the new United States. This encouraged violence against Native peoples. (He makes the same point about enslaved people and African Americans in general in his book.) He points out that today's fake news is, like that in the past, "about stirring up fear and passions" and about "who belongs to the republic and who does not." More broadly, he shows that throughout history, demonizing entire groups of people in the media has had terrible consequences.

How is memory shown?

The theme of memory in Tears, Idle Tears by Tennyson is shown as both beautiful and painful. 

The speaker contemplates his life and thinks about past days, the "days that are no more," which were beautiful and full of passion but now have passed. Even the happiest moments are temporary and must end, leaving only memories behind. For this reason, they are truly beautiful but also tinged with sadness and melancholy, as the speaker knows...

The theme of memory in Tears, Idle Tears by Tennyson is shown as both beautiful and painful. 

The speaker contemplates his life and thinks about past days, the "days that are no more," which were beautiful and full of passion but now have passed. Even the happiest moments are temporary and must end, leaving only memories behind. For this reason, they are truly beautiful but also tinged with sadness and melancholy, as the speaker knows it will be impossible to relive these experiences. These past times and memories only live on in our minds as time goes by, causing "tears, idle tears" when they are remembered. 

This poem focuses on the theme of the passing of time and the consequent realization that everything must end in death, especially our own lives. It is this poignant realization however that pushes us to create beautiful things and truly appreciate life, as we know that we will not get the chance to relive certain experiences.

On what page in 1984 can I find the quote about the chocolate rations being "raised" even though they were being reduced?

A page number can change based on the edition you are using, but the quote appears in part I, chapter 4 of the text. In my Signet edition, it is on page 36 and reads as follows:

As short a time ago as February, the Ministry of Plenty had issued a promise (a "categorical pledge" were the official words) that there would be no reduction of the chocolate ration during 1984. Actually, as Winston was...

A page number can change based on the edition you are using, but the quote appears in part I, chapter 4 of the text. In my Signet edition, it is on page 36 and reads as follows:

As short a time ago as February, the Ministry of Plenty had issued a promise (a "categorical pledge" were the official words) that there would be no reduction of the chocolate ration during 1984. Actually, as Winston was aware, the chocolate ration was to be reduced from thirty grammes to twenty at the end of the present week. All that was needed was to substitute for the original promise a warning that it would probably be necessary to reduce the ration at some time in April.

Winston is one of the people whose job it is to make the changes in the historical record that make it appear as if the government never lies or contradicts itself. He will go back and change the government pledge not to reduce the chocolate ration so that it matches the current reality of a reduction in the chocolate ration. By having people like Winston constantly rewriting history, the Party ensures that truth becomes hopelessly obscured. It then becomes ever easier for the Party to assert that the truth is whatever the Party claims it to be. Meanwhile, people like Winston are expected to engage in "doublethink," which involves both changing the historic record and immediately forgetting that they ever did so. 

However, Winston commits "thought crime": he does not forget. In chapter 5, Winston notes:

It appeared that there had even been demonstrations to thank Big Brother for raising the chocolate ration to twenty grammes a week. And only yesterday, he reflected, it had been announced that the ration was to be REDUCED to twenty grammes a week.

Winston would be acutely aware of all these contradictions as he was the one who just changed facts on the chocolate ration to make the reduction (now posited as an increase) seem consistent with past pronouncements. If you're confused, that's the point: the government in Oceania never wants people to know what is really going on.

Othello describes himself as "one who loved not wisely, but too well." How well do you understand Othello's behavior at the end of the play? Is...

At the end of the play, Othello smothers Desdemona because he thinks she is unfaithful. Iago has successfully manipulated him into believing that Desdemona and Cassio were having an affair. When Othello realizes Desdemona was innocent, he commits suicide.

While Othello is no longer a hero in my eyes after he kills his wife, I do have sympathy for him. He lived in a society run by an honor code, in which it was expected...

At the end of the play, Othello smothers Desdemona because he thinks she is unfaithful. Iago has successfully manipulated him into believing that Desdemona and Cassio were having an affair. When Othello realizes Desdemona was innocent, he commits suicide.

While Othello is no longer a hero in my eyes after he kills his wife, I do have sympathy for him. He lived in a society run by an honor code, in which it was expected a man would avenge perceived wrongdoing (such as adultery) with violence; on top of that, Othello was insecure from the start about his ability truly to attract the love of Desdemona. He was a middle-aged black soldier and had to convince others he had won Desdemona's heart honestly, not through magic. He trusted an evil man, Iago, who manipulated him by playing on his weak spot. He lived in a patriarchal culture in which men often relied upon other men more than women, and Iago constantly suggested to him that all women are unfaithful. 

All of the above, however, are explanations and not excuses. Othello acted too rashly; he acted out of his own insecurity and wounded heart, thinking of his own pain more than his wife. Even if it had turned out that Desdemona had been unfaithful, killing her would have been excessive. It is not heroic to murder a defenseless, weaker woman.

Some critics, such as Rene Girard, contend that Shakespeare critiques the honor (or revenge) code throughout his plays, and I agree. 

As a teacher, I'm being evaluated and I'm looking for a short but challenging text for students to practice close reading skills. I'm trying to do...

There are several texts that spring to mind, but I'm wondering about grade level, what you mean by "annotate," or what your administrators would consider appropriate. I'm assuming that you want the whole thing, reading and annotation, to take 5-8 minutes, so you're looking for something quite short, a page or even a paragraph or two, and I'm assuming that by "annotate" you mean basic skills like "circle the parts you don't understand" or "underline...

There are several texts that spring to mind, but I'm wondering about grade level, what you mean by "annotate," or what your administrators would consider appropriate. I'm assuming that you want the whole thing, reading and annotation, to take 5-8 minutes, so you're looking for something quite short, a page or even a paragraph or two, and I'm assuming that by "annotate" you mean basic skills like "circle the parts you don't understand" or "underline the words that convey the feeling of sadness," etc.

There is "The Colonel" by Carolyn Forche, which is a powerful piece that also is great for teaching tone and the use of telling detail (there is one expletive). Also good is Bob Hass's "A Story About the Body" which poses an interesting question about bodies and sexuality and ends with an amazing image that will provoke discussion. Both of these I've used in my 12th grade classroom, and both have an edge that kids like -- they are short and challenging. Another place I go for things like this is the Letters of Note website. Personal letters can be quirky and fun to read--and sometimes heartbreaking. One I like to do that's on the site is Amelia Earheart's letter to her fiance, which is the most reluctant acceptance of a marriage proposal ever. The letter raises all sorts of questions about Earheart, her relationship with her fiance, and her sense of how her professional aspirations were in conflict with what she thought men expected of her. There are a million great things on that site.

If the reading part can be a little longer, you might consider one of the shorter Bradbury stories (popular is "All Summer in a Day") or Grace Stone Coates's "Wild Plums," both stories about kids and growing up. Those are also good read-aloud stories, so perhaps the annotating and reading aloud could go together. Those stories are good for almost any high school grade level. 

Another thing you could consider is (if you are bold) having them annotate each other's writing. Give them a prompt, tell them to be as concrete and detailed as possible, and let them free write for a while, then switch papers and annotate. 

Good luck!

Contrast the role of the lady in Lay of the Were-Wolf with a female character in Beowulf.

In Lay of the Were-Wolf, the lady plays two roles: that of supportive wife and villainess. In Beowulf, Grendel's mother also plays two roles. Besides being the chief villainess, she is also a grieving mother, a maternal figure who seeks revenge for her son's death.

The chief contrast between the two female characters lies in the difference between their individual villainess roles. Even though the lady in Lay of the Were-Wolf is the...

In Lay of the Were-Wolf, the lady plays two roles: that of supportive wife and villainess. In Beowulf, Grendel's mother also plays two roles. Besides being the chief villainess, she is also a grieving mother, a maternal figure who seeks revenge for her son's death.

The chief contrast between the two female characters lies in the difference between their individual villainess roles. Even though the lady in Lay of the Were-Wolf is the chief female villain in the story, she is never characterized as a monstrous anomaly. Grendel's mother, however, is characterized as a cursed descendant of Cain. She must live on the fringes of civilization, away from refined society. Additionally, she is portrayed as a hideous, masculine creature who delights in bloody rampages against noble knights.

Grendel's mother is so spectacularly degenerate and malevolent that Beowulf cannot destroy her with his sword, Hrunting. Instead, he must use a magical sword to kill her. 

In contrast, the lady in Lay of the Were-Wolf (although also a villainess) enjoys a high status due to her connection with the baron and then the knight. She doesn't betray Bisclavaret out of revenge but out of fear for her own safety. In contrast, Grendel's mother attacks King Hrothgar's knights to avenge the death of her son.

While Grendel's mother outwardly challenges the bravest knights in battle, the lady in Lay of the Were-Wolf is not confrontational at all. She may be a villain, but her villainy is practiced through equivocation and subtle acts of treachery. She doesn't reveal the extent of her betrayal until she is subjected to torture on the king's orders.

So, the contrast between the role of Grendel's mother and the lady in Lay of the Were-Wolf is evident: both are the chief antagonists of their respective stories, but both are portrayed differently in that role. While the lady of Lay of the Were-Wolf retains her privileged position in society, Grendel's mother is portrayed as a marginalized monster with unorthodox attributes.

How are the negative effects of discrimination communicated within the film Rabbit-Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce? Which film techniques and...

In this film, Molly and Daisy, two "half-caste" girls of half Aboriginal origin, are forcibly taken from their home along the rabbit-proof fence and transported to a reeducation center in the south.

The film shows the negative effects of discrimination in a number of ways. First, setting the film in 1931 allows Noyce to show the unconscious racism of Neville. He unquestioningly assumes that the white "race" is superior to the Aborigines. His assumption—...

In this film, Molly and Daisy, two "half-caste" girls of half Aboriginal origin, are forcibly taken from their home along the rabbit-proof fence and transported to a reeducation center in the south.

The film shows the negative effects of discrimination in a number of ways. First, setting the film in 1931 allows Noyce to show the unconscious racism of Neville. He unquestioningly assumes that the white "race" is superior to the Aborigines. His assumption—that assimilating to white culture, even if it means ending up a servant in a white home, is better than being Aboriginal—is jarring to modern audiences who know better. He does not need to be a monster for an audience to resist him. In fact, we focus more on hating his racist ideology than hating him because we know it is the ideology that is evil, not the person. 

Furthermore, the film shows Molly and Daisy being wrested from their mother's arms to be taken away. The film thus shows that these are not children who need to be saved from a neglectful or abusive home, but children who are stolen from their families simply because of their race. We see in dramatic form that this practice is traumatic and not helpful.

The reeducation center is essentially an orphanage, where the school attempts to brainwash the girls into accepting the superiority of white culture, and the girls have to endure being told they have no mother. A powerful film technique is used when the Australian nature that the girls encounter as they escape the reeducation center and follow the fence back home is depicted as enchanting and beautiful, in contrast to the rigid, austere school. People help the girls, reinforcing the idea that the discrimination to which they have been subjected is unnatural.

Noyce is not heavy-handed in portraying racism, showing Neville, for example, as clueless rather than evil. Meanwhile, he makes the girls, especially Molly, strong and appealing characters who are easy to side with. Through them, the film shows there is nothing inferior about Aborigines and that the racist desire to change them is wrong. Once we get to know the girls, we learn that Aborigines are fully human.

What are some important quotes from Hunger by Roxane Gay?

Fat shaming is real, constant, and rather pointed . . . It’s a strange civic-minded cruelty.

In the above quote, Gay describes her problem with fat-shaming. She argues that well-meaning people often fail to realize how hurtful their comments can be. Gay contends that fat-shaming comments often make her angry, rather than ashamed.

She writes that well-meaning medical professionals, family members, and friends often assume that morbidly obese people are intellectually detached from their physical conditions....

Fat shaming is real, constant, and rather pointed . . . It’s a strange civic-minded cruelty.

In the above quote, Gay describes her problem with fat-shaming. She argues that well-meaning people often fail to realize how hurtful their comments can be. Gay contends that fat-shaming comments often make her angry, rather than ashamed.

She writes that well-meaning medical professionals, family members, and friends often assume that morbidly obese people are intellectually detached from their physical conditions. Gay argues that this couldn't be further from the truth: she is reminded of her obesity every time she enters a restaurant, books a seat on a plane, or attends an event that does not accommodate morbidly obese people. Gay asserts that fat-shaming is "civic-minded cruelty" because it fails to take into consideration the motivating factors that led to someone's weight gain.

I don't know how things got so out of control, or I do. 

In some ways, the above quote appears to be a contradictory one. However, its succinctness is misleading: far more than a trite justification for gluttony (as some assume), it is an accurate portrayal of Gay's continuing struggle for acceptance in a weight-conscious society. The text tells us that Gay was gang-raped at age twelve, an experience that so darkened her outlook on life that she resorted to binge eating. Effectively, Gay depended on food to comfort herself. 

She concentrated her efforts on making herself bigger in order to appear less attractive to men. This was the only way Gay felt that she could keep herself safe. The quote highlights the challenges obese women must face in order to begin to heal from difficult experiences.

I know that hunger is in the mind and the body and the heart and the soul.

In this quote, Gay makes the point that hunger is more than a superficial inclination to satisfy a bodily demand. All of us hunger in more ways than one: we hunger for love, intimacy, and relevance. Our emotional desire to be accepted often rivals our physical hunger for food. Gay contends that her body both shames and protects her: this conflict regarding her body makes the journey into healing a difficult one. As a rape survivor, Gay understands that her past should not define her self-worth. Yet, the past continues to be a very "heavy burden." It fuels her obsession with doing or saying the right things in order to retain love.

What are conflicts in "Through the Tunnel" by Doris Lessing?

In this coming-of-age short story entitled "Through the Tunnel," there are internal and external conflicts in the main character named Jerry, and there are internal conflicts in his mother.

An English eleven-year-old and his mother are on holiday at what is probably Southern Rhodesia in South Africa, a British colony (now Zimbabwe), a spot where the author Doris Lessing vacationed in her youth. A widow, Jerry's mother worries that she is too protective. So, when...

In this coming-of-age short story entitled "Through the Tunnel," there are internal and external conflicts in the main character named Jerry, and there are internal conflicts in his mother.

An English eleven-year-old and his mother are on holiday at what is probably Southern Rhodesia in South Africa, a British colony (now Zimbabwe), a spot where the author Doris Lessing vacationed in her youth. A widow, Jerry's mother worries that she is too protective. So, when her son indicates that he wishes to explore the rocks at another location from their "usual beach," she ponders his request with some inner conflict: 

Of course, he's old enough to be safe without me. Have I been keeping him too close? He mustn't feel he ought to be with me. I must be careful.

Jerry's mother allows him to go, but she worries as she walks to the usual beach alone. After some time, Jerry returns to the villa to wait for his mother. When she enters, a "pant[ing], defiant, and beseeching" Jerry blurts out, "I want some swimming goggles." His mother, however, has seemingly resolved her inner conflict because she responds "casually." Agreeing to purchase the goggles, she says to Jerry, "Well, of course, darling." Then when he "nag[s] and pester[s]" her until she takes him to a shop, his mother does not question Jerry about what he is going to do, thus treating him as a mature youth. Finally, when Jerry succeeds one day in swimming through the opening in the great rocks, his mother greets him with a smile and asks casually, "Have a nice morning?" However, when she observes Jerry's bruised head and his eyes that are "glazed-looking," she becomes rather anxious. Nevertheless, Jerry's mother calms herself, "Oh, don't fuss! Nothing can happen. He can swim like a fish." Clearly, Jerry's mother has resolved to treat Jerry as an older child who has some maturity.

Jerry's character is more complex than that of his mother's as he undergoes both internal and external conflicts. At first, he just wants to swim with the older boys, but because he cannot dive down and swim through the rocks as they do, they reject him. This rejection brings about Jerry's inner conflict of wishing to prove that he is no longer a child. He struggles and practices holding his breath longer and longer until he can stay underwater for the time required to make passage through the rocks. When he finally succeeds at passing through the tunnel, Jerry resolves his conflict as he completes his rite of passage to young adulthood. He also brings to an end his external conflict of rejection by the other boys. This resolution is evinced as Jerry succeeds in doing what they can do. Also, Jerry no longer needs their acceptance. For when he sees the other boys "diving and playing a half mile away," he is not interested in swimming over to them. "He did not want them. He wanted nothing but to get back home and lie down." Back at the villa, Jerry proudly tells his mother that he can hold his breath for almost three minutes. "And [I]t was no longer of the least importance to go to the bay."

Ashlee repairs DVD players. She charges $25 To inspect the problem and $20/h to repair the device.a) write an equation to model this relation.b)...

 a) Denote the number of hours it takes Ashlee to repair a DVD by h. Then, the amount of money M Ashlee would charge to repair a DVD, in dollars would be 

M = 25 + 20h 

($25 to inspect and $20 per hour to repair)

b) A sample table of values would be

h    M

1    45

2     65

3     85

4    105

c) The graph...

 a) Denote the number of hours it takes Ashlee to repair a DVD by h. Then, the amount of money M Ashlee would charge to repair a DVD, in dollars would be 

M = 25 + 20h 

($25 to inspect and $20 per hour to repair)

b) A sample table of values would be

h    M

1    45

2     65

3     85

4    105

c) The graph of M = 25 + 20h is shown below. 

 d) If Ashlee charged $55 to repair a DVD, it means M = 55. The horizontal line with the equation M = 55 crosses the graph of the relation at the point with the coordinates (1.5, 55). This means it took Ashlee 1.5 hours to repair the DVD. This could be checked algebraically by plugging in h = 1.5: 

25 + 20*1.5 = 55. For 

For h = 1.5, M = 55.

e) If it took Ashlee 4.5 hours to repair a DVD player, then h = 4.5. The vertical line with the equation h = 1.5 will cross the graph of the relation at the point with the coordinates (4.5, 115). Ashlee would charge $115 to repair this DVD:

for h = 4.5, M = 25 + 20*4.5 = 115.

Why does the ghost fall ill?

The answer depends upon your definition of "ill." In the story, the author describes the ghost as having fallen "ill" on two occasions.

The first occasion happens after the ghost tries to put on his customary suit of mail. Apparently, he hasn't worn it in a long time, and he has forgotten how thoroughly heavy and unwieldy it is. The result is that he becomes "completely overpowered by the weight of the huge breastplate and...

The answer depends upon your definition of "ill." In the story, the author describes the ghost as having fallen "ill" on two occasions.

The first occasion happens after the ghost tries to put on his customary suit of mail. Apparently, he hasn't worn it in a long time, and he has forgotten how thoroughly heavy and unwieldy it is. The result is that he becomes "completely overpowered by the weight of the huge breastplate and steel casque" and ends up scraping his knees horribly and "bruising the knuckles of his right hand."

The author relates that "For some days after this he (the ghost) was extremely ill, and hardly stirred out of his room at all, except to keep the blood-stain in proper repair." So, the ghost becomes indisposed after he injures himself while trying to put on the suit of mail.

The second occasion happens when the ghost tries to frighten the Otis family with his "Headless Earl" disguise. He hasn't worn the disguise in seventy years and thinks that he can do a tolerable job in frightening the Otis children with it. At the appointed time, the ghost rigs himself up in his outfit (complete with big leather riding-boots and a pistol) and makes his way to the twins' room.

When he gets to the room, he finds the door ajar. As he swings the door open, a jug of cold water comes crashing down on him, "wetting him to the skin." Because he is drenched with the cold water during the cooler hours of the night, the ghost catches cold; this is the reason that he falls ill a second time.

The shock to his nervous system was so great that he fled back to his room as hard as he could go, and the next day he was laid up with a severe cold. The only thing that at all consoled him in the whole affair was the fact that he had not brought his head with him, for, had he done so, the consequences might have been very serious.

1. How might different competitive strategies help to explain why Electronic Arts lost its leadership in the video-game market to Activision Blizzard?

Hello, thanks for your question on competitive strategies that might have helped to propel Activision Blizzard past Electronic Arts, as leaders in the gaming industry.

Background

According to newzoo’s 2017 list of top video game companies by revenues, Activision Blizzard ranks third with total (Q1 and Q2) revenues of $3357 Million. Electronic Arts (EA) rank sixth with total revenues (Q1 and Q2) of $2976 Million.

Findings

According to Investopedia, the fact that EA does...

Hello, thanks for your question on competitive strategies that might have helped to propel Activision Blizzard past Electronic Arts, as leaders in the gaming industry.

Background

According to newzoo’s 2017 list of top video game companies by revenues, Activision Blizzard ranks third with total (Q1 and Q2) revenues of $3357 Million. Electronic Arts (EA) rank sixth with total revenues (Q1 and Q2) of $2976 Million.

Findings

According to Investopedia, the fact that EA does not totally control its properties, due to licensing partnerships (e.g., the EA Sports and FIFA licensing agreement, NFL), as opposed to Activision, who singly owns most of their important franchises, works to its disadvantage.

Also while previously EA appeared to be more dominant in the mobile gaming category with its acquisition of PopCap Games in 2011, Activision countered this with the acquisition of King Digital in 2015. Through this acquisition, it can tap long-term revenues brought on by King’s games such as Candy Crush Saga and its expertise in mobile game production, especially with projections showing a growth in the mobile gaming industry of about $15.6 billion between the year 2016 and 2019.

Chris Holt, in his article “6 Reasons why Activision Blizzard will Beat Zynga and Electronic Arts” articulates the following factors that might have encouraged Activision’s growth past EA:

• Early use of subscriptions: Started using the Massive Multiplayer Online (MMO) in the beginning of the 21st century. It is important to note that the most profitable subscription game for 2016 was Activision’s World of Warcraft (via the Legion expansion). Legion lifted subscriber numbers to 10 Million, with 3.3 Million copies sold before its launch. Against this backdrop, Activision has a large knowledge base on offerings, which it can use to produce similar successful products in the future.


• 
  

  Games have a longer life cycle

  
  


• 
  

  Owner of big games that can be further monetized

  
  

I hope this helps.

What sensory details does the narrator use to build suspense during the scene when the children try to look in the Radleys' window in Harper Lee's...

In Chapter Six of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, the author makes excellent use of imagery, especially in the form of sensory details, to create suspense and foreboding when the Finch children and Dill try to look in the Radleys' window.

As the children enter the yard, descriptions heighten a feeling of anxiety for the children's safety, making this one of the story's most exciting chapters.

At the rear of the property where "we stood less chance of being seen," there is "a narrow wooden outhouse." The kids have to wiggle under the wired fence. "It was a tight squeeze for [Jem]." In these descriptions, we have a sense of trying not to be caught, but there is also the sense of confined spaces, something that frightens many people.

When Jem warns, "Don't get in a row of collards whatever you do, they'll wake the dead," Scout moves cautiously and, obviously much too slowly, for as she looks up, she "saw Jem far ahead beckoning in the moonlight." This brings to mind a ghost, especially with the words "beckoning" and "moonlight."

When the kids arrive at the gate that separates the yard from the garden, "the gate squeaked" when Jem touches it.

As they move forward, Scout complains.

"You've got us in a box, Jem," I muttered. "We can't get out of here so easy."

A description of the house is given:

The back of the Radley house was less inviting than the front: a ramshackle porch ran the width of the house; there were two doors and two dark windows between the doors.

Above a Franklin stove, "a hat-rack mirror caught the moon and shone eerily."

Creeping to the side of the house, there is a "hanging shutter." While it may only be a sign of disrepair, it brings to mind a haunted house. As they try to raise Jem up to look in the window, he says,

Hurry. . . we can't last much longer.

Time is running out. A need for speed creates tension.

When the boys decide to try the back window, Scout's fear is palpable.

When Jem put his foot on the bottom step, the step squeaked. He stood still and tried his weight by degrees. . . He crawled to the window, raised his head and looked in.

In a split second, the entire mood of the scene changes:

Then I saw the shadow. It was the shadow of a man with a hat on. At first I thought it was a tree, but there was no wind blowing, and tree-trunks never walked. The back porch was bathed in moonlight, and the shadow, crisp as toast, moved across the porch toward Jem.

Dill. . . put his hands to his face. . . Jem saw it. He put his arms over his head and went rigid.

At that point, the kids dive off of the porch. Scout explains,

As I tripped the roar of a shotgun shattered the neighborhood.

The reason that sensory details are so effective is because they appeal to our senses, which are very sensitive. When the author appeals to the senses, words on a page come to life. The senses in this chapter are mostly of sight, sound, and touch: visual, auditory, and perceptual.

Whether general imagery is used that evokes mental pictures or feelings that cause fear and suspense, or the specific use of sensory details are employed, Lee has a true gift to be able to transport the reader into that dark backyard, on a hot summer's night—when kids are apt to be up to something thrilling—and frightening—in Maycomb, Alabama.

What are the themes of Yvain by Chrétien de Troyes?

The so-called "matter of Britain" stories, revolving around King Arthur, his court, and the knights that comprised it, was a subject of fascination to medieval writers much further afield than Britain itself. Chrétien de Troyes was an extremely prolific author writing in Middle French during the twelfth century, but his romances, such as this one, share key themes with the work of English poets such as The Pearl Poet (see "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight").  Yvain is the French form of Ywain, and "the knight of the lion" also appears in the text "Ywain and Gawain," a Northern English dialect poem that survives from the fifteenth century.

Like Gawain, the character of Yvain allows authors to focus on themes surrounding morality, purity, and what makes a good knight. In this text, all of these themes are examined in the context of courtly love and Yvain's approach to women and marriage. Initially in the story, Yvain's wife Laudine banishes him for being "untrue" and failing to keep his promise to return to her within a year of leaving to go adventuring with Gawain. It is notable that, at this stage, Yvain is already performing chivalric deeds and heroic adventures, but for his wife, that is not enough: he is not behaving as a knight should in his heart.

Yvain's adventures early in the poem are simply youthful enjoyments to him, and he is privileging his own entertainment and time with his friends over his devotion and promises to his wife. Subsequently, Yvain must then find a way to win back his wife, which he does by befriending a lion. With the lion by his side, he is accordingly lion-hearted, and is able to defeat a giant, among other foes. Finally, he rescues Laudine's maid servant from being burned to death, and she, seeing that he has redeemed himself, helps convince Laudine to take him back.

Yvain's speech towards the end of the story underlines the moral and key theme: "one ought to have mercy on a sinner. I have had to pay, and dearly to pay, for my mad act . . . if you will deign to keep me now, I never again shall do you any wrong." To be a true knight, then, it is important to remember one's promises, and real chivalry means honoring one's wife as well as one's king. The youthful adventures of Yvain early in the text made him a knight in his own mind, but in his heart, he had not yet learned the importance of truth as a knightly quality. 

How can you put "Death of the Ball Turret Gunner," into a historical and/or philosophical context. The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner...

This short poem is an excellent example of the communicative power of verse. The poet, Randall Jarrell, was a World War II veteran who served in control towers for the Army Air Corps,  which makes him personally invested in the historical context of this poem and its narrator.  The poem is written from the perspective of a ball turret gunner—a gunner who would be shackled beneath a bomber aircraft in his own turret, which here...

This short poem is an excellent example of the communicative power of verse. The poet, Randall Jarrell, was a World War II veteran who served in control towers for the Army Air Corps,  which makes him personally invested in the historical context of this poem and its narrator.  The poem is written from the perspective of a ball turret gunner—a gunner who would be shackled beneath a bomber aircraft in his own turret, which here is cast as a metaphorical womb—after he has been killed in battle. The brutal pragmatism with which the gunner is disposed of—"they washed me out of the turret with a hose"—reflects the feeling many World War II soldiers had; they felt that they were considered expendable, bred simply to be used by the "State." Later, the evidence of their sacrifice was washed away. The outlook of the poem is bleak, echoing the wartime work of Sassoon and Owen from World War I. There is little patriotism or pomp to it. 

Philosophically, what is arresting about this poem is the speaker's presentation of himself as an animal sent straight from his mother's womb into the belly of the gun turret, the service of the State, even before the birthing fluids have dried—"hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze." The choice of the words "State" and "dream" are particularly resonant given the context: during World War II, dreams struck many as a delusion of peacetime, and "The State" would have brought to mind the Soviet Union. This poem suggests that the American dream is only that, a dream, and that American soldiers are bred to serve the state like animals. Then, they are to be killed and disposed of—war is just as horrific everywhere. This is a provocatively grim philosophy which reflects the despair inherent in the historical context.  

Top three rhetorical devices that were the most effective in JFK's Inaugural Address?

JFK delivered his inaugural address on January 20, 1961. His speech was carefully crafted with the help of a few of his closest advisors. So how did he use rhetorical devices (techniques a speaker uses to persuade or sway an audience to agree with his perspective) to appeal to his audience? Let's go over the key points, and you can choose which three you'd like to write about.

Brevity: at 1,355 words, the speech was relatively short....

JFK delivered his inaugural address on January 20, 1961. His speech was carefully crafted with the help of a few of his closest advisors. So how did he use rhetorical devices (techniques a speaker uses to persuade or sway an audience to agree with his perspective) to appeal to his audience? Let's go over the key points, and you can choose which three you'd like to write about.

Brevity: at 1,355 words, the speech was relatively short. He held the audience's attention because he wasn't speaking for very long.

Phrasing and diction: in the interest of clarity, JFK intentionally used short phrases and short words. These are three separate lines from the speech:

The world is very different now.

This much we pledge—and more.

We dare not tempt them with weakness.

Repetition: Kennedy repeated key words again and again to strengthen his message. Look at the structure of the speech. many lines begin with the same phrase:

Let both sides explore what problems unite us . . .

Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science . . .

Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah . . .

Rhetorical questions or ideas: these involve the audience, making them consider their own positions instead of just listening passively.

And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.

Flattery: JFK makes his audience feel good about themselves by using complimentary language.

The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage . . .

Why is effective school management important in the classroom?

School management is a big topic because it covers a huge range of subjects.  School management topics include things like attendance, student behavior, dress code, curriculum, enrollment, recruiting, retention, scheduling, hiring, firing, budgeting, pay scales, teacher evaluations, professional development requirements, etc.  

With all of the possible responsibilities for school management, I'm glad that the question specifically asks about school management's impact on daily classroom teaching and learning.  Many of the above items do affect...

School management is a big topic because it covers a huge range of subjects.  School management topics include things like attendance, student behavior, dress code, curriculum, enrollment, recruiting, retention, scheduling, hiring, firing, budgeting, pay scales, teacher evaluations, professional development requirements, etc.  

With all of the possible responsibilities for school management, I'm glad that the question specifically asks about school management's impact on daily classroom teaching and learning.  Many of the above items do affect the classroom.  I'd like to expand on three of them. 

Let's start with the hiring of new faculty members.  I have served on several committees that have made the final recommendation to the school board about which teaching candidate to offer a contract to.  A central concern is always "What can this teacher do for us in the classroom?"  Along with that question is the question of teaching experience.  Are we hiring a first year teacher or a master teacher?  A master teacher likely has solid classroom management procedures in place, and that will allow that teacher to effectively focus on student learning rather than student behavior.  A classroom that is focused on student learning is a better classroom.  Effective school management tries to always hire the most effective teacher in order to have effective classrooms. 

Next, let's look at how school management's budgeting can impact classroom learning.  I teach science, and as a consequence, I feel that I am very aware of my budget.  I am currently fortunate enough that I have been able to supply every lab investigation with funding from my school budget.  That directly impacts student learning because labs allow students to collaboratively work in groups, problem solve, and practice content skills.  Those are all linked to student achievement. Without school management recognizing the value in funding school labs and effectively running a budget, science labs in schools would end to the detriment of classroom teachers and student learners.  

Curriculum is next.  Effective school managers are involved with school curriculum.  They need to ensure that the curriculum is in line with government education policies.  Additionally, effective school management regarding curriculum involves making sure that the curriculum is broad and balanced.  The curriculum should also spiral in its scope and sequence across grade levels.   Finally, effective school management will determine what the curriculum review process will entail.  Without these procedures in place, the overall direction of classroom student learning runs the risk of not having enough guidance.  I like the analogy of driving and directions.  Teachers might be great drivers, but without directions, 10 teachers might drive in 10 different directions.  School management gives the directions and the end goals.  Teachers drive students toward that goal.  Effective school management doesn't guarantee effective classrooms, but it does help a lot. 

what do the houyhnhms seem to symbolize

The Houyhnhnms are a race of rational, civilized horses that Gulliver encounters when he reaches Houyhnhnm Land. To a large extent, they represent the better part of human nature, with the Yahoos representing the worst. The Houyhnhnms live according to nature, and theirs is a simple life subject to rational laws. This is the ideal we often set for ourselves as human beings. Yet one doesn't have to be as fiercely misanthropic as Swift to see that far...

The Houyhnhnms are a race of rational, civilized horses that Gulliver encounters when he reaches Houyhnhnm Land. To a large extent, they represent the better part of human nature, with the Yahoos representing the worst. The Houyhnhnms live according to nature, and theirs is a simple life subject to rational laws. This is the ideal we often set for ourselves as human beings. Yet one doesn't have to be as fiercely misanthropic as Swift to see that far too often we fall well short of such noble ambitions.

In theological terms, the Houyhnhnms can be seen as symbolizing man's prelapsarian existence. In Christianity, this refers to how human beings were before the Fall, the punishment inflicted upon humankind for the sins of Adam and Eve. The society of the Houyhnhnms is far removed from any arrangement that fallen humanity could ever establish in the real world. They live in a state of innocence, with no understanding of lying, for example. As they have never fallen from grace, so they remain completely free from corruption. As such, they would have no need for God's saving grace, which for a clergyman like Swift would make them far from being an ideal to which we should aspire.

If the Houyhnhnms are at one end of the scale, and the Yahoos are at the other, we as human beings are stuck somewhere in the middle--rational beings who often behave atrociously, yet nonetheless capable of being saved.

How is the relationships and fostering of friendships with Lou Ann important to Taylor? How does she change and grow through this relationship ?

The relationship between Taylor and Lou Ann is very important to the plot of The Bean Trees (1988), Barbara Kingsolver's first novel. Let's go over a few of the main ways that this friendship is crucial for Taylor, the protagonist, before discussing the ways that she changes between the moment she meets Lou Ann and the point where the narrative ends. 

First: Taylor is alone and faced with a major challenge at the beginning of the book, and Lou Ann offers her support and companionship. At the start of the story, Taylor leaves her mother and her home in Kentucky to head off on an adventure. She's immediately faced with a challenge when she stops to eat at a roadside restaurant in Oklahoma and a stranger pushes a baby into her arms. Taylor doesn't know what to do. She decides to care for the baby, but she's alone and doesn't know anyone in town. Until, that is, she meets Lou Ann, a local young woman who posted an ad in the local paper in search of a housemate to share expenses. Lou Ann becomes Taylor's friend and a point of contact in a community where Taylor is an outsider.

Second: Lou Ann is a mother, so she's able to teach Taylor how to care for a child (Turtle, in this case, the baby that was handed to her in the restaurant.) And since she's already staying at home with her baby, she's able to offer live-in childcare for Turtle, the baby that Taylor has informally adopted, while Taylor goes to work. In both practical and emotional terms, Lou Ann becomes like family to Taylor.

Third: Taylor's relationship with Lou Ann helps Taylor to grow up. Personality-wise, Lou Ann is different than Taylor, and their complementary characteristics help both women to learn and grow. Lou Ann is more maternal and traditional than Taylor, who's initially more free-spirited and interested in adventure. In important ways, Lou Ann models what it means to be a responsible adult.

This third point leads into the second part of your question. How does Taylor change in the course of her friendship with Lou Ann?

She becomes a mother, in a sense, even though she has never given birth to a child: watching a nurturing woman like Lou Ann care for her own baby, she becomes a stronger mother to Turtle. Conversely, Taylor builds confidence as she helps Lou Ann to become more independent and go on her first job interview.

In her friendship with Lou Ann, Taylor realizes the importance of female friendship, support, and community. She learns that "family" can come in many forms—that family can be something we choose, not just what we're born into. This idea is well-expressed in the following passage from the novel, in which Lou Anne is speaking to Taylor:

Taylor, remember that time you were mad at me because you didn't want us to act like a family? That all we needed was a little dog named Spot? Well, don't get mad, but I told somebody that you and Turtle and Dwayne Ray were my family. Somebody at work said, 'Do you have family at home?' And I said, 'Sure,' without even thinking. I meant you all. Mainly I guess because we've been through hell and high water together. We know each other's good and bad sides, stuff nobody else knows.

Who are the characters in A Different Mirror?

A Different Mirror by Ronald Takaki doesn't have characters as such. It's largely a history book and a commentary on the different experiences of cultures in the United States. However, there are a few notable figures who appear in the narrative, including Takaki himself, a cab driver, and Thomas Jefferson.

At the beginning of the book, Takaki finds himself in the back of a cab, where he is asked how long he's been in the...

A Different Mirror by Ronald Takaki doesn't have characters as such. It's largely a history book and a commentary on the different experiences of cultures in the United States. However, there are a few notable figures who appear in the narrative, including Takaki himself, a cab driver, and Thomas Jefferson.

At the beginning of the book, Takaki finds himself in the back of a cab, where he is asked how long he's been in the United States. The cab driver is curious because Takaki speaks English well.

Except, as Takaki tells him, he's always been in the United States. His family immigrated more than a century ago.

The cab driver's interaction with Takaki starts off a narrative that shows how often people are unaware of the history of their nation. He leaves the driver and thinks about how that interaction is the exact reason why he is on the way to a conference on multiculturalism.

Thomas Jefferson plays a large role as a person who contributes to the stereotyping of Native Americans as dangerous—all while attempting to coerce friendly groups into adopting the European culture and way of life. Takaki quotes Jefferson extensively, showing both his public and private thoughts on other cultures incorporating into America.

For example, it's taught that Jefferson was a person who wanted to end slavery, and that well may be true. But Takaki explains that Jefferson also believed that black people would have to be removed from American society because they could not coexist with whites due to their inferiority.

Another character mentioned is Richard Parker, who was hired by company representatives to set up a black union called the American Unity Labor union. This was done specifically to keep black and white union workers separate and to benefit the owners of the factories. 

While A Different Mirror doesn't have a standard set of characters, many people from American history are mentioned, and Takaki details his experience with a cab driver.

Is Macbeth a tyrant?

Macbeth does not start out as a tyrant, but he gradually becomes one over the course of the play's middle acts. When the play opens, Macbeth is an acclaimed military leader who performs valiantly in a battle and is awarded with the additional title Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan. After the battle, though, Macbeth meets the witches on the heath and learns that he is predicted to become king one day. He immediately starts...

Macbeth does not start out as a tyrant, but he gradually becomes one over the course of the play's middle acts. When the play opens, Macbeth is an acclaimed military leader who performs valiantly in a battle and is awarded with the additional title Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan. After the battle, though, Macbeth meets the witches on the heath and learns that he is predicted to become king one day. He immediately starts to think about how he can become king quickly, and his ambition grows over the course of act I until he finally murders Duncan while he is visiting Macbeth's castle. Macbeth is crowned King. 

Once he is the monarch, Macbeth's ambition only increases; he is not satisfied with having been crowned, and he becomes completely paranoid about holding onto his position. His insecurity leads him to become increasingly tyrannical as the play progresses. He tries to eliminate all of his enemies, even those who were formerly his friends. He sees Banquo and Macduff as threats and tries to eliminate them and their families (he is partially successful). It is reported by other characters in the play that Scotland has declined radically under Macbeth's rule and that the people do not have food and live in fear of their king. When Macbeth is finally killed by Macduff in act V, he proclaims that Macbeth's decapitated head will stand as a monument to what happens to tyrants in Scotland. 

What gesture of friendship cements Miss Maudie and Scout's relationship?

As Scout, Dill, and Jem continue to grow up, they also begin to change. One of the most evident changes is that Dill and Jem start to bond more as boys, leaving Scout behind in their games. As a result, Scout ends up spending more time with her neighbor, Miss Maudie, who likes to garden and has a very amiable way of treating children. Scout was not too familiar with Miss Maudie as a child,...

As Scout, Dill, and Jem continue to grow up, they also begin to change. One of the most evident changes is that Dill and Jem start to bond more as boys, leaving Scout behind in their games. As a result, Scout ends up spending more time with her neighbor, Miss Maudie, who likes to garden and has a very amiable way of treating children. Scout was not too familiar with Miss Maudie as a child, but, as part of her own growth into young womanhood, she is now warming up to the dynamics of female friendships. After all, why not be friends with Miss Maudie? She makes the best cakes in town!

As time went on and Scout spent more time with Miss Maudie, she was able to get more insight about the lives of the Radleys. She finds a lot of information that serves as a way for her to understand that there is much more to the rumors and myths surrounding the family. Scout learns a lot from Miss Maudie. However, the ultimate act that cements their friendship is when Miss Maudie opens up and shows Scout a little secret: her dentures.

[When] she grinned she revealed two minute gold prongs clipped to her eyeteeth. When I admired them and hoped I would have some eventually, she said, “Look here.” With a click of her tongue she thrust out her bridgework, a gesture of cordiality that cemented our friendship. 

Notice that Scout says that it was an honor to see the bridgework. It is a gesture that indicates that there are no secrets between them and that they are friends. It is clear that this was an important moment in Scout's life: she remembers it as a symbol of a long-lasting friendship. 

What is a summary of the Declaration of Independence?

The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in American history. It set out, for the first time, the reasons why the American colonies should break away from Britain and declare their independence.

The Declaration starts off with what's called a preamble. This is kind of like a mission statement, a way of letting everybody know what the signatories to the document are doing and why. It's a statement of intent and...

The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in American history. It set out, for the first time, the reasons why the American colonies should break away from Britain and declare their independence.

The Declaration starts off with what's called a preamble. This is kind of like a mission statement, a way of letting everybody know what the signatories to the document are doing and why. It's a statement of intent and a justification for what's about to follow.

Then we move on the first section proper. Here, Jefferson famously justifies independence on broad philosophical grounds:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.–That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, –That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

We are all endowed by God with natural rights. We also have the right to remove any government that doesn't respect those rights and replace it with one that does.

There then follows a long list of grievances against King George III. Among other things, he has persistently undermined attempts by the American colonists to set up legislative institutions. He has also levied taxes without the colonists' consent. Even worse, he has undermined the nation's security by, among other outrageous acts, confiscating American ships and hiring foreign mercenaries.

Finally, the American colonists have made repeated attempts to reach an amicable settlement with the British, but they have all been ignored and treated with contempt. There's nothing for it. We have no alternative but to declare our independence from Britain once and for all. In doing so, we have established a new nation. That nation is to be called the United States of America.

Why is a government needed?

There are various reasons why we need to have a government. One reason is that a government provides order within a society. Without a government, there might not be laws. People would feel they could do whatever they wanted, whenever they wanted to do these things. We likely would be less safe without laws.

There are various services that government provides that are important to people. Without a police force, it would be harder to...

There are various reasons why we need to have a government. One reason is that a government provides order within a society. Without a government, there might not be laws. People would feel they could do whatever they wanted, whenever they wanted to do these things. We likely would be less safe without laws.

There are various services that government provides that are important to people. Without a police force, it would be harder to deal with illegal activities. In colder climates, roads need to be plowed in the winter. State and local governments set up public schools and public universities. In some places, the government arranges to have garbage collected and materials recycled. The government monitors the activities of businesses to help to ensure that consumers are being treated fairly. The government also provides relief to people when natural disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes, occur.

Conducting relations with other countries would be very difficult if a government didn't exist. The government is responsible for making treaties and, if needed, going to war. The government is responsible for maintaining a military.

Governments take on many roles that help to ensure that society can function smoothly.

Why does Scout get into trouble with Calpurnia and have to finish her lunch in the kitchen?

In chapter 3, Walter Cunningham Jr. eats dinner with the Finch family and politely asks Atticus to pass him the syrup. After Calpurnia returns from the kitchen with some syrup, Walter Jr. proceeds to pour it all over his vegetables and meat, which disgusts Scout. Scout cannot control herself and rudely asks what the "Sam Hill" Walter is doing. Walter Jr. gets embarrassed, and Scout continues to draw attention to his odd table manners. Calpurnia then...

In chapter 3, Walter Cunningham Jr. eats dinner with the Finch family and politely asks Atticus to pass him the syrup. After Calpurnia returns from the kitchen with some syrup, Walter Jr. proceeds to pour it all over his vegetables and meat, which disgusts Scout. Scout cannot control herself and rudely asks what the "Sam Hill" Walter is doing. Walter Jr. gets embarrassed, and Scout continues to draw attention to his odd table manners. Calpurnia then takes Scout into the kitchen and chastises Scout for her rude behavior.

Calpurnia tells Scout that she should never contradict anybody on their eating habits and should consider Walter Cunningham Jr. their guest. Calpurnia then chastises Scout for acting so "so high and mighty" and says that it does not matter if Scout's family is considered better than the Cunninghams. Calpurnia demands that Scout show Walter Jr. respect and tells her,

If you can’t act fit to eat at the table you can just set here and eat in the kitchen! (Lee, 25). 

What does Smith mean when he says "the natural desire of every individual is to improve his own condition"?

What Adam Smith means when he says this is that every person naturally wants to advance themselves.  This typically means that they want to get richer, and that is generally what Smith is talking about in The Wealth of Nations.  Smith wants us to think about this because, he says, society is better off when people are allowed to pursue their own self-interest without too much in the way of governmental interference.

In the...

What Adam Smith means when he says this is that every person naturally wants to advance themselves.  This typically means that they want to get richer, and that is generally what Smith is talking about in The Wealth of Nations.  Smith wants us to think about this because, he says, society is better off when people are allowed to pursue their own self-interest without too much in the way of governmental interference.

In the passage that this quote comes from, Smith says that people who are left alone can carry their “society to wealth and prosperity.”  They can do this even if there are many obstructions put in their way by the “folly of human laws.”  What Smith is saying, then, is that things would be better if the government would stop creating these laws that put obstructions in the way of people who are trying to act in their own self-interest.  If there were fewer foolish laws, it would be easier for society to prosper.

What this quote means is that people naturally want to get richer.  This is relevant to Smith because he says that they will naturally act in ways that will make society as a whole more prosperous if they are left to their own devices.  Thus, this passage is part of Smith’s argument for a relatively laissez faire system of government.

What were some of the many warning signs that Andy was extremely depressed?

Andy clearly exhibited symptoms of major depression in the novel. 

For example, Andy was constantly plagued by feelings of guilt and hopelessness. He told his coach after a winning game that he should have been the one who died. Later, he admitted to feeling guilty for taking over Robbie's position on the team.

He told his psychologist that he would never have won the position of center had Robbie been alive. Andy thought that Robbie...

Andy clearly exhibited symptoms of major depression in the novel. 

For example, Andy was constantly plagued by feelings of guilt and hopelessness. He told his coach after a winning game that he should have been the one who died. Later, he admitted to feeling guilty for taking over Robbie's position on the team.

He told his psychologist that he would never have won the position of center had Robbie been alive. Andy thought that Robbie was the best center Hazelwood ever had, and he thought that he could never match his friend's prowess on the court.

Andy was also easily irritated and exhibited extreme mood swings. For example, he could be cheerful one moment and belligerently angry the next. During an interaction with Keisha, Andy complimented Keisha on her looks, which prompted Keisha to comment on his apparently good mood. Yet, a few minutes later, Andy became extremely angry when Keisha mentioned that she had to study for her chemistry test and could not go to the movies with him. 

Andy also experienced frequent bouts of sadness, which left him feeling deflated and apathetic. For example, Andy became melancholy after seeing a Santa Claus display. He told Keisha that Santa Claus reminded him of Robbie. Keisha admitted that she did not see the connection, as Robbie was African American and six-foot-five when he was alive.

However, Robbie immediately shut down, refused to talk, and ignored her. Keisha related that she had to call her mother to take them both home, especially since Andy no longer drove. Later, Andy told Keisha that he never turned in one of his school assignments. He admitted that he did not care if his grades suffered.

There were many warning signs that Andy was extremely depressed. He exhibited apathy, experienced frequent bouts of sadness, struggled with feelings of guilt and hopelessness, and displayed extreme mood swings.

How are Jo and Laurie alike in their behaviour when it comes to gender norms? How does Laurie protest against male stereotypes in the same way that...

Jo and Laurie are alike in terms of the way neither one really embodies the qualities typically associated with their own gender. Jo is bookish and headstrong; she hates getting dressed up, and she envies the men who go away to the war as well as Laurie when he gets to go away to school. She is quite prideful rather than submissive, even refusing to ask Aunt March for money when Marmee needs it. Instead,...

Jo and Laurie are alike in terms of the way neither one really embodies the qualities typically associated with their own gender. Jo is bookish and headstrong; she hates getting dressed up, and she envies the men who go away to the war as well as Laurie when he gets to go away to school. She is quite prideful rather than submissive, even refusing to ask Aunt March for money when Marmee needs it. Instead, she sells her own hair, wearing it short (like a boy's) until it grows out again.

Laurie prefers music to study; he is sentimental and romantic. Jo is more logical than Laurie, another apparent gender reversal. For example, Jo tries to subtly prevent Laurie from proposing to her, and then, when he does, she rebuffs him. Society would dictate that Jo, a girl from a poor family, ought to jump at Laurie's offer, that she should be not only grateful but also wildly in love with him, the handsome well-to-do family friend who is so solicitous of her happiness. Then, she goes far from home to strike out on her own and become a published author (also a profession usually associated with men at that time). Even their nicknames are gender-swapped: Jo is typically a boy's nickname, and Laurie is typically a girl's.

What has George told Lennie that he always remembers, even when Lennie forgets everything else?

Lennie is forgetful throughout the novella, and George is continually reminding him of recent events. In the first chapter, Lennie demonstrates his forgetful nature by not remembering that he and George are traveling to work at a ranch in Soledad, and he also forgets the incident in Weed. At the end of the first chapter, George tells Lennie to look around at their campsite beside the river and remember its appearance. George then tells Lennie...

Lennie is forgetful throughout the novella, and George is continually reminding him of recent events. In the first chapter, Lennie demonstrates his forgetful nature by not remembering that he and George are traveling to work at a ranch in Soledad, and he also forgets the incident in Weed. At the end of the first chapter, George tells Lennie to look around at their campsite beside the river and remember its appearance. George then tells Lennie that if anything ever happens, he needs to remember to follow the river and hide in the brush at the campsite. Later on in the novella, Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife and remembers to run back to their original campsite by the river. At the beginning of chapter 6, Lennie says, "I di'n't forget, you bet, God damn. Hide in the brush an' wait for George" (Steinbeck, 58). George then meets up with Lennie and is forced to shoot his friend in order to save him from the brutal lynch mob.