What is the relationship between Calpurnia and Tom Robinson in "To Kill a Mockingbird?"

Calpurnia and Tom Robinson belong to the same church, the First Purchase African M.E. Church in Maycomb. In the story, Atticus tells Scout that Cal knows Tom's family quite well. So, Tom and Calpurnia are fellow parishioners and members of Maycomb's close-knit African American community.

In chapter 12, Calpurnia contributes money to the collection plate. The minister tells the congregation that the church will collect money to benefit Tom's wife and children for four consecutive...

Calpurnia and Tom Robinson belong to the same church, the First Purchase African M.E. Church in Maycomb. In the story, Atticus tells Scout that Cal knows Tom's family quite well. So, Tom and Calpurnia are fellow parishioners and members of Maycomb's close-knit African American community.

In chapter 12, Calpurnia contributes money to the collection plate. The minister tells the congregation that the church will collect money to benefit Tom's wife and children for four consecutive weekends. Because Tom is in prison, Helen must depend upon her fellow parishioners for financial assistance. Reverend Sykes also tells the congregation that Helen cannot leave her children to go to work (while Tom is in jail).

Later, Calpurnia accompanies Atticus to break the news of Tom's death to Helen. When Helen collapses from her grief, Calpurnia and Atticus help her into her home. Calpurnia's presence during the emotional interaction demonstrates that she is a close friend of the family.

How would you summarize “Black-Eyed Women” from The Refugees by Viet Thanh Nguyen?

“Black Eyed Women” is the first story in . It is narrated by an unnamed thirty-eight-year-old woman who immigrated to the United States from Vietnam when she was a teenager. She is a ghostwriter (someone who writes material that will be published under another person’s name) who specializes in tragic stories and memoirs. The narrator is visited by the ghost of her brother who died during the journey to the United States. She reveals that he was killed when their boat was attacked by pirates. Her brother disguised her as a boy in an attempt to stop the pirates from raping her; however, when one of the pirates began to look at her more closely, her brother attacked him to protect her and was killed. The pirates then raped the narrator. When the ghost of her brother shows up, he is sopping wet from his swim in the ocean. The arrival of the ghost forces the narrator to deal with her past trauma and move on with her life. The story ends as the narrator decides to start writing her own stories instead of the stories of others. 

What is a plot summary of Crime and Punishment?

Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is the story of a young man who decides to kill a pawnbroker in order to take her money and ends up killing her sister as well. He then suffers guilt over what he's done until he confesses to the crime and is sent to jail in Siberia.

The story takes place in Saint Petersburg, Russia and concerns Rodion Raskolnikov, who was once a student but now lives poor and without much income. He convinces himself that he can murder Alyona Ivanovna, a mean pawnbroker, in order to steal her money and do good for society—and himself—with it. In the process, he kills her sister, who walks in on the crime scene. He doesn't even get away with the money, only stealing a few things.

While he got away without being seen, Raskolnikov suffers the effects of his conscience. He worries constantly that he'll be caught and tries to hide the evidence of his crime. He becomes ill from his guilt, acting increasingly suspiciously. He meets Sonya, a virtuous prostitute and the daughter of a man he helped with the money he stole.

The detective in charge of the case, Porfiry, suspects Raskolnikov but has no evidence. When another man confesses to the crime, Raskolnikov thinks he may have gotten away with it again—but there's no reprieve from his guilt. This is when he confesses to Sonya. The confession is overheard by a man obsessed with Raskolnikov's sister, Dunya. The man says he may someday this information against Raskolnikov.

Sonya urges Raskolnikov to confess. His sister's obsessive suitor kills himself after realizing he can never be with Dunya, freeing Raskolnikov from the fear that he will expose him. He considers not telling the police the truth, but he ultimately decides that Sonya is right and that confession is the right thing to do.

Raskolnikov is sentenced to eight years in prison in Siberia. Sonya accompanies him and helps him heal his wounded moral character. His mother dies in illness and shame in light of his actions. His sister, Dunya, marries his friend.

What is Charles's strongest character trait and why?

In Shirley Jackson's short story "Charles," the title character's strongest trait is his audacity. From the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, audacity is defined as: "A confident and daring quality often seen as shocking or rude." 

In this story, a boy named Laurie invents a boy named Charles to explain his behavior at school. His parents are baffled by the stories of Charles, and concerned. They often overlook the behavior that Laurie displays at home that is...

In Shirley Jackson's short story "Charles," the title character's strongest trait is his audacity. From the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, audacity is defined as: "A confident and daring quality often seen as shocking or rude." 

In this story, a boy named Laurie invents a boy named Charles to explain his behavior at school. His parents are baffled by the stories of Charles, and concerned. They often overlook the behavior that Laurie displays at home that is mirroring that of his alter ego.

While telling his parents that Charles is responsible, Laurie commits many heinous acts at school. Some of his most audacious acts are: hitting the teacher, yelling so loudly he disturbs other classes, bouncing a see-saw off the head of a classmate, causing her to bleed, punching a boy in the stomach, and convincing a classmate to speak an obscene word, then saying it himself.  

While all these acts are being committed, Laurie's mother and father seem oblivious to Laurie's actions. Even when Laurie's father tries to correct his disrespectful behavior, with a stern "See here, young man," the parents think that it is Charles's influence that has made him act this way. 

At home, Laurie has the audacity to insult his father twice, saying "Hi Pop, y'old dust mop," and the joke: "Look up, look down, look at my thumb, gee you're dumb!" He laughs "insanely" after saying this to his father. He also shouts raucously in the house and down the street on his way home. He spilled his sister's milk and walks away while his father is still talking to him. 

All of these behaviors would be considered audacious today for a kindergartener, but in 1948 when it was first published, it would have seemed incredibly audacious. 

Why did Laurie act the way he did in school?

The most likely reason is that Laurie is testing his boundaries in an unfamiliar setting.

At the beginning of the story, we learn that Laurie has just begun kindergarten. His mother relates that Laurie has graduated from a "sweet-voiced nursery-school tot" to a "long-trousered swaggering character." This revelation is telling. One can interpret Laurie's bravado as a sort of coping mechanism.

While kindergarten presents new opportunities for Laurie, it is also an unknown entity. Laurie...

The most likely reason is that Laurie is testing his boundaries in an unfamiliar setting.

At the beginning of the story, we learn that Laurie has just begun kindergarten. His mother relates that Laurie has graduated from a "sweet-voiced nursery-school tot" to a "long-trousered swaggering character." This revelation is telling. One can interpret Laurie's bravado as a sort of coping mechanism.

While kindergarten presents new opportunities for Laurie, it is also an unknown entity. Laurie likely understands that he is transitioning into new territory, where more is expected of him. Yet, because of his immaturity, Laurie has little idea of what it means to transition smoothly into new surroundings. His bad behavior is likely an attempt at maintaining a feeling of control during an unfamiliar experience.

We notice that Laurie is openly rude to the adults in his life, from his parents to his teachers. He revels in the exploits of his alter ego, Charles. As Charles, Laurie is powerful and invincible. Laurie's teacher appears to take everything in stride. She does not let Laurie get away with bad behavior. By the third or fourth week, Charles is magically transformed. He is so good that his teacher rewards him with an apple. Charles becomes known as the teacher's "helper."

So, it's clear that Laurie acted badly in the beginning of the school year as a coping mechanism.

You are the Senior Hydrologist with the local government department in California. There is a water shortage in your state and the Mayor has asked...

California is again reeling under the drought and measures are being taken to alleviate the problem. Drought, in general, causes reduction in ground water table and surface water levels, impacts agriculture and wildlife, and may also result in saltwater intrusion and increased instances of wildfires. A number of short and long term steps can be taken to alleviate the problem:

Short-term (less than 5 years duration):

1. Reduction in usage: One of the ways we can...

California is again reeling under the drought and measures are being taken to alleviate the problem. Drought, in general, causes reduction in ground water table and surface water levels, impacts agriculture and wildlife, and may also result in saltwater intrusion and increased instances of wildfires. A number of short and long term steps can be taken to alleviate the problem:

Short-term (less than 5 years duration):

1. Reduction in usage: One of the ways we can alleviate the water shortage is by making some changes to our lifestyle and conserving water. These changes may be as simple as reduced shower time, lesser number of car washes and lesser water use for gardening/lawn.


2. Water conservation: water conservation by water reuse (washing cars in lawn will clean the car and water the lawn, etc.), rainwater harvesting, etc. is required.


3. More efficient fixtures: water efficient fixtures can replace older, water-intensive fixtures and help us save more water. Government rebates on these water-efficient fixture will help their adoption. Some examples can be water-efficient washer, cistern tanks, shower heads, etc.


4. Government regulation: Strict actions have to be taken against violators, including tickets and notices. When the entire region is suffering the drought, people have to commit to the conservation efforts and any deviation should be accordingly dealt to ensure compliance.


5. Reduce losses: by repairing the water conveyance network and ensuring no (or least amount of) leakages are there. The same can also be done at the household level.

Long-term (more than 5 years duration):

1. Use of more efficient devices/practices and conveyance network: Long-term efforts must include use of more efficient devices, both at household level and city level. Agriculture is one of the primary consumers of water and hence should aid the efforts by controlled usage. One of the long term agricultural measures can be more efficient irrigation practices, such as sprinkler systems, etc. State-wide efforts at improving the water conveyance infrastructure are also needed to ensure least wastage. Irrigation can also use the city's wastewater (at least some part of it, which is not very contaminated or after some level of treatment.).


2. Land management practices to reduce demand and improve conservation: One of the key challenges is to ensure better land management for demand reduction and increased conservation. Paved areas, including building need to install rain water harvesting system to increase ground water table. Commercial and institutional settings should be encouraged to partially reuse the water. Agriculture has to commit to its share. Given the large water requirements, a switch to less water intensive crops is one way farmers can contribute. 

Implementation of these measures will be aided by public awareness, education and strict compliance norms. Leaflets and other publications can be circulated to ensure the awareness of residents. At the school-level, children can be educated about the drought conditions, efforts undertaken and what they can do to aid the efforts. Any deviation from the city's water conservation efforts should be dealt with accordingly and warning notices and monetary fines can be issued. 

Hope this helps.

Who is Bassanio?

Bassanio is a character in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. He is one of the main characters.  Bassanio is best friends with Antonio, and he is lucky that Antonio is good friends with him in return. Bassanio is a "mooch." He lives the rich guy lifestyle, but he never seems to have enough funds to continue living his lavish life; therefore, he is constantly borrowing money from Antonio or anybody else that will give...

Bassanio is a character in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. He is one of the main characters.  Bassanio is best friends with Antonio, and he is lucky that Antonio is good friends with him in return. Bassanio is a "mooch." He lives the rich guy lifestyle, but he never seems to have enough funds to continue living his lavish life; therefore, he is constantly borrowing money from Antonio or anybody else that will give him a loan. Bassanio knows this too, and he openly admits it to Antonio.

To you, Antonio, / I owe the most in money and in love

Unfortunately, Bassanio's solution to his financial troubles isn't exactly what I would call honorable. His plan is to borrow even more money in order to woo Portia, a rich heiress.

In Belmont is a lady richly left,

And she is fair and—fairer than that word—

Of wondrous virtues. Sometimes from her eyes

I did receive fair speechless messages.

Her name is Portia, nothing undervalued

To Cato’s daughter, Brutus' Portia.

Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth,

Notice, in Bassanio's opinion, Portia's main "virtues" are her looks and her wealth. What's frustrating about Bassanio is that despite his ability to use people and never pay them back, Antonio still loves the guy, and Portia ends up as his loving and devoted wife.

What is a specific event or quote from act 1 and the effect of foreshadowing ?

Throughout Act One, Miller reveals the palpable tension in the community of Salem when the Putnams voice their opinions and John Proctor speaks to Abigail. The audience learns that the Putnams deeply resent Reverend Parris's position, as well as Rebecca Nurse's prosperity. The Putnam's negative feelings towards Reverend Parris and Rebecca Nurse foreshadow their involvement and accusations during the witch trials. Another moment that foreshadows a significant future event takes place when John Proctor has...

Throughout Act One, Miller reveals the palpable tension in the community of Salem when the Putnams voice their opinions and John Proctor speaks to Abigail. The audience learns that the Putnams deeply resent Reverend Parris's position, as well as Rebecca Nurse's prosperity. The Putnam's negative feelings towards Reverend Parris and Rebecca Nurse foreshadow their involvement and accusations during the witch trials. Another moment that foreshadows a significant future event takes place when John Proctor has a conversation with Abigail. Abigail Williams expresses her feelings for John, as well as her displeasure towards his sick wife, Elizabeth. Abigail tells John,

"Oh, I marvel how such a strong man may let such a sickly wife be—...She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, sniveling woman, and you bend to her! Let her turn you like a—" (Miller, 33).

Abigail's hateful comments towards Elizabeth Proctor foreshadow her accusation. In an attempt to get rid of Elizabeth, Abigail accuses her of witchcraft. Ironically, it is John Proctor who is punished because of Abigail's false accusation.

In the story "The Treasure of Lemon Brown," how does knowing Greg's thoughts and actions affect the reader's impression of Lemon Brown?

In the story, Greg's thoughts and actions greatly influence how we perceive Lemon Brown. Through Greg's perspective, we get the idea that Lemon Brown is a harmless, old man with an interesting past. 

When Greg initially meets Lemon Brown, he is wary and a little afraid. As Brown shuffles into the light, Greg takes a step back. It is only after Greg sees that Brown is an old man with a "smallish frame" that he...

In the story, Greg's thoughts and actions greatly influence how we perceive Lemon Brown. Through Greg's perspective, we get the idea that Lemon Brown is a harmless, old man with an interesting past. 

When Greg initially meets Lemon Brown, he is wary and a little afraid. As Brown shuffles into the light, Greg takes a step back. It is only after Greg sees that Brown is an old man with a "smallish frame" that he begins to relax. Brown is also dressed in rags and "cracked, dirty shoes." Through Greg's initial perspective, we are led to conclude that Greg is a frail figure, incapable of perpetrating violence on another human being.

Later, when thugs enter the abandoned building to confront Lemon Brown, Greg begins to panic. He thinks about the pipe one of the thugs is holding, and he becomes visibly frightened. Greg thinks that Lemon Brown presents an "eerie sight," standing at the top of the stairs in his "bundle of rags." Through Greg's thoughts, we see Brown as a mysterious figure, despite his apparent fragility.

The old man surprises us, however, when he hurls himself off the stairs to tackle the thugs. We are as surprised as Greg is by Lemon Brown's action. This is because Greg has only ever seen Lemon Brown as a defenseless, fragile figure. Accordingly, Greg's perspective deeply influences how we perceive Lemon Brown.

What are the form, rhythm and meter of "Portrait of Our Death" by Katherine Kilalea?

"Portrait of Our Death" was composed in free verse, which means there is no rhyme or regular meter.  For instance, the first stanza's four lines have 13, 14, 11, and 14 syllables; the second stanza's have 18, 12, 15 and 13.

The poem consists of eleven quatrains (four-line stanzas), and the lines feature enjambment, which means that sentences continue without a pause at the line's end to the following line.

The rhythm of the poem...

"Portrait of Our Death" was composed in free verse, which means there is no rhyme or regular meter.  For instance, the first stanza's four lines have 13, 14, 11, and 14 syllables; the second stanza's have 18, 12, 15 and 13.

The poem consists of eleven quatrains (four-line stanzas), and the lines feature enjambment, which means that sentences continue without a pause at the line's end to the following line.

The rhythm of the poem is created by Kilalea's diction. The poet makes frequent use of single-syllable words (in stanza one: "there were four of us," "a dirt road which," "and went right on up") interspersed with two-syllable words ("began," "foothills," "mountains," "little," "cottage," "waiting," "driving," "slowly," "little," "hatchback") and just one three-syllable word, "following."  The effect is staccato, without the possibility of stressed/unstressed syllable patterns.  The poem's opening thus sounds like a simple recitation of events, and the poem in its entirety is spoken in past tense.

The enjambment of the lines and the simplicity of the diction create a conversational ("The driver, my friend, looked green") yet oddly dispassionate tone as the speaker recounts a near-death experience.  Kilalea names the poem a "portrait," a depiction that records a moment in time just as a portrait captures a person in the same way. 

The final stanza's lines, while still enjambed, are shorter, as the speaker increases the distance from the terrifying event, personifying Death with a capital D and exulting in both what didn't happen and what did: a fatal plunge off a cliff in a car versus an exhilarating plunge into a pool beneath a waterfall.

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you cannot be too careful in life?

Trust in this context can be defined as the firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone. The consensus is that trust has to be earned. What this means is that the person to be trusted (the "trustor") has to have acted, over a period, in a manner that has convinced the trustee that he or she deserves trust. The situation does become complicated, however, when one is involved in social situations...

Trust in this context can be defined as the firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone. The consensus is that trust has to be earned. What this means is that the person to be trusted (the "trustor") has to have acted, over a period, in a manner that has convinced the trustee that he or she deserves trust. The situation does become complicated, however, when one is involved in social situations in which the trustor and trustee have not had consistent contact or have never been in contact at all, as in a first-time meeting. In such a context, it can be said that having "a firm belief" in a stranger would be foolhardy and naive because the trustor has not had occasion to earn trust. The trustee will, therefore, place him or herself at risk by trusting such an individual or individuals.

The notion that "one cannot be too careful in life" then becomes a reasonable option. For one, it reduces the risk of the would-be trustee's abuse or exploitation by others and ensures his or her safety. It is, therefore, essential that an individual is always aware of the risks of blind trust. One should consistently consider one's own best interests and carefully assess the outcomes of one's actions, especially if it involves placing trust in another, whether the individual is known or not. 

History has emphatically proven the irony of placing trust in figureheads and those we believe have more authority, knowledge, compassion, care, understanding, and so on than ourselves. In many instances, the trustees' faith has been exploited by an unscrupulous individual or individuals who have sought only to achieve their agendas. It is unfortunate that a cynical or suspicious approach should become a rule of thumb. However, as the cliche goes, "it is always better to be safe than sorry."   

What are some examples of metaphors in "All Summer in a Day"?

Bradbury's science fiction tale of a futuristic society where children are sent to live on Mars is full of figurative language, including metaphors. On Mars, the children live in a dark, water-logged world of constant rain except for two hours each seven years when the sun shines. Some of the metaphors used to describe the resulting conditions are:

"...sun is a flower that blooms for just an hour" to describe the brief, brilliant and joyful showing of the sun.

The rain is described as:

"...the endless shaking down of clear bead necklaces on the roof..."

The child, after years only experiencing dark, rainy days is described as:

"She was an old photograph, dusted from an album..."

To describe one character's voice:

"If she spoke at all her voice would be a ghost..."

What is the resolution for the book Flipped by Wendelin Van Draanen?

Flippedis a romantic comedy novel written by Wendelin Van Draanen about the two adolescents named Juli and Bryce. Juli spent years with a crush on Bryce. When Bryce is finally interested, Juli is afraid. If you are asking about the resolution, then you are asking about the specific part of the plot after the climax (when Bryce tries to kiss Juli) and after the falling action (when Juli decides to avoid Bryce as a result...

Flipped is a romantic comedy novel written by Wendelin Van Draanen about the two adolescents named Juli and Bryce. Juli spent years with a crush on Bryce. When Bryce is finally interested, Juli is afraid. If you are asking about the resolution, then you are asking about the specific part of the plot after the climax (when Bryce tries to kiss Juli) and after the falling action (when Juli decides to avoid Bryce as a result of the "almost-kiss"). The resolution is the part of the plot when the conflicts are resolved and any loose ends are tied up. The resolution is the conclusion to the story. In short, the resolution of the story is about the possible continuation of Bryce and Juli's relationship. The resolution happens when Bryce begins planting a tree in Juli's yard (with Juli's father's permission). After Juli gets over the fact that Bryce is ruining her grass, Juli is surprised and pleased that Bryce has chosen to prove his love by planting a sycamore tree. Juli decides it is "time to meet [Bryce] in the proper light."

How is the theme of death presented in the poem?

The theme of death is a key theme in Tennyson's poem Tears, Idle Tears.

The focus on the "days that are no more" goes hand in hand with the haunting realization that death affects us and everyone we know as we live our lives. Our happiest moments always have a sadder side to them because they are temporary. This caducity brings us to the realization that these moments cannot last, not only because life goes...

The theme of death is a key theme in Tennyson's poem Tears, Idle Tears.

The focus on the "days that are no more" goes hand in hand with the haunting realization that death affects us and everyone we know as we live our lives. Our happiest moments always have a sadder side to them because they are temporary. This caducity brings us to the realization that these moments cannot last, not only because life goes on but also because at a certain point we inevitably encounter death. 

However, it is exactly this that gives value to our memories and happiest moments. The true beauty of life is appreciated thanks to its juxtaposition to sadness and death, and it is our realization of the inescapability of death which pushes us to appreciate life and truly strive to create beautiful things. 

By being temporary, life is even more precious and beautiful; if this were not the case, life would simply be taken for granted and not appreciated. Life is both beautiful and painful at the same time, and for this reason we must try to live it to the fullest. 

Compare and contrast the images, tone and theme of the poems "How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count The Ways" by Elizabeth Browning and "Do Not Go...

Thematically, both poems are about love, but Browning's "How do I Love Thee?" concerns a person's romantic love for another person, while Thomas focuses on a son's love for his father. We know that that the narrator of "Do Not Go Gentle" is a son, because he says in the last stanza "and you, my father." In "How do I Love Thee?" we often assume the speaker is a woman, because the poem was written by a woman, but since no gender is given, we can understand it as a beloved of any gender addressing the loved one. 

Both poems convey deep attachment to the person addressed and each addresses the beloved person directly, but "How do I love thee?" has a gentler tone, while the tone of Thomas's poem is relentlessly fierce. In Thomas's poem, the narrator demands that his elderly father fight for his life as long as possible, repeating over and over again "do not go gentle into that good night." By "that good night," the narrator means death. The imagery that he uses is violent and raw: 

Old age should burn and rave at close of day

He repeatedly says that his father should 

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Words like "burn" and "rave" and "rage" are angry, high-energy words, words that make us think of getting fired up and fighting back. Thomas uses other fierce, high-energy images to further emphasize his point: He talks about "wild men," who "caught and sang the sun in flight." Wild men, of course, are fierce and active, and verbs like "caught" and "sang" are active, vital, high-energy words as well. One must be fierce too to catch something as powerful and burning as the sun. The sun "in flight" brings to mind the image of fast-paced motion. 

Thomas turns the blindness we associate with old age into fierce, bright, high-energy imagery with words like "blinding," which means bright, "blaze," which makes us think of fire, and "meteors," which shoot rapidly across the sky:

men...who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors... 

He also tells his father to "Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray."

The tone, with its repeated images of rage, fire and light, is meant to inspire his father to rally all his energy and force to fight off death.

Browning's narrator also conveys deep passion towards the beloved. The narrator communicates this by writing: "I love thee [you] to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach." In other words, if we imagine the love stretching out in all directions, the narrator loves the beloved totally, with every ounce of strength, in an all-encompassing way. The passion is also reinforced by repetition of the phrase "I love thee" over and over: one line does not convey all the love: instead, the love has multiple dimensions.

At the same time, the poem has a gentler, quieter tone than Thomas's poem and does not use the same fierce images. Browning uses more domestic images, such as in these lines: 

I love thee to the level of every day's
Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.

Words such as "level," "every day," "quiet," and "candlelight" are not fierce and wild but simple, gentle, and calm. The love is free and pure and the "passion put to use," as if it is channeled constructively rather than burning wildly. It is the ever-present quality of this love, always there in ordinary, everyday life, that conveys its depth.

Unlike Thomas, this narrator doesn't fight against the possibility of death or tell the beloved to fight death. Here, death is not an end, "a dying of the light." Instead, the narrator in Browning's poem believes their love will continue beyond the grave, saying: "I shall but love thee better after death." 

Who is J.D. Vance in Hillbilly Elegy?

J.D. Vance (born James Donald Bowman) is the author of . In his memoir, Vance discusses multiple generations of his family, beginning with his grandparents (Papaw and Mamaw). Vance’s mother, Bev Vance, had a turbulent childhood and a difficult life. She was forced to drop out of high school when she became pregnant with Vance’s older sister, and her life began to go off the rails when she became addicted to drugs. Vance’s...

J.D. Vance (born James Donald Bowman) is the author of . In his memoir, Vance discusses multiple generations of his family, beginning with his grandparents (Papaw and Mamaw). Vance’s mother, Bev Vance, had a turbulent childhood and a difficult life. She was forced to drop out of high school when she became pregnant with Vance’s older sister, and her life began to go off the rails when she became addicted to drugs. Vance’s father abandoned the family early on, and Bev had several boyfriends and husbands over the years. As her drug problem worsened, Bev’s behavior became increasingly erratic until, one day, she threatened to crash the car with young Vance inside. After this event, Mamaw and Papaw (Vance’s grandparents) became his primary caregivers. Vance attributes his personal success to Mamaw and Papaw’s positive and stabilizing influence—an advantage most of his friends and neighbors in Appalachia did not have. Vance went through a difficult period in adolescence, especially after Papaw died. With Mamaw’s help, however, Vance was able to graduate high school and join the Marine Corps. After serving in Iraq, Vance attended Ohio State and then went on to receive a law degree from Yale Law School.

In the story "The Sniper," what does O'Flaherty want us to think about war?

When the story opens, the sniper is described as a seasoned soldier. He has become used to killing. He has the "cold, gleam of the fanatic" and has "the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death." An old woman on the street informs the enemy of the sniper's position. He has no choice but to kill the woman and the man in the turret. This is the cold reality of war. The...

When the story opens, the sniper is described as a seasoned soldier. He has become used to killing. He has the "cold, gleam of the fanatic" and has "the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death." An old woman on the street informs the enemy of the sniper's position. He has no choice but to kill the woman and the man in the turret. This is the cold reality of war. The sentiment presented here is "kill or be killed." It is primitive, barbaric, and inhumane. That is what is being communicated about war in this story.

O'Flaherty adds another morbid aspect to this story. The sniper is inevitably forced to kill his own brother. This is the tragic irony of the story and the grim irony of civil wars. They are conflicts of brother against brother. O'Flaherty does not go into the causes of the war and nor does he claim if one side is more justified than the other. Although the "sniper" is the main character, and although the reader might root for him, there is no sense that he is morally superior to his enemies. O'Flaherty also gives no indication that the enemies are morally superior. The author just presents the grim realities of war. Leaving the politics out of it, O'Flaherty just gives the reader the violence of war and the psychological impact war has on a soldier.

Why isn’t Jess wearing a shirt or shorts?

Jess goes running in overalls because he thinks he'll be too hot if he wears clothes underneath them.

Jess gets up early every morning in the summer to go running; he's up early enough that he worries his mother will get mad if he wakes her. He wants to improve his speed so that by the time school starts, he's the best runner in the fifth grade.

When he wakes, he puts on his overalls...

Jess goes running in overalls because he thinks he'll be too hot if he wears clothes underneath them.

Jess gets up early every morning in the summer to go running; he's up early enough that he worries his mother will get mad if he wakes her. He wants to improve his speed so that by the time school starts, he's the best runner in the fifth grade.

When he wakes, he puts on his overalls right away. He doesn't bother with a shirt. Paterson writes:

He didn't worry about a shirt because once he began running he would be hot as popping grease even if the morning air was chill, or shoes because the bottoms of his feet were by now as tough as his worn-out sneakers.

The exertion of running will heat up his body so that he won't feel the cold air on it. When he leaves the house, Jess notices that he can see his breath in the air even though it's August. He thinks, too, that by the time he's doing chores in the afternoon it will be plenty hot. By the time he gets home, he's aching and sweaty.

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, describe the things Scout says to Walter Cunningham during his visit to their house for lunch, after Scout...

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Walter Cunningham comes home with Scout and Jem at lunch on the first day of school. Scout had tried to explain Walter's reason for refusing to borrow a quarter from Miss Caroline for lunch, and was eventually punished because the teacher did not understand the situation or what Scout was trying to say. As they leave school, Scout jumps on Walter, blaming him for her difficulties in the classroom. Jem stops his sister and invites Walter home for lunch.

First, as Atticus and Walter speak, the boy describes why he has never passed the first grade—

"Reason I can't pass the first grade, Mr. Finch, is I've had to stay out ever' spring an' help Papa with the choppin', but there's another'n at the house now that's field size."

"Did you pay a bushel of potatoes for him?" I asked, but Atticus shook his head at me.

Scout understands that poorer folks (e.g., farmers) sometimes must pay for services with goods, as Walter's father paid Atticus for legal services. Atticus has also mentioned that other people are paid the same way, including doctors—hence, Scout's question as to whether or not the family had to pay the doctor for the baby's delivery with a bushel of potatoes. This child, Walter notes, is now "field size," or rather, able to work in the fields.

The next thing that Scout has to say is about Walter's use of syrup on all of his food:

He would probably have poured [syrup] into his milk glass had I not asked what the sam hill he was doing. [...]

"But he's gone and drowned his diner in syrup," I protested. "He's poured it all over—"

Calpurnia calls Scout away from the table to speak to her privately in the kitchen about her manners.

This scene demonstrates the difference between the economic status of the Finch family and others in the community. While the Finches are able to afford a nice house and Calpurnia's help with the cooking and raising the kids, Atticus has told them that they are poor.

In this instance, Calpurnia wastes no time telling Scout that the Finches are no better than their neighbors. While Scout understands the concept that there are differences between her and others (and has difficulty keeping her opinions to herself), she is not a snob. Her father explains the economic and social disparities around them and Scout generally takes people for who they are—not based upon their wealth or social standing, but based upon how they act, especially with her and her family. 

While Aunt Alexandra sees these gaps, Atticus makes certain that his children are down to earth, being kind to, and tolerant of, others.

In The Outsiders, is Dally a round or flat character?

A round character is complex and displays various personality traits that change throughout the novel. In contrast, a flat character is one-dimensional and usually defined by a single trait. Throughout The Outsiders, Dally would be categorized as a round character. Through the majority of the story, Dally is characterized as a brash, callous individual who does not care about anyone. As the novel progresses, Dally displays loyalty and empathy towards his fellow Greasers,...

A round character is complex and displays various personality traits that change throughout the novel. In contrast, a flat character is one-dimensional and usually defined by a single trait. Throughout The Outsiders, Dally would be categorized as a round character. Through the majority of the story, Dally is characterized as a brash, callous individual who does not care about anyone. As the novel progresses, Dally displays loyalty and empathy towards his fellow Greasers, particularly Johnny. Pony initially does not like Dally because he is a hot-head with an affinity for violence and breaking the rules. After Johnny stabs Bob Sheldon and goes on the run with Ponyboy, Dally willingly helps them escape to Jay Mountain. When Johnny tells Dally that he is going to turn himself into the police, Dally demonstrates his love for Johnny by warning him about how jail will negatively affect him. Later on, Dally selflessly risks his life entering the burning building to save Johnny. After Johnny dies, Dally loses his mind and robs a grocery store. The police end up killing Dally, and Ponyboy realizes Dally was a gallant, selfless individual who cared deeply about Johnny. Dally's various character traits illustrate his complex personality, which makes him a round character. 

`x=3y-y^2 , x=0` Find the x and y moments of inertia and center of mass for the laminas of uniform density `p` bounded by the graphs of the...

For an irregularly shaped planar lamina of uniform density `(rho)` , bounded by graphs `x=f(y),x=g(y)` and `c<=y<=d` , the mass `(m)` of this region is given by:

`m=rhoint_c^d[f(y)-g(y)]dy`

`m=rhoA` , where A is the area of the region.

The moments about the x- and y-axes are given by:

`M_x=rhoint_c^d y(f(y)-g(y))dy`

`M_y=rhoint_c^d 1/2([f(y)]^2-[g(y)]^2)dy`

The center of mass is given by:

`barx=M_y/m`  

`bary=M_x/m`

We are given:`x=3y-y^2,x=0`

Refer to the attached image, Plot of `x=3y-y^2` is blue in...

For an irregularly shaped planar lamina of uniform density `(rho)` , bounded by graphs `x=f(y),x=g(y)` and `c<=y<=d` , the mass `(m)` of this region is given by:

`m=rhoint_c^d[f(y)-g(y)]dy`

`m=rhoA` , where A is the area of the region.

The moments about the x- and y-axes are given by:

`M_x=rhoint_c^d y(f(y)-g(y))dy`

`M_y=rhoint_c^d 1/2([f(y)]^2-[g(y)]^2)dy`

The center of mass is given by:

`barx=M_y/m`  

`bary=M_x/m`

We are given:`x=3y-y^2,x=0`

Refer to the attached image, Plot of `x=3y-y^2` is blue in color. The curves intersect at `(0,0)` and `(0,3)` .

First let's find the area of the bounded region,

`A=int_0^3(3y-y^2)dy`  

`A=[3y^2/2-y^3/3]_0^3`

`A=[3/2(3)^2-1/3(3)^3]`

`A=[27/2-9]`

`A=9/2`

Now let's evaluate the moments about the x- and y-axes using the formulas stated above:

`M_x=rhoint_0^3 y(3y-y^2)dy`

`M_x=rhoint_0^3(3y^2-y^3)dy`

`M_x=rho[3(y^3/3)-y^4/4]_0^3`

`M_x=rho[y^3-y^4/4]_0^3`

`M_x=rho[3^3-3^4/4]`

`M_x=rho[27-81/4]`

`M_x=rho[(108-81)/4]`

`M_x=27/4rho`

`M_y=rhoint_0^3 1/2(3y-y^2)^2dy`

`M_y=rho/2int_0^3((3y)^2-2(3y)y^2+(y^2)^2)dy`

`M_y=rho/2int_0^3(9y^2-6y^3+y^4)dy`

`M_y=rho/2[9(y^3/3)-6(y^4/4)+y^5/5]_0^3`

`M_y=rho/2[3y^3-3/2y^4+y^5/5]_0^3`

`M_y=rho/2[3(3)^3-3/2(3)^4+3^5/5]`

`M_y=rho/2[81-243/2+243/5]`

`M_y=rho/2[(810-1215+486)/10]`

`M_y=rho/2[81/10]`

`M_y=81/20rho`

Now let's find the coordinates of the center of mass,

`barx=M_y/m=M_y/(rhoA)`

`barx=(81/20rho)/(rho9/2)`

`barx=(81/20)(2/9)`

`barx=9/10`

`bary=M_x/m=M_x/(rhoA)`

`bary=(27/4rho)/(rho9/2)`

`bary=(27/4)(2/9)`

`bary=3/2`

The center of mass is `(9/10,3/2)`

In "A Retrieved Reformation," what can you infer from what Ben Price says?

Ben Price is Jimmy's equal. Jimmy is an expert at cracking safes; Ben Price, an expert at catching safecrackers. Ben shows his expertise in part of his dialogue:

"Look at that combination knob—jerked out as easy as pulling up a radish in wet weather. He's got the only clamps that can do it. And look how clean those tumblers were punched out! Jimmy never has to drill but one hole."

These were the days before the federal government took over most of the work of protecting banks. Ben Price likely works for one of the big private detective agencies which banks employed for protection. Ben is obviously a specialist in banks and knows a lot about Jimmy Valentine's methods and criminal exploits. He has already arrested Jimmy Valentine once and sent him to prison for four years for a bank job in Springfield.

There on the floor was still Ben Price's collar-button that had been torn from that eminent detective's shirt-band when they had overpowered Jimmy to arrest him.

Although Price is probably not a police detective, he has certain powers as a private detective. He can make citizens' arrests and turn culprits over to the official police. He can provide the district attorney with evidence to convict them. Once he gets on Jimmy's trail, he is relentless.

“That's Dandy Jim Valentine's autograph. He's resumed business. Yes, I guess I want Mr. Valentine. He'll do his bit next time without any short-time or clemency foolishness.”

Ben Price's dialogue marks him as Jimmy's nemesis. It may be partly for fear of the detective that Jimmy moves all the way to Arkansas and tries to set up a shoe business as a front behind which he can continue to operate as a safecracker in his new territory. He doesn't expect to fall in love.

Price easily traces Jimmy to Elmore, Arkansas, and is prepared to arrest him for the four bank jobs he pulled right after being released from prison. Jimmy's decision to use his tools to rescue the little girl trapped in the bank vault, induces Ben Price to forgive Jimmy's past offenses. As a private detective, Ben is not obliged to make an arrest if he decides against it.

“Hello, Ben!” said Jimmy, still with his strange smile. “Got around at last, have you? Well, let's go. I don't know that it makes much difference, now.”

And then Ben Price acted rather strangely.

“Guess you're mistaken, Mr. Spencer,” he said. “Don't believe I recognize you. Your buggy's waiting for you, ain't it?”

By personifying Ben Price as the sole representative of all the forces of justice in the country, O. Henry makes his story a dramatic conflict between two unique individuals: Jimmy Valentine, the master criminal, and Ben Price, the master detective.

In the story "Charles," how does Laurie feel about his/Charles' behavior?

In Shirley Jackson's 1948 short story, "Charles," the main character Laurie is proud of the fictional Charles's behavior. 

Laurie invents the character of Charles on his first day of kindergarten. He comes home slamming the door, leaving his hat on the floor, and shouting. He spills his baby sister's milk at lunch and speaks disrespectfully to his father. When prompted, he tells his father he didn't learn "nothing" in school. Then he tells the tale of a boy being spanked for being fresh. In the quote below, one can see Laurie's enjoyment in telling the tales of Charles's insolent behavior at school. 

"The next day Laurie remarked at lunch, as soon as he sat down, “Well, Charles was bad again today.” He grinned enormously and said, “Today Charles hit the teacher.” 

The fact that he grins enormously while he tells of the heinous deeds shows that he is proud either of his actions, or of the deceptive tale he has weaved, or both. 

The next incidence of Charles' bad behavior is ironic. Consider the passage below: 

"On Monday Laurie came home late, full of news. “Charles,” he shouted as he came up the hill; I was waiting anxiously on the front steps. “Charles,” Laurie yelled all the way up the hill, “Charles was bad again.” “Come right in,” I said, as soon as he came close enough. “Lunch is waiting.” “You know what Charles did?” he demanded, following me through the door. “Charles yelled so in school they sent a boy in from first grade to tell the teacher she had to make Charles keep quiet, and so Charles had to stay after school. And so all the children stayed to watch him.”

Ironically, Laurie is reporting Charles' actions which mirror his own, as he has throughout the story, and yet his parents still don't make the connection that Charles and Laurie are one in the same. In the quote above, Laurie is late and he is shouting all the way down the street. He explains his lateness by telling his mother that all the students stayed after to watch Charles. Charles had to stay after for shouting. It is apparent that Charles was not raised to believe shouting was acceptable. His mother models more polite behavior by not answering his shouts until he comes close enough to speak at an appropriate level. 

In the following quote, Laurie offers what could be a clue to the motivation behind Charles's actions: 

“What are they going to do about Charles, do you suppose?” Laurie’s father asked him. Laurie shrugged elaborately. “Throw him out of school, I guess,” he said."

One could make a reasonable inference that Laurie didn't like school, and acted out in such a way as to get himself expelled.  

It is interesting to consider Laurie's physical description of Charles. When his mother asks him what Charles looks like, this is his response:

 “He’s bigger than me,” Laurie said. “And he doesn’t have any rubbers and he doesn’t ever wear a jacket.”

Considering Laurie's insolent behavior around his home, and his outlandish behavior at school, one could infer that he is a strong willed child. When he describes Charles, he says he is bigger than Laurie. It's possible Laurie wishes he was bigger. He also says he doesn't have any rubber boots and doesn't ever wear a jacket, which would be a concern for the child's welfare from an adult perspective. From Laurie's perspective, it's more likely that he doesn't like wearing jackets and rubber boots and so he includes this dislike in his fictional character. 

More evidence for the assertion that Laurie is proud of Charles's behavior is found in the following quote when "Charles" told a girl to say an obscene word at school and she complied: 

“What word?” his father asked unwisely, and Laurie said, “I’ll have to whisper it to you, it’s so bad.” He got down off his chair and went around to his father. His father bent his head down and Laurie whispered joyfully. His father’s eyes widened. “Did Charles tell the little girl to say that?"

The fact that Laurie whispers this word joyfully provides evidence that he is proud of the behavior, or at least that he is enjoying the reactions he is getting from his invented character's escapades. 

What is happening to the amount of food each animal receives?

George Orwell's Animal Farm is a novel famous for its satire and allegory. In the book, the animals working on Manor Farm get tired of the tyranny of their owner, Mr. Jones. Old Major, a pig, makes a speech about how all the animals should rebel against humans and take over the farm so that they can all be treated equally. After Old Major's death, the other pigs on the farm quickly put the ideas...

George Orwell's Animal Farm is a novel famous for its satire and allegory. In the book, the animals working on Manor Farm get tired of the tyranny of their owner, Mr. Jones. Old Major, a pig, makes a speech about how all the animals should rebel against humans and take over the farm so that they can all be treated equally. After Old Major's death, the other pigs on the farm quickly put the ideas of his speech into motion. They start up Animalism, create Seven Commandments as the rules of their society, and run Mr. Jones out of the farm.

As the book goes on, things quickly go downhill as the pigs, the leaders of the animals, keep breaking and changing the Seven Commandments. Over time, the pigs take more and more of the farm's food for themselves, to the point where the other animals on the farm are starving.

Examine the relationship between Anne and her father Otto in the book. How does this relationship develop? By the end of the story are the two...

Initially, the relationship between Otto Frank and his daughter Anne is a strong one. Anne is very much "daddy's girl" and can do little wrong in his eyes. From her diary, the reader senses that Anne sees a kindred spirit in her father, someone who understands her in a way that no one else truly does.

At the same time, there's a downside to being daddy's little girl. Though she absolutely adores her father, Anne...

Initially, the relationship between Otto Frank and his daughter Anne is a strong one. Anne is very much "daddy's girl" and can do little wrong in his eyes. From her diary, the reader senses that Anne sees a kindred spirit in her father, someone who understands her in a way that no one else truly does.

At the same time, there's a downside to being daddy's little girl. Though she absolutely adores her father, Anne sometimes feels that he doesn't see her as a real person in her own right—that he doesn't see the real Anne beneath the charming exterior of a sweet little girl:

I model myself after Father, and there's no one in the world I love more. . . . But I have a right to be taken seriously too. . . . It's just that I'd like to feel that Father really loves me, not because I'm his child, but because I'm me, Anne.

It's astonishing just how much maturity Anne displays in this letter. She has a real sense of self and who she is. And it's enormously frustrating not to have her emotional development acknowledged by the person she loves most in all the world.

Anne is rapidly developing into a highly mature young adult; Otto, however, still sees her as daddy's little girl. Inevitably, this disparity between their different understandings generates friction between them. We see this in Anne's relationship with Peter Van Daan. As Otto still thinks of Anne as just a little kid, he is deeply reluctant to bestow his fatherly blessing on what seems like just a girlish crush.

In time, it turns out that there's no real depth to the relationship as Peter is much too passive and emotionally awkward to engage Anne's affections for very long. But for Anne, that is beside the point. Otto's disapproval of Anne's relationship with Peter represents a denial of her individuality and her ability to make her own decisions when it comes to matters of the heart:

Why didn’t Father support me in my struggle? . . . He always talked to me as if I were a child going through a difficult phase. . . . I didn’t want to hear about "typical adolescent problems," or "other girls," or "you’ll grow out of it." I didn’t want to be treated the same as all-the-other-girls, but as Anne-in-her-own-right, and Pim didn’t understand that.

Not surprisingly, by the time we reach the end of Anne's diary, her relationship with Otto has changed quite significantly. She still loves her father dearly but not with the same degree of hero-worship she displays at the beginning of the diary. This is an inevitable development, one experienced by countless young female adults at some point in their lives. As Anne has matured, so too has her relationship with her father. The unthinking adulation she once showed towards him was that of a girl and has now been replaced by a more adult, complex, yet still deeply loving, connection between father and daughter.

What are three quotes from Nadine Gordimer's "Once Upon a Time" that illustrates fear of those regarded as "other?"

Much of "Once Upon a Time" revolves around fear of those who are different, or "other." Here are three quotes that best illustrate this.

For when they began to live happily ever after they were warned, by that wise old witch, the husband's mother, not to take on anyone off the street. They were inscribed in a medical benefit society, their pet dog was licensed, they were insured against fire, flood damage and theft, and subscribed to the local Neighborhood Watch, which supplied them with a plaque for their gates lettered YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED over the silhouette of a would-be intruder. He was masked; it could not be said if he was black or white, and therefore proved the property owner was no racist.

This passage introduces the beginning of the family's downfall: the husband's mother's advice. Reasonable precautions, such as insurance, did not seem to be enough; one can see here the beginning of the family’s insatiable desire for security. The plaque on the gate also recounts the theme of racism as well as the denial of it: the fact that the intruder is masked appears to be enough, in the family’s mind, to obscure the racial tensions of the divide between the suburb and the outer quarters of the city.

The wife could never see anyone go hungry. She sent the trusted housemaid out with bread and tea, but the trusted housemaid said these were loafers and tsotsis, who would come and tie her and shut her in a cupboard. The husband said, She's right. Take heed of her advice. You only encourage them with your bread and tea. They are looking for their chance ... And he brought the little boy's tricycle from the garden into the house every night, because if the house was surely secure, once locked and with the alarm set, someone might still be able to climb over the wall or the electronically closed gates into the garden.

This further demonstrates how compassion slides in the wake of fear. The wife, who was one of the first to embrace enhanced security measures, attempts to be kind and feed those who are hungry, but she is warned away from helping because it would “encourage” the loafers. The husband and housemaid have at this point succumbed to fear as well.

The whitewashed wall was marked with the cat's comings and goings; and on the street side of the wall there were larger red-earth smudges that could have been made by the kind of broken running shoes, seen on the feet of unemployed loiterers, that had no innocent destination.

One can see here that the loiterers are so untrustworthy that their suspicion pervades even their shoes. The racial tensions are echoed once more in the “whitewashed” wall and the “red-earth smudges” marring it. Suspicion and fear run together in this story; the suspicion justifies the fear and the fear fuels the suspicion, forming a vicious cycle.

What are some quotes from Part 1 that show what Atticus Finch carries in his briefcase?

Atticus brings Scout a book home in his briefcase in part 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird.  When he arrives home from work, Jem takes his briefcase and Scout asks her father if he has brought a book for her:

Jem, forgetting his dignity, ran with me to meet him.  Jem seized his briefcase and bag, I jumped into his arms, felt his vague dry kiss and said, "'d you bring me a book?'"...

Atticus brings Scout a book home in his briefcase in part 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird.  When he arrives home from work, Jem takes his briefcase and Scout asks her father if he has brought a book for her:

Jem, forgetting his dignity, ran with me to meet him.  Jem seized his briefcase and bag, I jumped into his arms, felt his vague dry kiss and said, "'d you bring me a book?'" (Chapter 13)

Scout enjoys reading with her father.  Together, they read a variety of texts.  They read informational books, law, the Bible, and newspapers.  When Miss Caroline tells Scout that she can no longer read with her father, she realizes how special their time together is.

On two separate occasions later in the novel, it is revealed that Atticus carries papers in his briefcase.  These papers have to do with the legal matters he is working on, such as the trial of Tom Robinson.  The following is a quote from the one of the courtroom scenes in Tom's trial:

[Atticus] had evidently pulled some papers from his briefcase that rested beside his chair, because they were on his table (Chapter 20).

`y' + (-1+x^2)y' - 2xy = 0` Solve the differential equation

To solve this differential equation, we'll try to separate the variables: move `y` and `y'` to the left side and `x` without `y` to the right:

`y'(1 + x^2 - 1) = 2 x y,`  or  `(y')/y = (2x) / x^2 = 2/x.`

Now we can integrate both sides with respect to `x` and obtain

`ln|y| = 2ln|x| + C,`

which is the same as

`y = Ce^(2 ln|x|) = C |x|^2 = C x^2,`

...

To solve this differential equation, we'll try to separate the variables: move `y` and `y'` to the left side and `x` without `y` to the right:

`y'(1 + x^2 - 1) = 2 x y,`  or  `(y')/y = (2x) / x^2 = 2/x.`

Now we can integrate both sides with respect to `x` and obtain

`ln|y| = 2ln|x| + C,`

which is the same as

`y = Ce^(2 ln|x|) = C |x|^2 = C x^2,`

where `C` is an arbitrary constant. This is the general solution.

Why did Coates's father beat him with his belt?

Ta-Nehisi Coates grew up in West Baltimore, an economically depressed and drug-infested community. 

Coates is beaten as a response to an altercation with his school teacher at the time. According to Coates, his father reasoned that the boy could either be beaten by his father or be beaten later by the police—a confrontation that could result in serious injury or death.

In retrospect, Coates understands that his father—like many black parents, especially those from lower-income...

Ta-Nehisi Coates grew up in West Baltimore, an economically depressed and drug-infested community. 

Coates is beaten as a response to an altercation with his school teacher at the time. According to Coates, his father reasoned that the boy could either be beaten by his father or be beaten later by the police—a confrontation that could result in serious injury or death.

In retrospect, Coates understands that his father—like many black parents, especially those from lower-income communities—was operating from a place of fear. He was afraid of losing his son to police brutality—a fate that would have become more likely if he had allowed Coates to remain defiant and unruly in school. He reasoned that, if the boy feared his father's wrath, he would not dare to cause further trouble in school.

How do you know that you are stressed? In other words, what are some early warning signs of stress, and what kinds of things might you notice when...

Stress is not something easily defined, nor is it something that affects every person the same way. This means that the way stress feels and affects one person might not be the same for other people.  

Stress is loosely defined as the body and brain's response to a demand. Those "demands" could be anything and are often referred to as "stressors." Stressors cause stress. That's an important component of stress: it's caused by something. It could be a bee flying close to your head, an upcoming exam, an upcoming interview, a race that you've been training for, a public speaking engagement, and so on. Additionally, your body can experience stress because of a traumatic event or major life change. 

It's also important to note that stress is natural. It's not necessarily something to avoid. It's your body's way of preparing for a future ordeal or dealing with a current ordeal. In that regard, stress can actually be good for you. I always tell my health class that stressing about exams isn't necessarily a bad thing. Their stress can focus their efforts and energy levels while they prepare themselves for the upcoming tests.  

While some stress is beneficial, chronic stress is overall harmful to health. Chronic stress is stress that is constant and remains even after the stressor is gone. Chronic stress is dangerous because it can weaken the immune system, slow down digestive processes, adversely affect sleep, lead to high blood pressure, and even cause heart disorders. Chronic stress can eventually lead to anxiety disorders and depression. Stress can also lead to psychosomatic symptoms. Things like muscle aches or headaches are common stress indicators.

Chronic stress should be avoided, but that's not necessarily possible; therefore, stress management is key. I teach my health class seven things to help with stress management.  

1. Identify the cause of the stress. Can the stressor be avoided or dealt with in another way?


2. Plan ahead. For example, if you are stressing about exams, plan time to study and prepare. Feeling confident about the outcome can help manage stressful feelings. 


3. Get adequate sleep. Stress is hard on the body, and sleep helps repair and prepare the body. 


4. Exercise. This helps process out the adrenaline that stress produces. Additionally, exercise triggers the release of endorphins. Those are important because they are "feel good" hormones. They make you feel better.  


5. Eat nutritious foods. This helps the body operate at optimal levels. 


6. Practice relaxation techniques. Meditative breathing exercises are a good example.  


7. Find social support. Simply talking to people about your feelings can help relieve stress.  

I've mentioned some signs and symptoms of stress in the previous paragraphs; however, I'd like to include a bullet point list of some common signs and symptoms of stress. Keep in mind that all of these signs and symptoms are not universal, nor are they all present in every stressful situation.  

• Headache


• Low energy levels


• Digestion problems, which can lead to things like diarrhea, constipation, and nausea


• Insomnia


• Tense muscles and associated aches


• Excessive sweating


• Dry mouth


• Loss of sexual desire


• Frequent colds

Can you recommend me two wonderful examples of pacifist speeches? I need arguments in favor of a more pacifist and neutral world.

Here are two speeches advocating pacifism and nonviolence: On Mind and Thought, by J. Krishnamurti, and the Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech, by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 

In On Mind and Thought, Krishnamurti argues that, in order to solve the problem of violence in society, we must look within ourselves as individuals. According to Krishnamurti, the violence of the outside world is merely a reflection, or projection, of the inner-turmoil and...

Here are two speeches advocating pacifism and nonviolence: On Mind and Thought, by J. Krishnamurti, and the Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech, by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 

In On Mind and Thought, Krishnamurti argues that, in order to solve the problem of violence in society, we must look within ourselves as individuals. According to Krishnamurti, the violence of the outside world is merely a reflection, or projection, of the inner-turmoil and violence each of us faces internally. 

For Krishnamurti, pacifism requires first the courage and honesty to take a look within:

So having looked at the world... the suffering, the brutality, the violence... [i]f you can put away all that, then we can look at ourselves. And to look at ourselves requires seriousness, because what you have denied outwardly is what you are inwardly.

On Mind and Thought emphasizes the personal and psychological dimensions of societal violence: "[W]e are very violent," Krishnamurti claims, "we are deceptive. We have various kinds of masks that we put on." Until we begin to address these psychological forms of violence and deception, we are hopeless in the face of societal greed, violence, and brutality. 

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech argues for pacifism and nonviolence as tools for progressive social change: "Civilization and violence are antithetical concepts." He also states,

Negroes of the United States... have demonstrated that nonviolence is not sterile passivity, but a moral force which makes for social transformation.

In his acceptance speech, Dr. King argues that true and lasting fundamental social change can only be reached via nonviolent means, because violence is necessarily alienating and divisive. The goal of social change, according to Dr. King, is to progressively move toward a beloved community in which all people are accepted, nurtured, and granted full human dignity.

Why is what happens to the boy unexpected in "Once Upon a Time?"

In the beginning of the overall story, Gordimer explains how she's been asked to write a children's story. Initially, she does not want to. Then, she describes waking up to a strange noise. At first, she fears an intruder is breaking into her home. Her fear stems from racial and political conflicts in the waning years of the apartheid in South Africa. (The story was published in 1989.) However, she realizes the noise is her...

In the beginning of the overall story, Gordimer explains how she's been asked to write a children's story. Initially, she does not want to. Then, she describes waking up to a strange noise. At first, she fears an intruder is breaking into her home. Her fear stems from racial and political conflicts in the waning years of the apartheid in South Africa. (The story was published in 1989.) However, she realizes the noise is her house creaking over top of an underground mine. Given that this introduction or "frame" story ends with the elimination of fear, we might suspect that the subsequent "story within a story" (about the family) will have a "happily ever after" ending. 

In the "story within a story," there is a family whose fear of crime and potential intruders causes them to increase the security of their home. This fear feeds upon itself and they continue reinforcing their home until it is more like the design of a prison. Given all of these precautions, one might think that the family will be completely safe and will "live happily ever after." However, their last addition of a jagged security coil ends up becoming a real danger. One of the brutal ironies of this story is that the little boy had been inspired by a fairy tale and tried to get through the coil: 

Next day he pretended to be the Prince who braves the terrible thicket of thorns to enter the palace and kiss the Sleeping Beauty back to life. 

Fairy tales usually have happy endings. The family takes drastic measures to make themselves safe in their home, which is why it is unexpected or even ironic that the little boy comes to harm because of those very measures and in defiance of the typical fairy tale ending.

Do you think that the speaker has been successful in immortalizing his love in the words of Sonnet 18? To what extent is this only a poetic device?

The speaker is successful in immortalizing his beloved. Part of this success is showing how his beloved is more "lovely" than a summer's day. Summer is too erratic, whereas his beloved is more temperate. Summer has "rough winds," is "too hot," or it's "lease hath all too short a date." Here, "temperate" means mild. And in the context of being eternal, temperate also means unchanging. Summer only lasts three months, while his beloved's "eternal summer...

The speaker is successful in immortalizing his beloved. Part of this success is showing how his beloved is more "lovely" than a summer's day. Summer is too erratic, whereas his beloved is more temperate. Summer has "rough winds," is "too hot," or it's "lease hath all too short a date." Here, "temperate" means mild. And in the context of being eternal, temperate also means unchanging. Summer only lasts three months, while his beloved's "eternal summer shall not fade." So, how can his beloved's beauty and/or essence be immortal?

Since his beloved cannot literally survive death, nor can he be young and beautiful forever, the speaker intends to find another way to immortalize him. This immortalization has more to do with the overall effect of the poem itself than it does with the metaphors and comparisons between the summer and his beloved. The poem itself is what the speaker intends to immortalize. As an immortal tribute, the poem then gives immortal status to his beloved. The final two lines express this:

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

If the poem is immortal, so is his beloved. So, it is about poetic devices, but in a broader sense, it is about writing itself.

In what way does the postmaster feel out of place in the remote village?

The postmaster feels out of place due to the fact that he must interface on a daily basis with strangers. Essentially, the postmaster finds it difficult to relate to the villagers, who possibly represent the kinds of people he has never had to associate with before.

The men employed in the indigo factory had no leisure; moreover, they were hardly desirable companions for decent folk. Nor is a Calcutta boy an adept in the art...

The postmaster feels out of place due to the fact that he must interface on a daily basis with strangers. Essentially, the postmaster finds it difficult to relate to the villagers, who possibly represent the kinds of people he has never had to associate with before.

The men employed in the indigo factory had no leisure; moreover, they were hardly desirable companions for decent folk. Nor is a Calcutta boy an adept in the art of associating with others. Among strangers he appears either proud or ill at ease. At any rate, the postmaster had but little company; nor had he much to do.

Perhaps the factory employers come from dissimilar castes; the narrator doesn't say, but the implication is clear. The postmaster considers the workers "hardly desirable companions for decent folk" like himself. In the story, he has "little company" because he finds it difficult to integrate into the fabric of daily life among the villagers. Also, since he has little to occupy him, the postmaster feels ill at ease.

Aside from these difficulties, the postmaster also misses his family. This is another reason he feels out of place: his family isn't with him. They are back in Calcutta.

On some evenings, seated at his desk in the corner of the big empty shed, the postmaster too would call up memories of his own home, of his mother and his sister, of those for whom in his exile his heart was sad,—memories which were always haunting him, but which he could not talk about with the men of the factory...

What is the main idea/purpose of "One Hundred Per-Cent American" by Ralph Linton?

The main purpose of this document, called "One Hundred Per-Cent American" by Ralph Linton, is to show that globalization has been occurring for a very long time, and that what we think of as a distinctive and separate "American" way of life is really a melting pot of customs, innovations, and inventions that come from all around the world. Our pajamas were invented in India, our silk comes from China, our bathtubs come from Roman...

The main purpose of this document, called "One Hundred Per-Cent American" by Ralph Linton, is to show that globalization has been occurring for a very long time, and that what we think of as a distinctive and separate "American" way of life is really a melting pot of customs, innovations, and inventions that come from all around the world. Our pajamas were invented in India, our silk comes from China, our bathtubs come from Roman models, the glass we use was invented in Egypt, and soap like ours was first made in ancient Gaul. The average American male getting ready for work "puts on close-fitting tailored garments whose form derives from the skin clothing of the ancient nomads of the Asiatic steppes."

What the author calls the modern American breakfast also comes from all over the world: the cantaloupe was first domesticated in "Persia," (modern Iran), the waffles are Scandinavian, and the cereal from grain first domesticated in the Near East. Even the language in which this American thinks his very "American" thoughts comes from Europe and India.

This essay attacks isolationism, puncturing the idea of an America set apart from the rest of the world. It uses irony, saying the opposite of what it really means, in its opening statement ("There can be no question about the average American’s Americanism or his desire to preserve this precious heritage at all costs"). We know this statement is ironic because the author then spends the rest of the essay showing that this "Americanism" in fact comes from all over the globe. The essay also ends ironically, stating,"As he scans the latest editorial pointing out the dire results to our institutions of accepting foreign ideas, he will not fail to thank a Hebrew God in an Indo-European language that he is a one hundred percent (decimal system invented by the Greeks) American (from Americus Vespucci, Italian geographer)."

In other words, rather than pretend we invented our culture and that foreign ideas are dangerous (lead to "dire results") and are not "American," we might recognize our debt to the rest of the world and the extent to which other cultures have enriched our own. We are all interconnected, and that is good.

It it interesting that this essay was written in 1937, when a debate raged about how far the US should involve itself in the tensions heating up in Europe that would lead to World War II--and yet today we are having a similar debate about how involved our country should be with the rest of the world. This essayist would almost certainly say we should not build walls or keep out immigrants.

What is a balanced chemical equation for iron oxide reacting with carbon monoxide that produces atomic iron and carbon dioxide?

Hello! Most likely, it is iron (III) oxide, `Fe_2 O_3`. Carbon monoxide is identified as `CO`, and carbon dioxide is identified as`CO_2`.

The unbalanced reaction is `Fe_2 O_3 + CO -> Fe + CO_2`. To balance it, place undetermined coefficients before each molecule and find them:

`a_1 * Fe_2 O_3 + a_2 * CO = a_3 * Fe + a_4 * CO_2`.

The quantities of each atom on both sides must be the same. There...

Hello! Most likely, it is iron (III) oxide, `Fe_2 O_3`. Carbon monoxide is identified as `CO`, and carbon dioxide is identified as`CO_2`.

The unbalanced reaction is `Fe_2 O_3 + CO -> Fe + CO_2`. To balance it, place undetermined coefficients before each molecule and find them:

`a_1 * Fe_2 O_3 + a_2 * CO = a_3 * Fe + a_4 * CO_2`.

The quantities of each atom on both sides must be the same. There are three types of atoms in this reaction: `Fe`, `C`, and `O.` For `Fe` atoms, we have `2a_1 = a_3`, for `C` atoms, we have `a_2 = a_4`, and for `O` atoms we have `3a_1 + a_2 = 2a_4`.

Substitute `a_4 = a_2` from the second equation to the third and obtain `3a_1 + a_2 = 2a_2` or `a_1 = 1/3 a_2`. Substitute this into the first equation and obtain `2/3 a_2 = a_3`.

All coefficients must be natural numbers, so the smallest value for `a_2` is `3`. Then, we get `a_3 = 2/3 a_2 = 2`, `a_1 = 1/3 a_2 = 1`, and `a_4 = a_2 = 3.`

The balanced reaction is as follows:

`Fe_2 O_3 + 3 CO -> 2 Fe + 3 CO_2`.

In Coelho's The Alchemist, how are Santiago’s sheep important? What lessons has he learned from them and how do they help him in his Personal...

At the beginning of Coelho's The Alchemist, Santiago has been a shepherd for two years. This is a good amount of time to acquire many experiences and skills with any job. And Santiago is a true shepherd who knows each of his flock by name--unlike a sheepherder who drives his sheep around like dumb animals. This implicitly tells us that Santiago is kind, patient, and talks to his sheep as if they were friends. (Consequently, the relationship with his sheep is also a direct allusion to how Jesus refers to himself and his followers in the Bible.) The sheep represent the boy's safety zone where he is at peace and sustaining a life of his own. He thinks about the sheep often as he searches for his treasure because, if he fails to fulfill his Personal Legend, he could possibly go back to them and that life.

At other times, he sees them as a dead-end job. He describes this as follows:

"If I became a monster today, and decided to kill them, one by one, they would become aware only after most of the flock had been slaughtered. . . They trust me, and they've forgotten how to rely on their own instincts, because I lead them to nourishment"(7).

Later, while facing obstacles and failure on his journey, he sees them as a point of reference to either give up and go back to them, or as a reason to keep going forward rather than go back. He rationalizes his thinking by saying,

"I know why I want to get back to my flock. . . I understand sheep; they're no longer a problem, and they can be good friends. On the other hand, I don't know if the desert can be a friend, and it's in the desert that I have to search for my treasure. If I don't find it, I can always go home"(65).

We all have a safety zone that is scary to leave or a nice place to go back to if we've left it. Remembering his safety zone helps the boy to make weigh the consequences of decisions throughout the journey, and as a result, keeps him moving forward to achieve his dreams.

What are a few quotes from To Kill a Mockingbird that go with the theme of bravery?

In Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, the topic of bravery is explored in different ways with different characters. First, the children first view bravery as a thing to be demonstrated by facing terrifying situations and then overcoming them. For example, Dill challenges Jem's manhood by daring him to get Boo Radley to come out of the house. Then Dill modifies the challenge, which requires Jem only to touch Boo Radley's house instead of making the man come outside. Jem fulfills this mission with a quick run through the yard and back, but he does it because he "wanted Dill to know once and for all that he wasn't scared of anything" (14). In this case, bravery is a matter of honor as demonstrated by an act of courage.

However, Atticus shows what calm, cool, and collected bravery looks like when he shoots a mad dog in chapter 10 and saves the neighborhood. As a result, the kids want guns for Christmas, but they are confused when their father won't teach his own kids how to shoot them. The answer to their confusion comes in chapter 11 when Atticus teaches Jem what he believes bravery really is--and that it isn't found using guns. For Atticus, bravery is found in people like Mrs. Dubose who overcomes her addiction to morphine before she dies. Atticus explains as follows: 

"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. Mrs. Dubose won, all ninety-eight pounds of her. According to her views, she died beholden to nothing and nobody. She was the bravest person I ever knew" (112). 

This lesson from Atticus paints a different picture of bravery than what the children think. They discover that bravery is not about proving to others that a scary task can be accomplished; rather, it is facing fears or weaknesses and holding one's self accountable no matter what the outcome.

Finally, another example of bravery demonstrated in the novel is when Aunt Alexandra faces a room full of smug and self-righteous women after finding out that Tom Robinson has died while attempting to escape from prison. Moments before discovering the unfortunate news, these intolerant guests imply that Atticus defending a black man in court hurts the social status quo in Maycomb. It is overwhelming and intimidating for Aunt Alexandra to go back to her guests after discovering that Tom is dead. This fact may cause more problems in the community, and her "friends" might blame Atticus for it. Nevertheless, Aunt Alexandra must keep her head held high in the presence of these intolerant women. She must show them that she is strong, supports her brother's efforts, and is proud to be a Finch. Scout recognizes her aunt's personal resolve and courage by describing how Aunt Alexandra readies herself before facing her guests again:

"Aunt Alexandra rose and smoothed the various whalebone ridges along her hips. She took her handkerchief from her belt and wiped her nose. She patted her hair and said, 'Do I show it?'" (237).

This passage shows Aunt Alexandra preparing herself to be brave in front of the community's gossips. Scout is impressed and decides to follow Aunt Alexandra's example by saying, "After all, if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I" (237). In this situation, Aunt Alexandra and Scout show social bravery by going back out to their guests and holding their heads high. They could have stayed in the kitchen and cried over the situation, or lost their tempers by yelling at their guests, but they decide to face life with strength--even if that means acting like a lady and not crumbling down into tears like a little girl.

How and why did the indigenous people arrive in the Caribbean?

Let me first address the "why" part of your question, as the "how" will be a little more complex. Most human migration, especially prior to the Modern period, was driven by a need or desire for resources. Even well into the Modern period, First Nations people (like the indigenous Taino and Arawak) lived highly mobile lifestyles driven by access to seasonal resources. So, why did indigenous Caribbeans migrate there? For access to food and other...

Let me first address the "why" part of your question, as the "how" will be a little more complex. Most human migration, especially prior to the Modern period, was driven by a need or desire for resources. Even well into the Modern period, First Nations people (like the indigenous Taino and Arawak) lived highly mobile lifestyles driven by access to seasonal resources. So, why did indigenous Caribbeans migrate there? For access to food and other resources!

As I mentioned, the "how" is a little more tricky. We do not have historical records detailing the peopling of the Americas and must rely on archaeological materials and "best guesses." Archaeological evidence indicates that people were living in Trinidad at least eight thousand years ago, and by seven thousand years ago were continually pushing north towards Cuba. Based on this evidence, we could infer that once groups of people had arrived in South America, they began pushing northward into the islands of the Caribbean. There is also evidence to suggest that people migrated south from present-day Florida or east from the Yucatan peninsula.

How did these people get to the Caribbean islands? Based on the sea-floor geography and fluctuations in sea levels, they might've been able to walk or wade easily from one area to another! It is also possible that these people were building rafts or boats and using them to cross longer distances. It is rather unlikely that the peopling of the Caribbean was accomplished entirely by swimming, even though it is possible to swim for long distances. Children, the elderly, and the infirm would not have been able to make such long swims, so the use of a boat or raft would have been needed.

Does Curley's wife deserve her reputation?

Curley's wife has quite a sordid reputation. She's regarded by other characters in the story as being what used to be called a woman of low morals. They call her all kinds of unpleasant names such as "jailbait" and "tart." At the very least, she's possessed with an exceptionally strong, overpowering sexuality; and she knows this, using her attractiveness to get men to do what she wants. At various points in the story, she proves...

Curley's wife has quite a sordid reputation. She's regarded by other characters in the story as being what used to be called a woman of low morals. They call her all kinds of unpleasant names such as "jailbait" and "tart." At the very least, she's possessed with an exceptionally strong, overpowering sexuality; and she knows this, using her attractiveness to get men to do what she wants. At various points in the story, she proves herself to be a liar--a mean, cunning manipulator, someone not to be trusted.

And in the case of Curley's wife, sex goes hand in hand with power. As wife of the boss' son she enjoys a position of authority on the ranch, which she bolsters with her raunchy demeanor. She abuses her power by threatening to have Crooks, the only African-African on the ranch, lynched, a way of putting him "in his place." Because she has such a dire reputation, Curley's wife clings to her racial privilege as the only thing that can still command respect.

But like just about everyone else in the story, Curley's wife has dreams of a better life away from the ranch. She dreams of movie stardom, something she could realistically achieve with her incredible good looks and charm. Although this makes Curley's wife somewhat a much more rounded character, more human, it doesn't detract from a sordid reputation that appears richly deserved.

`y = x^2 , y = x^5` Set up and evaluate the integral that gives the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region about the x-axis.

To be able to use the Shell method, a  rectangular strip from the bounded plane region should be parallel to the axis of revolution.

By revolving multiple rectangular strip, it forms infinite numbers of hollow pipes or representative cylinders.

In this method, we follow the formula:  `V = int_a^b 2pirhdy`

where:

radius (r)= distance of the rectangular strip to the axis of revolution

height (h) = length of the rectangular strip

thickness = width  of...

To be able to use the Shell method, a  rectangular strip from the bounded plane region should be parallel to the axis of revolution.

By revolving multiple rectangular strip, it forms infinite numbers of hollow pipes or representative cylinders.

In this method, we follow the formula:  `V = int_a^b 2pirhdy`

where:

radius (r)= distance of the rectangular strip to the axis of revolution

height (h) = length of the rectangular strip

thickness = width  of the rectangular strip  as` dx` or `dy` .

For the bounded region, as shown on the attached image, the rectangular strip is parallel to x-axis (axis of rotation). We can let:

`r=y`

`h= f(y)` or `h =x_2-x_1`

`h=y^(1/5)-y^(1/2)`

Note: `y = x^5`  is expressed as `x = y^(1/5)` and `y = x^2`  is expressed as `x = y^(1/2)` .

thickness` = dy`

Boundary values of y: `a=0` to `b=1` .

Plug-in the values on `V = int_a^b 2pirhdy`

`V = int_0^1 2pi*y*(y^(1/5)-y^(1/2)) dy`

Apply basic integration property:` intc*f(x) dx = c int f(x) dx`

V = 2pi int_0^1 y( y^(1/5)-y^(1/2)) dy

Apply Law of Exponent: y^n*x^m = y^((n+m)).

V = 2pi int_0^1  (y^((1/5+1))-y^((1/2+1))) dy

V = 2pi int_0^1  (y^(6/5)-y^(3/2)) dy

Apply basic integration property:`int (u-v)dx = int (u)dx-int (v)dx` .

`V = 2pi [int_0^1 (y^(6/5))dy -int_0^1 (y^(3/2)) dy]`

Apply Power rule for integration: `int y^n dy= y^(n+1)/(n+1).`

`V = 2pi [y^((6/5+1))/((6/5+1)) -y^((3/2+1))/((3/2+1))]|_0^1`

`V = 2pi [y^((11/5))/((11/5)) -y^((5/2))/((5/2))]|_0^1`

`V = 2pi [y^(11/5)*(5/11) -y^(5/2)*(2/5)]|_0^1`

`V = 2pi [(5y^(11/5))/11 -(2y^(5/2))/5]|_0^1`

Apply definite integration formula: `int_a^b f(y) dy= F(b)-F(a)` .

`V = 2pi [(5(1)^(11/5))/11 -(2(1)^(5/2))/5]-2pi [(5(0)^(11/5))/11 -(2(0)^(5/2))/5]`

`V = 2pi [5/11 -2/5]-2pi [0 -0]`

`V= 2pi [3/55]-2pi [0]`

`V= (6pi)/55-0`

`V= (6pi)/55` or `0.343` (approximated value)

What is the "Day of Silence" and what is its significance?

Initiated by students at the University of Virginia in 1996 to raise awareness of discrimination against and physical intimidation of gay people, the Day of Silence has since expanded across the nation and is observed at many universities. The student organization Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, formed in 1990 by a group of teachers with the mission to "create safe and affirming schools for all, regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression,"...

Initiated by students at the University of Virginia in 1996 to raise awareness of discrimination against and physical intimidation of gay people, the Day of Silence has since expanded across the nation and is observed at many universities. The student organization Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, formed in 1990 by a group of teachers with the mission to "create safe and affirming schools for all, regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression," assumed responsibility for organizing the annual event.

The periodic murder of gay teenagers and young adults, and the bullying of many others, has sparked greater awareness of the intense hatred still felt by some members of society and of the brutal violence that manifests itself in anti-gay attacks.

The annual observance of a Day of Silence dedicated to the LGBTQ community is not universally appreciated. Socially conservative organizations like the American Family Association have condemned the event, usually on the basis of their interpretations of Biblical strictures such as that in the Book of Leviticus (20:13), which states (per the King James version), “If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.” This provision in the Bible has been used for centuries to attack gay people, and many of those who adopt a literal interpretation of the Bible are guided by this prohibition.

In conclusion, the Day of Silence is a student-initiated event intended to heighten awareness of the physical and mental abuse to which gay people have been subjected.

What are the rules in The Giver with page numbers?

The page numbers that the rules are located on are going to vary depending upon the copy/edition of the book which you own. Thus, to make this answer as consistent as possible, I will provide an outline of the rules according to the chapter that they take place in:

Chapter 1:

• Planes may not fly over the Community. 


• Precision of language must be used to prevent any sort of confusion. It is necessary to say...

The page numbers that the rules are located on are going to vary depending upon the copy/edition of the book which you own. Thus, to make this answer as consistent as possible, I will provide an outline of the rules according to the chapter that they take place in:

Chapter 1:

• Planes may not fly over the Community. 


• Precision of language must be used to prevent any sort of confusion. It is necessary to say exactly what one means.


• Every family unit must have two children (one male, one female).


• The third time someone violates a rule, he or she will be brought before the Department of Justice and released from the Community.

Chapter 2:

• The Naming List, which lists out the names of the new children in the Community, is to be kept secret. 


• Bicycle riding is not permitted until one becomes a Nine. 


• Comfort objects are to be confiscated when one become an Eight.

Chapter 3:

• Objects are not to be removed or taken home from the Recreational Center.

Chapter 4:

• One should not brag about one's own accomplishments.


• Volunteer hours must be completed in order to receive one's assignment as a Twelve.


• Eights are given the freedom of choice. 


• Members of the Community may not look at each other naked, with the exception being the elderly and new children.

Chapter 5:

• Stirrings are to be treated with the consumption of morning medicine, and Stirrings are to be reported so that treatment may take place.

Chapter 6:

• Fours, Fives, and Sixes are to wear jackets that button in the back.


• Sevens are to wear jackets that button in the front.


• Elevens are to transition into clothing appropriate for their adolescent bodies.


• One may, technically speaking, request to be released to go Elsewhere.

Chapter 10:

• Doors must not be locked within the Community (with the exception of The Giver's door).

Who opposed the war of 1812?

The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain. This war was fought over various insults felt by the Americans, including the Royal Navy's tendency to impress American seamen and attempts by Great Britain to hinder US trade.

Not everyone thought it as good of an idea to go to war as the Republican Party. There were others, besides the British, who opposed the US's fight against Great Britain. The Federalists (the...

The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain. This war was fought over various insults felt by the Americans, including the Royal Navy's tendency to impress American seamen and attempts by Great Britain to hinder US trade.

Not everyone thought it as good of an idea to go to war as the Republican Party. There were others, besides the British, who opposed the US's fight against Great Britain. The Federalists (the opposing party to the Republicans), for example, had a more favorable view of the British. In fact, when congress voted on the war, not one member of the Federalist party voted to go to war.

In addition, many citizens in the New England area opposed going to war for various reasons. Besides economic concerns, many individuals had religious objections to the war, and the opposition to the war was often a subject preached about from pulpits.